ILA White Paper Final 2022 Eng

ILA White Paper 01, 2023

The war in Ukraine threatens millions of people with the risk of starvation. What is the third major food crisis in 15 years, however, began long before the conflict. Hunger in the world, which had stabilized since 2014, and food insecurity are increasing again and the causes are not to be found on the side of a shortage of food. They lie in poverty and inequality, global warming, hyper-specialization of land, speculation on agricultural raw materials, market dysfunctions. The conflict in Ukraine cannot hide the observation of the structural weakness of the agricultural and food systems. What will the world look like in 2050 if it did not meet the challenges posed by agriculture and food? What international law do we need in order to prevent historical trends (see panorama below) from continuing and even darker scenarios from unfolding? The purpose of this white paper is not to answer these questions directly, but to draw up an inventory of the challenges to be faced in order to help finding some answers.

Region& Periphery, 2023

Global food systems are facing a prolonged challenge, as food prices are remaining at high levels. The lives of the world’s poor and food-insecure communities are greatly affected by changes in the food supply, rising commodity prices, and the new shapes that the food chain between producers and consumers has adopted. At the same time, consumers in more advanced economies are also experiencing sharp rises in food prices. In the current paper, we will try to address the issues related to the current food crisis and explore whether the global food systems are facing a state of permanent crisis. KEY-WORDS: Food systems, Food crisis, Covid-19, War in Ukraine

2015

To guide policymaking, decision makers require a good understanding of the long-term drivers of food security and their interactions. Scenario analysis is widely considered as the appropriate tool to assess complex and uncertain problems, such as food security. This paper describes the development process, storylines and drivers of four new global scenarios up to the year 2050 that are specifically designed for food security modelling. To ensure the relevance, credibility and legitimacy of the scenarios a participatory process is used, involving a diverse group of stakeholders. A novel approach is introduced to quantify a selection of key drivers that directly can be used as input in global integrated assessment models to assess the impact of aid, trade, agricultural and science policies on global food and nutrition security.

Agriculture and Food Sciences Research

With the Climate change effects becoming more and more undoubted in the world populations, the reality of food production trends taking a negative curve is clear. This bring up the questions of whether the farmers will be able to produce food for the sustenance of the world population or not? The rate of developing food shortage coping mechanisms in this regard is slower that the ravaging negative climate change effects of drought and floods on farm performance. This commentary has the aim of requesting a fresh discussion around the fundamentals of what is food, what is a food security and what is nutritional security? It is possible that the humanity has a perception that needs refocusing. This is a perception that some people may choose out of non-food safety issues not to eat certain foods while other however healthily eat such food. It therefore becomes hard to technically accept that food is in short supply for those the opt not to eat that which is edible.

Food insecurity has always been and still continues to be one of the key global development issues. Close to one billion people around the world go to bed hungry every night, two billion people experience micronutrient malnutrition, and almost the same number are overweight or obese. Global food security is predicted to worsen further in the near future as climate change hinders agricultural production, by inducing higher temperatures, more frequent droughts and floods, and land degradation, and global population continues to rise, topping nine billion by mid-century. This course will enhance students' understanding of some of the complex issues and controversies that surround globalisation of agriculture and the global food chain, and review and discuss factors that influence food-and nutrition security at the global, national, community and household level.

1978

The international system of production, distribution and consumption of food is managed by states, corporations and international organizations. International organizations play minor roles in the food regime, principally as arenas for policy coordination among state bureaucracies and as agents for modest multilateral programs. All of these actors work within the framework of a set of norms, rules and practices that constitutes a global food regime. Currently, the regime is undergoing change. Growing demand for food, tighter connections among markets, and greater reliance on technology have increased the importance of international adjustments. American preponderance in shaping regime features and insuring food security through reserves has declined. The dramatic price rises and rationing of international food supplies that occurred during the ''crisis'' of 1973-74 exposed serious deficiencies in the existing regime. At least five world food problems-potential shortages, instability, insecurity, low productivity and malnutrition-continue as real or potential threats. To solve these problems the norms of the current regime that has existed since World War II are seriously under challenge. Re-evaluation and reform of the major principles characterizing the food regime are needed. Securing adequate food is one of the oldest problems confronting political institutions. 1 Historically this intimate connection between food and politics has emerged in diverse forms. From the "minimal government" of nomadic herdsmen and hunting-gathering peoples and the complex despotisms found in societies relying on

The food crisis of 2008, the subsequent financial crisis, and the ongoing climate crisis have created new challenges to the attainment of global food security. This essay examines the historic and current practices that have contributed to food insecurity in developing countries, and recommends several steps that the international community might take to promote the fundamental human right to food. The essay begins by outlining the trade and aid policies that laid the foundation for food insecurity in the global South from colonialism until the early twenty-first century. It then examines the impact of the financial crisis and the climate crisis on food security – including speculative “bubbles” in agricultural commodity markets, the biofuels boom, and the growing number of “land grabs” (long-term leases or purchases of agricultural lands) by foreign investors in developing countries. The essay concludes by suggesting specific measures that the international community might take to promote food security through international law and regulation.

ISSN 2348 – 0319 International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (2017); Volume 5, Issue 4, 2017

Abstract: The global communities’ approach towards solving complex and interrelated problems by addressing ‘parts’ of the ‘whole’ does not meet the envisioned objectives. This is because most of the challenges are directly related and hence require holistic approach for addressing them. It is important to conceptualize the bigger picture of the system in which the problem exists and determine the relationships that exist before laying the strategy of addressing them. In the context of this paper, the complex dynamics at play regarding climate change, food security, economic and socio-cultural dimensions and agricultural production attest to this. Often, due to the broadness of the aforementioned areas, it is very challenging to consider all of them during planning and policy development for food security concerns. The single sector approach, where planning is based on sectoral axis by respective government Ministries results in short term success which are not sustainable. The outcomes are always short lived policies that fail to recognize the complex interactions of the variables at play. Since the ultimate goal is to develop a systems-based approach in seeking solutions, policy makers should focus on the nexus while making decisions. The need to embrace a ‘systems approach’ where most factors at play are considered when planning is desirous. This paper presents an in depth consideration of each component and provides an analysis of some of the nexuses that exist. It further proposes strategies that should be considered in order to achieve food security that are cognizant of the nexus. It is envisaged that this will inform an effective design of policies and regulatory framework. Key Words: Climate variability, economic, socio-cultural factors nexus, food secure households

T he rapid and sharp rises in food prices in late 2007 and early 2008 were a stark reminder of the fragility and volatility of the global food system. As food prices shot to dizzying heights, the world's poor people-those most vulnerable to food price rises-were hard hit. Over 850 million people were already considered food insecure when the prices began to rise, and the situation pushed more into that category. Although many of the affected people are smallholder farmers, they are also frequently net purchasers of food, and so the price increases had severe impacts. Civil unrest and "food riots" erupted in over forty developing countries as people's ability to command food suddenly dropped. While food prices on international markets eased considerably by the fall of 2008, they still remained some 30 percent above 2005 levels. Domestic food prices in developing countries have not fallen back and by mid-2009 were higher still than levels seen in early 2008. By early 2009, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) announced that the number of chronically hungry people in the world had climbed to over 1 billion. When making this announcement, Jacques Diouf, director-general of the FAO, stated bluntly in an interview with the Financial Times, "The food crisis is not over" (quoted in Blas 2009).