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2004, Louvain Studies
Scholarship happily includes education in friendship. I am grateful to the friends I have been privileged to make in the course of my research on Yves Cardinal Congar (1904-95). I wish to take advantage of this distinguished international forum to mention two of those friends: they are both French, both Dominicans and both contemporaries of Congar's. I refer to Fathers Pierre-Marie Gy and Jean-Pierre Jossua. I am indebted to them for opening the world of Congar's thought and life to me in a personal and vivacious manner. They have afforded me insights of their vast knowledge of theology, liturgy, history and literature, the result of a lifetime of study and reflection. Father Gy, one of the most influential liturgical scholars of the twentieth century and sometime director of the Institut Supérieur de Liturgie in Paris and professor at Le Saulchoir-the faculties of the Dominican province of France, 1 refers to Cardinal Congar as "my master and old friend." 2 Sadly, Father Gy died on 20 December 2004. He was part of that outstanding generation of brilliant Catholic scholars who were intimately associated with Vatican II. Possessed of a rare gift, high intellect defined by acuity and a gentillesse that one naturally associates with Christian courtesy, he was, like Congar, a peritus (expert) at the Vatican Council. In this paper in honour of his "old friend," on the occasion of the centenary of his birth, I acknowledge my gratitude to Father Gy. I wish also to thank Father Jossua, littérateur and acclaimed theologian, whom Congar amiably refers to as "my
2015
One striking feature of the documents of the Second Vatican Council is the extent to which liturgical texts and rites are quoted and alluded to in a variety of theological contexts. In this essay, I seek to cast light on this aspect of the conciliar texts by exploring the relationship of theology and liturgy in the writings of Cipriano Vagaggini and Yves Congar, two major protagonists in the development of the texts of the Second Vatican Council. I first describe the life and ministry of Vagaggini and present a synthesis of his articulation of the role of liturgy as a source for theology in Theological Dimensions of the Liturgy. I then describe the life and ministry of Congar, treat of several aspects of his liturgical formation which are significant for understanding his theological work, and present a synthesis of his views of liturgy as a source for theology in La foi et la théologie and La Tradition et les traditions. I conclude by examining the place of liturgical texts within the third chapter of Lumen gentium in light of the theoretical exposition of Congar and Vagaggini, suggesting that the liturgical references provided in this chapter provide an excellent example of the appeal to the liturgy as a monument of Tradition in line with the principles articulated by Congar and Vagaggini.
Deleted Journal, 2023
This article is a follow-up of a previous study: "The Holy Spirit as the Principle of Ecclesial Unity in Yves Congar's Early Writings," which concluded that "Congar never understood unity as uniformity, but after 1946-1947, he became increasingly attentive to diversity and even defined the visible unity of the Church as communion" 1. It was only natural to continue the research on the same topic with the subsequent writings of Congar. Therefore, this article presents how Congar's vision on the role of the Holy Spirit regarding the unity of the Church developed between 1952 and 1971. Which are some of his discoveries on the topic? Which are the factors that contributed to the development of his thinking during this period of time? Did his overall vision of the Church change?-these are some of the main questions that this article will try to answer. "Le Saint-Esprit et le Corps apostolique, réalisateurs de l'oeuvre du Christ" (1952) opened a period when Congar emphasized a certain freedom of the Spirit with regard to the institutions of the Church (not with regard to the mission of Christ). This period included for Congar a discovery of diversity in the Church, the charisms of the Spirit, the status and role of the faithful, of the relation of the Church to the world, the rediscovery of the eastern tradition, the beginnings of a rediscovery of the Reform, a wide awareness of the modern 'secular' world. In Congar's words, this was for him a period of "a mass sortie from the ghetto, which could also be called an emergence from the era of Constantine or of the Counter-Reformation with its largely polemical outlook."
FOR THE UNITY OF THE ONE CHURCH OF CHRIST, edited by Archbishop Lazar Puhalo, Petos Vassiliadis, Νikolaos Dimitriadis and Katerina Drosia, consists of the CEMES open public lectures of the CEMES Master Program in “Orthodox Ecumenical Theology”, dedicated the 2021-22 academic year to the Unity of ..., 2022
In this paper, our intention is to present the thoughts and suggestions of a great theologian of the Roman Catholic Church, the late Yves Congar, whose contribution to ecclesiology and ecumenical dialogue, especially the theological dialogue between the two sisters Churches, the Catholic and the Orthodox, was important after the Second Vatican Council. Yves Congar’s contribution to pneumatology was also important, but we preferred to refer to his crucial vision and anguish for the fact of the Church and Christian unity.
Deleted Journal, 2023
This article is the last of a series of three studies on the role of the Spirit regarding the ecclesial unity in Yves Congar's theological thought. It presents Congar's understanding of the Spirit as co-institutor of the Church together with Christ. In his early writings, Congar understood the Spirit as the soul of the Church which animated the structures founded by Christ. In his middle career, Congar developed a more nuanced role of the Spirit. However, throughout this time, the ecclesiological model used by Congar was Christological. In this article, one can see how Congar moved from those models toward a communion model of the Church in which the Spirit brings about and stimulates diversity in the Church. This novelty in Congar's thought is, however, in continuity with his early thought. More important is the overall conclusion at the end of these three studies that that ecclesiology and pneumatology developed and influenced mutually throughout Congar's career (beginning in 1937 with his Chrétiens désunis/ Divided Christendom and not only in 1953 when he publishes "The Holy Spirit and the Apostolic College, Promoters of the Work of Christ").
2020
In this article I argue that Congar is worthy of commemoration not only because of specific contributions but because of what he symbolizes. Congar lived a life of conversion and, thereby, stands as a symbol for the Church that is called too to that. “Congar et Vatican II: symbole d’une Église en conversion,” Revue catholique internationale Communio 271, Sept-Oct 2020, 71-78.
Roczniki Teologiczne
A b s t r a c t . Every liturgy grows. The liturgy of the Order of Preachers was no exception. In the 1200s, the friars faced the necessity to revise their customs, texts, and rituals. On the one hand, this situation shows how diverse the 13 th -century Christianitas was, and on the other hand, it proved the presence of a desire for unity within the newly formed Order, a struggle to have all the members of the then-worldwide community pray according to the same form. The process leading to that "liturgical consensus" needed by the Preachers back in the 1200s resembles the axioms of the liturgical renewal in the 20 th century. The article focuses on the history of the Dominican liturgical developments, highlighting the mindset of the 13th-century Friars Preachers facing changes in the area of prayer. In the context of debates surrounding the liturgy after Vatican II, the author provides a historical perspective in order to show similarities between both processes of liturgical renewal.
2023
The 2023 McManus lecture, delivered at The Catholic University of America, honors the prominent canonist and liturgist Msgr. Frederick R. McManus by highlighting his liturgical expertise and merits for the liturgical renewal. The article focusses on his cooperation with his German colleagues in Trier, Johannes Wagner as the head of the German Liturgical Institute and Balthasar Fischer, the first chairholder for liturgical studies in Germany. Based on their letters kept in the archive of the Liturgical Institute in Trier, the article demonstrates how these important figures of the liturgical renewal got acquainted at the international liturgical study meetings in 1956/60, cooperated as consultants for drafting Sacrosanctum Concilium, engaged in the liturgical reform of the Mass and the baptismal rites, and worked together in promoting liturgical studies. The article situates the three protagonists in the larger context of the liturgical movement. The first part outlines the ties between Germany and the U.S. in the early liturgical movement showing how Virgil Michel and immigrants brought the ideas from Europe/Germany to the U.S. and adapted them. While the relationship first was one of influences and support, in the later liturgical movement it became one of cooperation. Pope Francis has recalled our attention to the liturgical movement in Desiderio Desideravi so that the third part of the presentation offers reflections on liturgical formation based on the three protagonists and this recent apostolic letter.
Theological Studies, 1997
The author compares the ecclesiologies of Charles Journet and Yves Congar in order to trace out two different strands of reform leading into Vatican II. Congar's emphasis on historical development is complemented by Journet's focus on the mystical and essential. The result is a more differentiated understanding of the preconciliar strategies that came to fruition as communion ecclesiology, as well as a retrieval of J our net's contribution to conciliar theology.] C OMMUNION ECCLESIOLOGY focuses on relationships in order to understand the Church. This theological approach begins with "communion" among God and human beings, and then applies this concept analogously to sacrament, ministry, ecumenism, and church-world relations. Communion ecclesiology has taken on significant importance of late in Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant circles. In "The Final Report" of the Extraordinary Synod of 1985, the bishops presented communion ecclesiology as the key to a proper understanding of Vatican II. They called communion "the central and fundamental idea of the council's documents." 1 More recently, Joseph Ratzinger said of communion ecclesiology that "ultimately there is only one basic ecclesiology." 2 The World Conference of the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches held in Santiago de Compostela in August 1993 was devoted to the theme of the Church as communion. 3 DENNIS M. DOYLE, who holds a Ph.D. degree in religious studies from the Catholic University of America, is associate professor at the University of Dayton. His earlier study "Möhler, Schleiermacher, and the Roots of Communion Ecclesiology" appeared in the September 1996 issue of TS. He is also the author of The Church Emerging from Vatican II (Twenty-Third, 1992). 1 Origins 14 (December 19, 1985) 448. 2 L'Osservatore Romano [English ed.] (June 17, 1992) 1. 3 See the publication of papers and addresses from this meeting, On the Way to Fuller Koinonia: Official Report of the Fifth World Conference on Faith and Order, Faith and Order Paper 166, ed. Thomas F. Best and Günther Gassmann (Geneva: WCC, 1994). Among the presenters, who represented a wide range of churches, was the Roman Catholic Jean-Marie Tillard, whose Eglise d'églises: L'ecclésiologie de communion (Paris: Cerf, 1987) is currently the best contemporary Catholic rendering of communion ecclesiology. Also presenting was the Metropolitan of Pergamon, John Zizioulas, whose profound Being as Communion (Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir's, 1985) offers an Orthodox approach. THEOLOGICAL STUDIES Communion ecclesiology, however, exists in different versions. 4 The purpose of this article is to explore comparatively two lines of thought within the Catholic theological tradition that led into Vatican II, those associated with Charles Journet and Yves Congar. This study is intended to help correct facile notions of preconciliar theology as well as to contribute to a more differentiated understanding of contemporary communion ecclesiology. I also hope to aid in the retrieval of the work of Journet and appreciation for his historical and ecclesiological contributions. 5 One issue at stake in this comparison can already be found in Johann Adam Möhler's seminal work Unity in the Church (1825), a prototype of modern communion ecclesiology. 6 Möhler blends historical consciousness with an ideal vision of the Church. 7 An abstract, ahistorical view of the Church will not do; on the other hand, a historicized Church with no room for ideal images also misses the mark. Vatican IFs Lumen gentium holds in tension the historical and eschatological dimensions of the Church. Yet not all 20th-century versions of communion ecclesiology have retained this balance. The French Dominicain Yves Congar (1904-1995) stands as one of the great figures whose work lead up to Vatican II. 8 Along with the contributions of his Jesuit compatriot Henri de Lubac, his work is synonymous with the development of communion ecclesiology in the mid-20th century. Congar acknowledged the strong influence of 4 Contrast, e.g.
The author highlights one of the primary contributions of Yves Congar's pneumatology. In contrast to early-20th-century Roman Catholic theology that divorced reflection on the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in the human person from a systematic ecclesiology, Congar developed a theology of personal indwelling that was inseparable from a theology of the Church. The author then illustrates the fruitfulness of Congar's approach by using his theology constructively to address the postconciliar discussion as to whether the Catholic Church is a hierarchy or a democracy.] F RENCH DOMINICAN YVES CONGAR (1904 expressed a desire to be an Aeolian harp upon which the Spirit of God would blow, releasing harmonious melodies. 1 His life of dedicated prayer, service, and scholarship were all signs of his fidelity to this calling. Indeed, Congar was not only an instrument of the Spirit of God, but also a theologian of the Spirit. Years before pneumatology became a prominent topic in Roman Catholic theology, he was addressing the theology of the Holy Spirit in many of his books and articles. 2 This work culminated in the three volume I Believe in the Holy Spirit and the subsequent monograph The Word and the Spirit. 3
Communio Viatorum, 2011
This article explores Yves Congar’s contribution to Vatican II and his influence on Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, especially. Author provides an analysis of Congar’s own diaries from the time of the Council as well as other relevant historical sources. The paper is divided into three sections. First section points out short introduction to the main Congar’s pre-Conciliar theological works. Second section refers to general historical information about forma-tion of Gaudium et Spes. Nevertheless, the main goal of this section is to present Congar’s original contribution to Gaudium et Spes regarding his diaries where he summarises the development of the Pastoral Constitution day by day. The analysis of Congar’s diaries discloses difficulties in the course of discussion about the relationship between the Church and the modern world. Third section explores Congar’s theological interpretations of Gaudium et Spes after the Council. The goal of this paper is not only to offer historical information about the origin and development of one of the most important Council documents. Apart from that, the author wants to open the discussion about hermeneutics of Vatican II regarding personal diaries as relevant historical sources for interpreting the Council.
The Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review, 2014
Worship, 2018
Yves Congar makes frequent references to the liturgy throughout his theological writings. In this essay, I explore the role of the Feast of the Nativity in the Christology of Congar, showing his attentiveness to the Dominican, Roman, and Eastern liturgies as well as the liturgical theology of Thomas Aquinas.
Any sophisticated discussion of a Catholic perspective on ecumenism can hardly proceed without acknowledging the contributions of this century's best known Catholic theologian on ecumenism, Yves M.-J. Congar, O.P. Our hearts rejoiced a year ago when he was made a cardinal of the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II on Nov. 24, 1994. That joy is now mixed with some sadness. Cardinal Congar died this year on June 22. But because of our Christian belief that in death life has changed, not ended, we can now rely on the ceaseless intercession of Cardinal Congar that one of his deepest desires may be realized - visible reunion among Christian Churches.
Theological Studies, 2001
The author highlights one of the primary contributions of Yves Congar's pneumatology. In contrast to early-20th-century Roman Catholic theology that divorced reflection on the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in the human person from a systematic ecclesiology, Congar developed a theology of personal indwelling that was inseparable from a theology of the Church. The author then illustrates the fruitfulness of Congar's approach by using his theology constructively to address the postconciliar discussion as to whether the Catholic Church is a hierarchy or a democracy.] F RENCH DOMINICAN YVES CONGAR (1904 expressed a desire to be an Aeolian harp upon which the Spirit of God would blow, releasing harmonious melodies. 1 His life of dedicated prayer, service, and scholarship were all signs of his fidelity to this calling. Indeed, Congar was not only an instrument of the Spirit of God, but also a theologian of the Spirit. Years before pneumatology became a prominent topic in Roman Catholic theology, he was addressing the theology of the Holy Spirit in many of his books and articles. 2 This work culminated in the three volume I Believe in the Holy Spirit and the subsequent monograph The Word and the Spirit. 3
Generous Orthodoxies: Essays on the History and Future of Ecumenical Theology (Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2020), 2020
This chapter outlines the biography of the "father of Roman Catholic ecumenism," Yves Congar, and analyzes the theological principles that support Congar's ecumenism. While some today might find aspects of Congar's thought passé and unhelpful in progressing ecumenism, I argue that it is precisely these aspects that make Congar's thought still relevant today.
2008
There is no better ecumenical learning or formation nowadays than to seek direct encounter with someone of a high ecumenical calibre and related lifelong experience. This paper intends to highlight and appraise some aspects of the French ecumenist Yves Congar's theological endeavour in the light of his personal testimony, and their relevancefor today's ecumenical learning. Since the theological productivity of Congar (1904-1995) is massive, more than 1,800 books, articles, and translations, there shall be no attempt of a comprehensive assessment of his work. 1nstead, this paper presents seven fundamental points in the French Dominican's ecumenical learning experience. These include his willingness: (i) to abide by a strong faith and to testify an attitude of openness towards any other, (ii) to consolidate a mutual deepening of one's traditions, (iii) to carlY out personal sacrifices as a commitment towards Christian unity, (iv) to be 'aware of' and to show 'concern towards' others, (v) to insist on the 'fullness' and the 'purity' of the Church, (vi) to exercise a careful re-reading of other traditions, and (vii) to enhance creativity in the development of ecumenical thought.1n view of these main ideas, this article concludes that ecumenical formation and learning implies and testifies to nothing else except fidelity and faithfulness. A. Ecumenism: Formation and Experience Non scholae, sed vitae discimus.! The French ecumenist Yves Congar would unquestionably agree with Seneca that 'we learn, not for school, but for life'. In other words, education is more than just learning (or teaching). Education, in the words of the W orId Council of Churches (WCC), is about 'daring to know, do, *10hn A. Berry is a postgraduate student at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. I. Seneca minor, Epistulae morales ad Luciliulll, epistula CV!. I must say that I am indebted to Vladimir Fedorov who uses this Latin adage as the heading of his article appearing in The Ecumenical Review 57 (2005) 42-49. 2. Cf. http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/education/index-e.html. 3. In 1982, after fifty years of effort, the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches proposed to the churches a common statement on Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry. Then, Pope John Paul II issued Ut Unum Sint in 1996, a far-reaching document full of vision and hope that all Christian people and all their respective churches and ecclesial communities indeed might be one. In 1999, Lutherans and Roman Catholics signed a Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, coming to essential agreement on the fundamental issue that divided them nearly 500 years ago. In the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America has entered into full communion with the Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church, the United Church of Christ, the Reformed Church in America, the Moravian Church, with dialogues that will hopefully lead to full communion in progress with the United Methodist Church and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). 4. Simon Oxley argues that nowadays "ecumenical formation" rather than being "yet another module to be added to the theological education curriculum, the training course or the Christian education programme", it is a "necessity". He continues, "it is, therefore, vital that ecumenical formation permeate all our learning-formal and informal". Cf. Simon Oxley, "Editorial", in The Ecumenical Review 57 (2005) 1-2. 5. The idea of 'ecumenical formation' (or 'education') appeared for the first time in a joint document entitled the Gazzada statement issued by the Pontifical Council for the Laity and the World Council of churches (WCC) in 1965. Initially, the topic of formation was discussed in Catholic fora organised by the Catholic Action on the initiatives of Pope Pius XII. These, in turn, resulted in three large world congresses on the lay apostolate held in Rome (1951, 1957 and 1967). In this light, the 1965 Gazzada statement is hailed as an ecumenical landmark promoting "laity formation", hence placing formation in relation to the lay apostolate. For the text of the Gazzada statement, see The Laity Today: Bulletin of the Pontifical Councilfor the Laity, no. 19-20, 1975, 101-103. One can also consult the report of a 1974 ecumenical consultation on "New Trends in Laity Formation" (Assisi) and the "Note on Semantics", appearing in the same Bulletin.
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