Disability

Third World Quarterly, 2011

The international development community is beginning to recognise that people with disabilities constitute among the poorest and most vulnerable of all groups and thus must be a core issue in development policies and programmes. Yet, the relationship between disability and poverty remains ill-defined and under-researched, with few studies providing robust and verifiable data that examines the intricacies of this relationship. A second, linked issue is the need for-and current lack of-criteria to assess whether and how disability-specific and disability 'mainstreamed' or 'inclusive' programmes work in combating the exclusion, marginalisation and poverty of people with disabilities. This article reviews existing knowledge and theory regarding the disability/poverty nexus. Using both established theoretical constructs and field based data, it attempts to identify what knowledge gaps exist and need to be addressed with future research. The article also discusses some of the inherent challenges in developing appropriate and effective indicators by which disability issues in poverty alleviation initiatives might be evaluated. These include the need to understand the implications of the poverty/disability nexus not just at the individual, but also at the household and community level. Moreover, there is a need to understand the links between disability and poverty not simply at one point in time, but as an evolving concern over the course of an individual's lifetime-and as something that may in fact, have implication over several generations. Finally, what becomes of impoverished people with disabilities when other members of their communities begin to benefit from successful international development efforts? Do their lives improve as part of

2006

A physical, sensory, intellectual or behavioural condition. Disability: A complex system of restrictions imposed on people with impairments resulting in a denial of rights and equal opportunities. Disabled people or people with disabilities: The chosen terminology of the disability movement varies between cultures and languages. In this document we have used disabled people, as this is favoured in the UK. In some countries the disability movement prefers 'people with disabilities'. Models of Disability: Medical Model: Disabled people are defined by their impairment and medical/technical solutions offered to alleviate their impairment-an individualistic approach that does not look at social barriers. Charity Model: Disabled people are to be pitied and helped. There is no recognition of equal rights or the role that discrimination plays. Social Model: This model sees disability as the social consequence of having an impairment. The inequities faced by disabled people can only be overcome if the structure of society is changed.

Disability and poverty, 2011

Geography Compass, 2007

R. (2007) 'Disability and development : dierent models, dierent places.', Geography compass., 1 (3). pp. 448-466.

Cuadernos Constitucionales De La Catedra Fadrique Furio Ceriol, 2008

Several recent studies, promoted mainly by the World Bank, have underlined and statistically confirmed the close relation existing between disability and poverty, mostly due to the survival of historical social and cultural prejudices which consider persons with disabilities as useless for the society. From this perspective, it becomes clear that public policies aimed to break such a link are likely to achieve simultaneously two purposes: guarantee the equality of opportunities for persons with disabilities, and contribute to the reduction of poverty. To reach these goals, direct economic aids to persons with disabilities are not enough, and not even the most important instrument: conversely, the emphasis must be placed on politics to promote the access of disabled persons to education and employment. These are the ideas that I intend to develop in the following pages, in which I will try to provide some basic guidelines for public disability policies, closely following the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereinafter referred to as «the Convention»), approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization on the 13th of December 2006, and which entered into force on the 3rd of May 2008 (after the ratification of 20 countries required by Article 45.1).

2017

Official statistics on disability in the world are estimated at 15-20%. Disability is still an important development issue with an increasing body of evidence showing that persons with disabilities experience worse socioeconomic outcomes and poverty than persons without disabilities. In Zambia, there has not been much information on finding out why persons with disabilities have not been able to access services despite the provisions available through policies and Legislation. This study therefore examined the reasons why persons with disabilities have not been able to access these services. It looked at the three thematic areas being: (1) Resource Distribution among persons with Disabilities; (2) Statutory Instruments on Disability; and (3) Sustainability. Taking Monze constituency as a case study, the variables were measured and tested using the mixed methods of interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Analysis of the data collected from a sample of 100 respondents shows a s...

Disability is not a 'health problem'; however some people with disabilities do have increased health needs, and all people with disabilities have the same right to access health services as others. The number of people living with disabilities is increasing, due partly to increasing numbers of people living with the consequences of chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases. Based on recommendations of the World Report on Disability, which provides the parameters for research, this paper sets out a research agenda calling for a considerable research programme on social, civil, and economic impacts of living with disability, arising from whatever cause, including communicable and non-communicable diseases; significant global health policy revisions; identification of constraints and facilitators in access to healthcare for people with disabilities; development of a robust evidence base for implementing the new guidelines on community-based rehabilitation; innovations in addressing human resource challenges faced by disability and rehabilitation service-providers; development of enabling technologies that focus on individuals' aspirations and social gain; preparedness for responding to the needs of people with disabilities in disaster situations; and the application of disability metrics to strengthen health systems.

2012

Development theory, policy and practice have undergone considerable change since the end of Second World War in 1945. In this period development has increasingly come to be understood as a process that must involve the "poor". And within development discourse, there is little disagreement that disabled people are amongst the poorest (Elwan, 1999; Katsui, 2007). According to the Asian Development Bank (2000:1), "poverty and disability reinforce each other." However, although poverty affect both men and women worldwide (Welch, 2002), available literature on women and poverty (Buvinic, 1997; Omar, 2011) suggest that women"s lives are characterised by increased poverty levels when compared to their male counterparts. This is largely due to women"s subordinate status, which is compounded by the presence of impairment (Welch, 2002). This study explores the experiences of disabled people in development processes in Binga, a district of Zimbabwe shaped by Tonga culture and characterised by political oppression and isolation. Twenty disabled adults in three wards contributed accounts of their life experiences in narrative interviews. Interviews were also held with government officers, traditional community leaders (chiefs, councillors) and a representative of a national disability organization to elicit their understanding and awareness of disabled people"s participation in development processes. Four focus group discussions with disabled and non-disabled people were held and six village and ward committee meetings observed to gain a deeper understanding of public attitudes to disabled people. iv Despite the modernising effects of globalisation in Zimbabwe, Tonga cultural beliefs still dominated understanding about the causes and implications of bodily impairment. Disabled people summarily defined and subjected to negative stereotyping, experienced pernicious social exclusion from community life, starting with low family expectations and aspirations, limited access to education and persistent exclusion from opportunities to take responsibility as citizens of their own communities. But employing Sen"s capability framework, conceptualisation of development as freedom and considerations of justice, brings new insights not only into understanding disabled people"s experiences of exclusion, but also possible ways in which disabled people could be included in the development processes of villages and wards in which they live. v

Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks, 2017

This chapter sets the conceptual framework for the book. It introduces a new model, the human development model of disability, health and wellbeing, based on Amartya Sen's capability approach. Disability is defined as a deprivation in terms of functioning and/or capability among persons with health conditions and/or impairments. The human development model highlights in relation to wellbeing the roles of resources, conversion functions, agency, and it uses capabilities and/or functionings as metric for wellbeing. It does not consider impairments/health conditions as individual characteristics; instead, they are themselves determined by resources, structural factors, and personal characteristics, and thus the model is informed by the socioeconomic determinants of health literature. This chapter also compares the human development model to the main disability models used in the literature. The notion of disability is enigmatic, even confusing. The term itself 'disability' has negative connotations, which is no surprise given the prefix 'dis' meaning 'absence' or 'negation'. Beyond the everyday semantic CHAPTER 2