A critical overview on Quantum Computing

IRJET, 2022

Quantum theory is one of the most advanced and progressive fields of science today. It has given way to new horizons in modern technology. It has also opened the possibility of expressing and communicating information in different ways. Up until now the information was always expressed and communicated through physical or digital ways. In this paper we provide an in-depth look into the major concerns of Quantum computing and Quantum machine learning.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN SCIENCES, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, 2022

In this busy world, there is an estimation of 3.5 exabytes of information data been generated in a single day and the data is shared on more than 10 million computing devices. As We, human beings are wholeheartedly dependent on the digital based computing devices for knowledge sharing by means of text and image information for each and every commotion of the day. Now, the sustenance of life without computing is considered as perplexed. As per a report submitted by association of semiconductor industries which states that by 2040, it is not possible to provide power to computer machine which is available in good running conditions present throughout the globe. It’s a known fact that the fundamental functionality of a computer system to modify and save the information data. Presently all the computer systems are using the classical technique to manipulate the data using single bits that stores the information data in form of 0’s and 1’s. [1To overcome the inability stated by semiconductor industry, the quantum physics has come up with a new concept which specifies that the quantum elements have the tendency to move in both directions i.e. fore and rear directions and its presence can be felt in both places at same time and travel itself instantly]1. This peculiar tendency of quantum particles had lead to quantum computing. The most critical property of quantum computing is its enhanced asset for characterization and construction of information data. A mechanism is developed to work on various operations for computation of information data. Qubits i.e quantum bits are used in Quantum computing, it consist of a third state excluding the traditional data states 0 and 1.Hence the time duration taken by quantum computing to modify the information data is much lesser than that of traditional computing. In this paper, we try to explore the concepts of quantum computing, how it is related to physics, how it can be used and implemented

Literature, 2023

Quantum computing has collected substantial attention from a wide range of individuals. It shows a fresh methodology for information processing by leveraging the unique properties of quantum mechanics, including superposition and entanglement. These properties facilitate quantum computers to execute tasks that are either difficult or very difficult for classical computers. The prospective impact of quantum computing presents to various scientific and technological domains, incorporating cryptography, artificial intelligence, optimization, simulation, and machine learning. Nonetheless, the reasonable implementation and effectiveness of quantum computing are stalled by several difficulties, such as scalability, error correction, and decoherence. Although these challenges, this document aims to provide a concise and easily understandable introduction to the fundamental concepts and principles of quantum computing, while also exploring its current and future applications and the hurdles it faces.

Combining physics, mathematics and computer science, quantum computing has developed in the past two decades from a visionary idea to one of the most fascinating areas of quantum mechanics [4]. If the bits of computer are scaled down to the size of individual atom, then it can change the nature of computation itself. In that case the function of such a quantum computer may consist of a superposition of many computations carried out simultaneously. This can solve many computational problem such as factoring of large integers , tractable. This research paper gives an overview of quantum computer, description of qubit, difference between quantum and silicon computer.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2012

If the bits of computers are someday scaled down to the size of individual atoms, quantum mechanical effects may profoundly change the nature of computation itself. The wave function of such a quantum computer could consist of a superposition of many computations carried out simultaneously; this kind of parallelism could be exploited to make some important computational problems, like the prime factoring of large integers, tractable. However, building such a quantum computer would place undreamed of demands on the experimental realization of highly quantum-coherent systems; present-day experimental capabilities in atomic physics and other fields permit only the most rudimentary implementation of quantum computation. Keywords: Quantum Computing, Qubit, Bloch Spher, Quantum Circuits, Quantum Gates, Shor's algorithm.

Reports on Progress in Physics, 1998

The subject of quantum computing brings together ideas from classical information theory, computer science, and quantum physics. This review aims to summarise not just quantum computing, but the whole subject of quantum information theory. Information can be identified as the most general thing which must propagate from a cause to an effect. It therefore has a fundamentally important role in the science of physics. However, the mathematical treatment of information, especially information processing, is quite recent, dating from the mid-twentieth century. This has meant that the full significance of information as a basic concept in physics is only now being discovered. This is especially true in quantum mechanics. The theory of quantum information and computing puts this significance on a firm footing, and has lead to some profound and exciting new insights into the natural world. Among these are the use of quantum states to permit the secure transmission of classical information (quantum cryptography), the use of quantum entanglement to permit reliable transmission of quantum states (teleportation), the possibility of preserving quantum coherence in the presence of irreversible noise processes (quantum error correction), and the use of controlled quantum evolution for efficient computation (quantum computation). The common theme of all these insights is the use of quantum entanglement as a computational resource.

Quantum computing, a burgeoning field at the intersection of quantum mechanics and computer science, holds the promise of revolutionizing various sectors by offering unprecedented computational power. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of quantum computing, its current state, and future prospects. Key areas of application, including cryptography, optimization, and machine learning, are explored. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development and deployment of quantum computers.

Today's computers work on bits that exist as either 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition. Qubits represent atoms, ions, photons or electrons and their respective control devices that are working together to act as computer memory and a processor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today's most powerful supercomputers. A processor that can use registers of qubits will be able to perform calculations using all the possible values of the input registers simultaneously. This superposition causes a phenomenon called quantum parallelism, and is the motivating force behind the research being carried out in quantum computing. www.giapjournals.com/ijsrtm/ 628 computer could efficiently solve this problem using Shor's algorithm to find its factors. This ability would allow a quantum computer to decrypt many of the cryptographic systems in use today. In particular, most of the popular public key ciphers are based on the difficulty of factoring integers. These are used to protect secure Web pages, encrypted email, and many other types of data. Breaking these would have significant ramifications for electronic privacy and security. An example of this is a password cracker that attempts to guess the password for an encrypted file (assuming that the password has a maximum possible length).

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014

Quantum computing is a new and emerging field which shows great promise. It abandons the traditional approach of using transistors to store and update logical data, instead using subatomic particles(most often electrons) for the same purpose. The aim is to introduce the topic of quantum computing in a manner which would prove understandable to the reader by eliminating unnecessary jargon. The necessity of using quantum computing in order to keeping up with current advancements and the needs of new computing systems will be made apparent. The field of quantum computing is relatively new and much of the research and effort going into developing it is nascent. If the potential can be harnessed, however, the prospects of using quantum computers to solve problems which cannot be solved using their traditional counterparts hold great promise.

2011

Quantum computer is the current topic of research in the field of computational science, which uses principles of quantum mechanics. Quantum computers will be much more powerful than the classical computer due to its enormous computational speed. Recent developments in quantum computers which are based on the laws of quantum mechanics, shows different ways of performing efficient calculations along with the various results which are not possible on the classical computers in an efficient period of time. One of the most striking results that have obtained on the quantum computers is the prime factorization of the large integer in a polynomial time. The idea of involvement of the quantum mechanics for the computational purpose is outlined briefly in the present work that reflects the importance and advantages of the next generation of the 21st century classical computers, named as quantum computers, in terms of the cost as well as time period required for the computation purpose. Pres...