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This paper discusses the integrated perspective of adult learning, emphasizing the interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in shaping individuals' experiences. It critiques the historical tendency to study these aspects in isolation and advocates for a more holistic approach. Personal reflections and experiences in diverse educational settings underscore the importance of accommodating unique student backgrounds and learning styles.
Education as Change, 2011
The advances in brain-based researches, new insights about the brain and how it works have all led to rich developments, ideas and principles that can be used in educational settings. In this research, three main factors, relaxed alertness, orchestrated immersion and active processing , have been considered as essential phases for a complementary learning environment. Moreover, the twelve main principles of brain-based research and how these might apply to learning and teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) formed the basis for the brain-based part of this study. As far as the e-learning part is concerned, a course website was created and designed according to brain-based principles. The purpose of this experimental study is to examine if there is a significant relationship between brain-based e-learning and grammar translation method in middleschool students' academic achievements and attitudes towards an English course taught in Turkey. In this study, a course unit with a brain-based learning approach supported with e-learning strategy was studied in an experimental group that consisted of 68 seventh grade students; in the control group, 34 students studied the same unit using a grammar translation method for four weeks. The findings obtained at the end of this study were that the experimental group students' academic achievements in the unit with brain based e-learning were higher than the control group students' academic achievements in the unit (ie the group that used a grammar translation method). That said, no significant difference was found in terms of attitudes between students in the experimental and control groups.
International Journal of Science Education, 1998
This paper reports a qualitative study of the learning environment of a Year 11 Biology class. The research was originally framed in a constructivist epistemology, but was also informed by an emancipatory interest. The main methods used for data gathering were participant observation, interviewing, and a written response survey (CES, Tobin, 1993a). It was found that, even though the students viewed the class positively, and described themselves as highly motivated to learn, the level of cognitive engagement was affected by two interrelated factors: the control the teacher had over almost all activities, and student beliefs about learning in this context. The data suggests that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which could lead to deep involvement in learning are constrained by a preponderance of teacher-centred methods of instruction. A model is proposed relating intrinsic and extrinsic interest to cognitive engagement. It is concluded that more activities should be used which either implicitly or explicitly reinforce positive beliefs about the need for self-direction in learning. A personal perspective has been included in this paper to indicate the non-linearity of the development of theory.
Higher Education, 1979
C. A. Parker (ed.), (1978). Encouraging Development in College Students. Minneapolis:
2015
Reproduction of this material for education purposes is welcomed,
Applied Developmental Science
This article draws out the implications for school and classroom practices of an emerging consensus about the science of learning and development, outlined in a recent synthesis of the research. Situating the review in a developmental systems framework, we synthesize evidence from the learning sciences and several branches of educational research regarding well-vetted strategies that support the kinds of relationships and learning opportunities needed to promote children's well-being, healthy development, and transferable learning. In addition, we review research regarding practices that can help educators respond to individual variability, address adversity, and support resilience, such that schools can enable all children to find positive pathways to adulthood. This work is situated in a relational developmental systems framework that looks at the "mutually influential relations between individuals and contexts" (Lerner & Callina, 2013, p. 373). This framework makes it clear how children's development and learning are shaped by interactions among the environmental factors, relationships, and learning opportunities they experience, both in and out of school, along with physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and emotional processes that influence one another-both biologically and functionally-as they enable or undermine learning (Fischer & Bidell, 2006; Rose, Rouhani, and Fischer, 2013). Although our society and our schools often compartmentalize these developmental processes and treat them as distinct from one another-and treat the child as distinct from the many contexts she experiences-the sciences of learning and development demonstate how tightly interrelated they are and how they jointly produce the outcomes for which educators are responsible. Key insights from the science of learning and development are that the brain and the development of intelligences and capacities are malleable, and the "development of the brain is an experience-dependent process" (Cantor et al., 2018, p. 5), which activates neural pathways that permit new kinds of thinking and
International Journal of Science Education, 1998
Guidebook 1 described important characteristics of successful learners that emerged from three research perspectives we discussed--cognitive, philosophical, and multicultural. Guidebook 2 explores the implications of this view of successful learners for curriculum. Given the importance of these characteristics for our conception of a "thinking curriculum," we briefly review them here. Knowledgeable learners acquire a substantial and organized body of knowledge which they can use fluently to make sense of the world, solve problems, and make decisions. They can also evaluate the limitations of their knowledge and their perspectives on the world. Self-determined learners feel capable and continually strive to acquire and use the tools they need to learn. Strategic learners have a repertoire of thinking and learning strategies that they use with skill and purpose to think about and control their own learning and guide their learning of new content. Finally, empathetic learners are able to view themselves and the world from perspectives other than their own, including perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds. A major goal of restructuring in general and thinking curricula in particular is to develop these qualities in all students.
Proceedings of the 5th SEA-DR (South East Asia Development Research) International Conference 2017 (SEADRIC 2017), 2017
This paper discussed the ways teachers create an atmosphere of teaching and learning so that they are able to develop the utmost of their potential. The theoretical approach was used to provide an analysis on the process and the learning outcomes as well as the factors that influence it. Learning outcomes is meant as a tool to maintain the dynamics of life in the face of accelerating change both psychologically and economically. The ability to adjust to changes is indication of the performance levels of education. Several views about the concept of learning including the theory of stimulus-response, trait theory, the theory of the constitution, the theory of factors, the classical theory and the theory of reinforcement-operand shared the point that the process of learning requires a condition that allows learners to develop their potential to be able to adjust to the demands and needs. Learning difficulties occurs when selfweakness is assumed and beyond learner circumstances. Teacher behavior, the learner external factor, is a key factor in the creation of learning atmosphere. Teacher's expertise in understanding individual learners and directing them to accept, understand and reach the full potential, help learners determine the level of the atmosphere created in learning. Diagnosing learners' difficulties are also necessary in accordance with the stages so that learners are able to make adjustments on the tasks of development. In conclusion, attitudes and behavior of teachers play an important role in creating a learning environment that supports the development of students' utmost potentials.
The emerging educational horizons in the 21st century world have opened up new vistas of education especially in our country. The global era that we are passing now has undoubtedly its own imperatives on all aspects of education. The schools and colleges are demanding environments because so many different personalities gather together in a confined area where they are expected to interact according to established rules of accepted emotional and social behavior. The purpose of teaching is to increase the capacity to develop new configurations of knowledge grounds to the teacher as well as the students. Each learner has a different process and may not proceed linearly through the teaching learning process, instead makes loops or zigzag. Only an effective teaching methodology can create such loops in the cognitive domain of students. The teaching methodology should be strong enough to craft numerous neural connections which can ensure learning assimilations. It is far more important that students explain their thinking to teachers than teachers explain their thinking. In this research the investigator has used Brain-based Learning as innovative teaching methodology. The Brain-based learning is an interdisciplinary answer to the question of, " What is the most effective way of the brain's learning mechanism? " Brain-based learning is an effective teaching technique that represents abstract or complex content matter in to simple and meaningful scaffolds and it has the potential to delay the learning platue since it provides great scope for interaction among and between students and teachers. The present research focuses on the 'Effect of Brain-Based Learning on Academic Achievement in Biology, Stress and Study Habits of VIII Standard Students'. The study carried out with the following objectives; i) to develop instructional material based on the principles of brain-based learning'. ii) To compare experimental and control groups on pre-test scores of a) Academic Achievement b) Stress c) Study Habits.iii) To compare experimental and control groups on post-test scores of a) Academic Achievement b) Stress c) Study Habits. The present study has formulated the following null hypotheses: 1). There is no significant difference between experimental and control groups on pre-test scores of a) Academic Achievement b) Stress c) Study Habits of students .2) There is no significant difference between the experimental and control groups on post-test scores of a) Academic Achievement b) Stress c) Study Habits of students. The study reveals that brain-based learning is a constructive, domain specific strategy to holistic education. It has the potential to stimulate the optimal learning among students in very relaxed and enriched learning environment. The article discusses on the major effects of Brain-based Learning on the academic achievement, stress and study habits of students and the implications of these research outcomes to the benefits of students and teachers as major stakeholders.
Gile Journal of Skills Development, 2021
Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) is a transdisciplinary area that joins neuroscience, psychology, and education to inform teaching practices and educational policy with research that can be translated into applicable and reflective tenets and principles of how students learn more effectively. It is well established in the MBE literature that what leads students to success are not only cognitive abilities but also beliefs and attitudes towards learning, which forms a complex and multifaceted universe with different levels of influence. This study has conducted a literature review on the contributions of MBE concerning these beliefs and attitudes and attempted to summarise them into a useful guide that might help students reflect on their academic achievement throughout life. Four essential elements were analysed and discussed, namely: growth mindset, metacognition, self-efficacy, and neuroplasticity. It is argued that these concepts are of paramount importance to anyone who wishes to accomplish both academic and career goals and they are aligned with the notion of lifelong learning.
cites several findings of relevance to university students, relationships and workplaces. To summarize this discussion in advance: students who have a Growth Mind-set (abilities and performance can be improved with effort and strategy) focus on the "process" of learning. These students tend to become higher achievers than students who have the Fixed-Mind set (ability and "IQ" are fixed and cannot be changed or improved). Interestingly, students with the Fixed Mind-set tend to focus on their "IQ" and "ability" rather than applying effort and strategies to change and improve their performance.
GiLE Journal of Skills Development, 2021
Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) is a transdisciplinary area that joins neuroscience, psychology, and education to inform teaching practice and educational policy with research that can be translated into applicable and reflective tenets and principles of how students learn more effectively. It is well established in the MBE literature that what leads students to success are not only cognitive abilities but also beliefs and attitudes towards learning, which forms a complex and multifaceted universe with different levels of influence. This study has conducted a literature review on the contributions of MBE concerning these beliefs and attitudes and attempted to summarize them into a useful guide that might help students reflect on their academic achievement throughout life. Four essential elements were analysed and discussed, namely: growth mindset, metacognition, self-efficacy, and neuroplasticity. It is argued that these concepts are of paramount importance to anyone who wishes to ...
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