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2014
In this talk, I review a Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) plan of action to increase the number of Africans studying in China with Chinese government support. This commitment from the Chinese government has led to a conspicuous presence of Africans in Chinese universities. I outline the issues and challenges that African students, especially newly-arrived ones, face ‐ from problems in using Chinese as a language of instruction to cross-cultural challenges in cuisine and other aspects of the Chinese society. The data derive mainly from questionnaire surveys and interviews in Chongqing in 2009, where in that year alone over 50 Africans arrived to study science, engineering, and other courses in one of the universities in that city. The experiences of these students both strengthen and challenge a cross-cultural
Journal of African Cultural Studies
This roundtable on China-Africa "position and positionality" 1 was produced during the first half of 2020, a time of isolation, dislocation and loneliness for many of us. The contributions have been written in a space and time which has given us new insights into how power and location shape our relationship to knowledge production, and how the work we do is enabled, or made impossible, by the infrastructures to which we have access because of our passports, our institutional affiliations and the strength and reliability of our internet signal. The impetus for the roundtable was a one-day conference held at SOAS, University of London, in January 2020as the Covid-19 virus was already reconfiguring mobility and sociality. 2 At this event, "Chinese Positionality: A Reflective Discussion on Conducting Research in Africa", a group of scholars came together to discuss questions related to producing knowledge about Africa while being, or being perceived as, "Chinese". Many of the questions raised in that one-day forum (described in more detail in Weidi Zheng's contribution to this issue) resonate with African scholars who have for some time now interrogated how expertise is manufactured in "African Studies", and who have reflected critically on the benefits and disadvantages of "nativist" projects that privilege insider knowledge production. There are complex forms of gatekeeping that prevent Africa-based scholars from circulating, and from becoming the leading experts; at the same time some people demand that only Africans (however that identity and positionality is defined) are entitled to "know" Africa, so as to bypass or resist "Western" ways of knowing. Related questions are being asked by a new generation of Chinese scholars, many of whom have received their training in the West, and who have studied and worked in a range of locations. Their experiences resonate with the discussions African scholars have about the object of "African Studies" for Africans, and whether it is ethical for someone other than Africans to study Africa (Mama 2007). The mobility and relative privilege of this generation of scholars also has some parallels with the vexed and vexing topic of Afropolitanism, and the self-scrutiny that has been published in earlier issues of this journal. 3
2012
While there is much discussion on Africa-China relations, the focus tends to lean more on the Chinese presence in Africa than on the African presence in China. There are numerous studies on the former but, with the exception of a few articles on the presence of African traders and students in China, little is known of the latter, even though an increasing number of Africans are visiting and settling in China and forming migrant communities there. This is a phenomenon that has never happened before the turn of the century and has thus led to ...
International Affairs and Global Strategy, 2018
This interview with one of the Chinese famous scholars who moved forward the Africa-China relations, provides some understanding on the ongoing educational cooperation and exchange between both sides. In this interview, Prof. Liu Hongwu answers to the interviewer's questions concerning the role that education has to play in the process of mutual understanding and support between African countries and China. It also presents and discusses the interconnections between Chinese Culture, History and Education and the challenges to be faced by both educational systems.
International Journal of Learning and Development, 2019
Culture adaption is based on norms, customs and language, which entails moving from different classes and voluntary immigration. This qualitative and quantitative research paper is exploring the new ideas and fondness of interchange personalities of students, who are studying in different universities and in different cities of Jiangsu province. The empirical analysis of this study is investigated that those African students who have a well-educated and oriented in their own specialization but still in case of language they have faced some tactical challenges with different race and nations. Furthermore, the African students not directly integrate with Chinese culture comparatively other nations of students. However, some proposals will be offered to help African students’ living and learning. Additionally, to develop the relationship by state with new ideas and to improve the business policies from African countries.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014
Due to the prominent position China holes in the global economy, there is now an increasing demand, worldwide, to learn Chinese as a foreign language. However, most non-native speakers regard CFL as a very difficult language to master. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative inquiry into student experiences of CFL study in universities in China and South Africa. CFL programmes offered by a substantial number of Chinese universities are well-established and provide foreign students who want to study CFL with an attractive opportunity. In South Africa, the progressive development of CFL programmes, currently offered by four major universities, has been modest but steady. Using an interpretative approach, this paper explores (through in-depth interviews) the lived experiences of two groups of full-time CFL students in different sociolinguistic settings. Participants were chosen using purposeful sampling carried out in three selected universities in China and the four South African institutions mentioned above. The results identify differences in course delivery, classroom communication and language support outside the classroom. Despite the differences created by the widely differing contexts of CFL acquisition in China and in South Africa, participants shared similar experiences regarding emotional dimensions of language learning, academic 'push and pull' and specific difficulties of CFL acquisition. The paper concludes with a discussion of findings and recommendations to enhance CFL in both contexts.
Asian Ethnicity, 2020
African students’ mobility to China is growing – making China the second most popular destination for African students studying abroad, after France. Generally, due to the pervasive poverty and inequality in African states, educational mobility is a means to escape individual socio-economic challenges for the transformation of lives. However, is the African students’ mobility to China able to achieve those expectations? Through a critical analysis of current scholarship in African student education mobility the paper explores the underlying material and ideational motivations of China’s education support in Africa. In probing Africans’ educational mobility to China, the paper pushes the boundaries of enquiry beyond the surface of affordable education. Examining the asymmetries emerging from African students’ mobility to China and questioning the bridging effect of educational mobility, the paper finds that education aid and development in Africa have always been a factor of external powers’ domestic and foreign interests.
Critical Inquiry in Language Studies , 2020
This study reports on two students of color studying abroad in China and examines the dialectic between their interpretation of American racism and their agency to study in China and speak Chinese. There have been steady increases in the number of ethnically minoritized students among the study abroad population, but students of color typically travel to places associated with their ethnolinguistic heritage. Existing research exploring study abroad students of color also tends to examineeither exclusively or partiallyheritage learners with ethnolinguistic or ethnocultural affiliations to their destinations. This study switches the focus to black and brown American students learning Chinese in China. The results shed light on the relationship between structural racism they encounter in the U.S. and their agency to seek a place as an alternative to white dominance and enact a discourse against American racism. However, paradoxically, they also dismissed the racialization that they experienced in China as simple gestures of curiosity. These findings illustrate the potential of foreign language learning to engage students from disenfranchised groups in the critical discussion of race relationships.
In September 1997 when I arrived in Hong Kong to take up a position at the University of Hong Kong, the east Asian financial crisis, which began in July of that year and lasted until 1998, was already in full swing. Little did I or anyone at the time know that this now well-documented event (eg, Mitton, 2002) would have pivotal consequences for a dramatic increase in African migration into China in the 21st century. Many Africans who were located in commercial centers such as Bangkok in Thailand, Jakarta in Indonesia, Kuala Lumpur in
Asian Ethnicity, 2020
Relations between China and African nations have intensified following the ratification of several multilateral and bilateral developmental agreements, especially after the third Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) summit in 2006. In the past decade, the relations have transcended to the micro-level, with important implications for households and individuals. Of note are the varying forms of population migration between the two places for reasons ranging from business ventures, education, asylum-seeking and family making and reunification. Using various primary and secondary data sources, the seven articles in this special issue delve into the wellbeing, social identities and different kinds of socio-cultural and economic inequalities of Africans in China and Chinese in Africa. Altogether, the articles affirm that policies and mechanisms to ensure decent living conditions, enhanced sense of belonging and social equity among Africans in China and Chinese in Africa are critical to the future of China-Africa relations.
Open Access Library Journal, 2019
In most normal universities in China, Confucian lessons are included in the international students study programs. This is because Confucianism is the most prevalent deep rooted historical philosophy in China. It is based on the teachings of Confucius (551- 479 B.C.), a virtuous man who never wanted to be associated with insincerity, immorality and corruption. Though he failed to implement his ideas when he was alive, he lived forever and became “a king without a crown” when his principles were accepted and implemented by Chinese authorities many hundred years later, and which has partly contributed to the current socio-economic landscape of China. In contrast, Africa continues to face a lot of challenges chiefly caused by moral degradation and poverty. Do Confucian lessons have an impact on the African students who study them? This paper qualitatively analyzed the views of ten former African students in China regarding Confucius and his philosophies, and their reflections on how Africans can benefit from the ideas and philosophies of this Great Sage. The key finding was that the majority of respondents acknowledged that they indeed took home a lot of lessons from their studies regarding Confucius and his philosophies. It was also noted that Confucius studies made the majority of these foreign students to understand the values of selflessness and virtuous life in leadership as well as the importance of expanding access of education for the benefit of all people. Africa can surely develop if leaders tap lessons from these kinds of philosophies.
Revue internationale de politique de développement, 2014
What is the nature of China's educational partnerships with Africa? This chapter examines China's investment in human resource development in Africa, especially in higher education, through several programmes including long-and short-term training of Africans in China, Confucius Institutes, stand-alone projects, and the 20+20 scheme for higher education cooperation between China and Africa. It investigates several apparent differences between China's aid discourse and practice and those of traditional Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) donors. It asks how the enduring continuity of China's discourse on mutual benefit and common good in educational aid can be explained. Can what looks like a one-way partnership in terms of financing really, in fact, be symmetrical?
2016
The purpose of this study was to explore the transitional experiences of African international students studying in Beijing, China. It was expected that an exploration of what students go through in their transitional process would help university student affairs personnel in the provision of effective services to the students. The study was qualitative in nature and employed a phenomenological study design which involved interviewing African students and also personnel from the student support department at one of the universities in Beijing. It was found that African international students are mainly grappling with issues of language, food, culture and the education system in their new environment. It was also established that technology, Chinese lessons, and local friends are particularly useful in helping them with transition. However, the study has shown that African students do not make effective use of the support services that are available at the university. Therefore the s...
Submission guidelines and Web submission system are available at The aim of this paper is to examine the implications of China-Nigeria economic/trade relations on international cultural education, through the adoption of Chinese language in Nigerian public and private primary and secondary schools. This study is based on qualitative educational orientation, and the exploratory literature review and descriptive case study designs. Qualitative content analysis was used to elucidate and include citations from the reviewed literature data, and for description of the case studies. Findings of the study show that China-Nigeria economic partnership re-shaped Nigeria's current language educational policy for inclusive international cultural education; promotion of global, peace, and citizenship education; development and improvement of language instructional centers and personnel; and improving implementation challenges as delivery mechanism on pedagogy, resources, time, and financial cost. The study will incite further research by African countries currently implementing Chinese language and culture curriculum in schools and adult education centers. Confucius Institutes' research and development units across Africa can undertake research and come out with a unified Chinese language policy for schools and centers across Africa, a means of sustaining China-Africa partnership. China-Nigeria partnership on language and cultural education in primary and secondary schools has not been researched in any conventional research format prior to this article. The paper will be of value in interdisciplinary studies as international,
Cooperation between China and African countries has often been portrayed as an economic one. Despite multiple exchanges in the area of culture and knowledge production, not much is written about chinese culture in Africa or knowledge production interaction between both China and African countries. Just to give an example, each African major town has chinese restaurants and Africans like chinese food. But food is seen as an economic asset, not a cultural one. Chinese cuisine is not enough taken as scientific knowledge, but as professional economic skills. I want to argue that economics is not divorced from culture and academia. I further want to understand how culture and academia have also united Chinese and Africans for many centuries. African universities consume more western knowledge than chinese one, despite the fact that China offers alot in this regard as well. I want to show how African countries also offer alot to China in terms of knowledge production. I will choose few countries of Africa and examine how this cultural and academic exchange happens with China. My data are mainly from documentary research where I use content analysis. I seek to answer the following research questions: In what ways did the academic and cultural cooperation between China and African countries evolve? What can be done in order to make it more beneficial on both sides?
A recurring theme in general discussions about language is that Chinese is now the main language globally. Indeed, when measured by numbers of native speakers, the Chinese language is the world’s most widely spoken language. With a population of 1.38 billion people in China, mandarin is currently spoken by nearly one-fifth of the world’s population. Mandarin speakers can be found in mainland China, Taiwan, and diasporic Chinese communities throughout Southeast Asia, North and South America, and Europe. Since China is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, Chinese is also an “official” UN language, along with English, French, Spanish and German. Most of the world’s people are indeed speakers of Chinese. However, it is not all that clear what is meant by the term “Chinese” in such discussions. This is considering the fact that the term ‘Chinese’ is used to refer to classical Chinese, the language of the Mandarins, the modern standard spoken variety, the written language, or as an umbrella term for a whole cluster of Chinese language varieties. This study focuses on the Chinese language offered to African students studying in China and covers students who have undertaken their courses using the Chinese language. Learning Chinese opens up a unique window into one of the world’s most ancient civilizations. As soon as one begins to study the Chinese language, then the understanding of Chinese history, cultural values, philosophical and religious beliefs, and aesthetic traditions begins. The more proficient one becomes, the more they are able to appreciate and understand China’s past and present. This study focused on Africa and was based on primary and secondary data. Interviews were held with 20 African students. The objectives of the study were to: 1. Investigate the interests of African students in studying Chinese language 2. Document the usefulness of Chinese language to Chinese language students in Africa 3. Assess the networking and job prospects of African Chinese language graduates under “the Belt and Road” Initiative
Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR)
This article studies the sources from which Nigerian university students receive information about China. The awareness of the Nigerian youth about China's initiatives such as 'One Belt One Road' and 'Forum on China-Africa Cooperation' further discloses the perception of the students on the rise of China and its influence on global affairs. In addition, the study reveals how African students perceive China as a trade partner. The results indicate the internet and social media are major sources of awareness. Some students are somewhat aware of the Chinese initiatives, but others have never heard about these initiatives. The students think that China has influence in the World and African affairs and are neutral about the responsible behavior of China as a global power. Students are positive about the Chinese development model and are concerned about the influx of Chinese labor in Nigeria.
African East-Asian Affairs, 2014
Leadership and Developing Societies
According to Okoth-Okombo, language policy and economic development in Africa play a significant role in ensuring effective participation of large sectors of society in development activities and the public platform.[1] During a time when Sino-African trade and cooperation is at an all-time high, Confucius Institutes (CIs) have become important social funnels to signal cultural interdependency, while sensitizing the incumbent African workforce to the Chinese language and culture that awaits them within the new world order. Between the possibility of employment in increasingly numerous, African-based Chinese business ventures or the possibility to travel to China for further education, understanding the Chinese perspective has become more important than ever. [1] Okombo, Okoth (2001), ‘Language Policy: The Forgotten Parameter in African Development and Governance Strategies.’ (Nairobi: Univ. of Nairobi)
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