DISCUTINDO A PAISAGEM 2006

Álvaro Siza Vieira's swimming pools at Leça da Palmeira sowed the seeds of a disciplinary intrusion of architecture into the landscape. The topography of the site, wedged between the coastal road to the north of Porto and a cliff facing onto the Atlantic, is carved up, in the manner of Wright, by horizontal concrete dividing walls that, delimiting the paths and the basins of the pools, shape a new landscape.

2018

M. A. Aldarelli, G. Camarda, F. Comes, R. Fialová, C. Ficarra, L. Rongé, G. R. Krauss, G. Vitiello, F. Zoni, St. Peter’s Abbey as palimpsest, in Landascape as architecture. Identity and conservation of Crapolla cultural site, a cura di Valentina Russo, 2014

This article is about the landscape comprehension using concepts as a technic-scientific period and the informational media and the interfaces between technology and the infrastructures, becoming necessary the review the recent accumulated layers on the landscape. The cultural landscape transforming, the urban landscape layers, processed at the time. This new methology has an important role for the urban projects future applications. 1 An archeology (from Greek archei -ancient, plus logia -discourse, ordering) The landscape archaeology as an environmental project instrument Principles and Concepts for development in nowadays society -The landscape archaeology as an environmental project instrument 1480 In the late eighteenth century, from the pioneering excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Europe plunged into a fever of archaeological discoveries, motivated by the birth of modern scientific procedures and the richness of the legacy of the peninsula civilizations, the Greeks and Romans. Archeology, which according to PERINETTI:1975:13, was called by Plato "the history of the ancient heroes and races and of the origins of the city", was linked from then on to the monuments and artifacts of the ancient civilizations, whose search began to touch the Mediterranean, then Africa and later the Americas. As research progressed, deeper into remote time was entered and scientific possibilities allowed for more and more distant times to be specified. Overlapping archaeological layers began to be identified more precisely, and the idea of civilizational overlaps was finally proven in the 20th century. (TRIGGER:2004) Wars, forced domination of one city over another, trading interests and architectural typologies were revealed in successive layers, demonstrating the processes of reuse and subjugation of the weaker cultures, of the vanquished. Regionalisms started to be identified in time and Geography, discussed philosophically since ancient times, by the Greeks (MORAES: 2005: 49-58). It was now necessary to explain more concretely the spatialization of the finds. First, a physical geography, of a deterministic nature, and then, in the reading of the landscape, the discovery of the evolution of the view of nature, fruit of the discussion of the relations between society and its environment, bringing new parameters for the establishment of the so-called Human Geography, today an important basis in the discussions about Landscape. However, another phenomenon occurred, almost concomitantly: industrial civilization rushed to profoundly alter the geographical environments of its existence, causing urban agglomerations never before seen in the history of settlements. Cities, social artifacts, thus became an inexhaustible source of daily transformations of a landscape that starts to suffer overlaps of layers that are increasingly rapidly configured. Then the recognition of new forms of urbanization, through the implantation of large manmade geographical objects. It is unquestionable, then, the need for a new archeology of the landscape, based on the visible present, that finds the closest testimonies of the transformations and processes materialized and superimposed in a society of velocities. This is an industrial archeology of the landscape in the cities and urban extensions.

Two current visions of the landscape (Atena Editora), 2023

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2014

2018

Catalonia is a country with a wide variety of landscapes resulting from the continuous relationship between humans and the environment, traditional architecture being the result of this interaction. Thus, the different built elements, their distribution around the land and their forms and materials are key factors in the configuration of the landscape. Traditional architecture is constructed by the members of a given society based on the local building traditions. It is the outcome of shared knowledge passed on from one generation to the next and enriched by the personal experiences of the builders. For this reason, the traditional architecture of each society is linked both to the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural context and to local historical processes. It is adapted to the environment but is not merely the outcome of natural or technical conditions. The natural factors-climate, land morphology, materials-and technology limit the possibilities of building forms and adopting structures which have to do with society and culture. Constructions and land occupation reflect the economic system, the social organisation-social relations, politics, norms-and the culture-ideas on the relationship between humans and the environment, on ways of living and on aesthetic tastes.

ZARCH

El concepto de paisaje es, sobre todo, una construcción cultural que recoge la relación del hombre con su entorno y en la que se integran compresión y construcción del medio en un proceso iterativo. De este modo, el paisaje es al mismo tiempo constructo y construcción, puesto que implica una “lectura” y una “escritura” no solo comprensivas, sino creativas del lugar. La complejidad y el dilatado alcance del concepto de paisaje dan lugar a que en torno a él se aglutinen un amplio abanico de perspectivas, como las formuladas desde la ecología por Leopold, Carson o McHarg, o aquellas que, como las de Long y Smithson, provienen del mundo del arte. Y entre ambas, otras muchas de diferentes disciplinas como la arquitectura, la planificación o el diseño. Todas estas miradas surgen de nuevos marcos conceptuales ya enunciados por Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, Baudrillard, Delueze y Guattari y de su relación con pensamientos científicos, como los desarrollados por Lovelock, Prigogine o H...

The LINK Landscape Architecture and Ecology Doctoral Degree Program, a partnership between three universities (Lisbon’s Técnica and the universities of Oporto and Coimbra), was launched in 2009 with Lisbon hosting its first year before Coimbra took over in 2010 under the direction of Helena Freitas with Oporto running the 2011-2012 academic year supervised by Teresa Andresen. Sixteen doctorate holding professors form the program’s educational core combining to ensure the highest standards in landscape architecture and urban ecology research. The international scope of the LINK teaching program and its staff reflects our intention to endow the program with a global reach, with English as the common language, while nurturing its roots in Southern Europe. As from 2008, the contribution made by by Professor Carl Steinitz, a researcher and Professor at Harvard University throughout four decades, towards launching and running the program has underpinned the doctoral program’s approach to theoretical and practical teaching in the fields of landscape planning and design.