Jealousy is a Killer of Social Relationship

Erkenntnis, 2004

The conceptions of jealousy used by philosophical writers are various, and, this paper suggests, largely inadequate. In particular, the difference between jealousy and envy has not yet been plausibly specified. This paper surveys some past analyses of this distinction and addresses problems with them, before proposing its own positive account of jealousy, developed from an idea of Leila Tov-Ruach (a.k.a. A. O. Rorty). Three conditions for being jealous are proposed and it is shown how each of them helps to tell the emotion apart from some distinct species of envy. It is acknowledged that the referents of the two terms are, to some extent, overlapping, but shown how this overlap is justified by the psychologies of the respective emotions.

2012

Jealousy is an emotion that arises in diverse circumstances and is experienced in phenomenologically diverse ways. In part because of this diversity, evaluations of jealous subjects tend to be conflicting and ambiguous. Thus philosophers who are interested in the moral status of jealousy face a challenge: to explain how, despite the diversity of jealous subjects and experiences of jealousy, our moral evaluations of those subjects in light of those experiences might be unified. In this project, I confront and respond to this challenge, which I call the challenge of heterogeneity. In Part I, I refine and expand on existing descriptive accounts of jealousy, defending an account with three necessary but not sufficient conditions. On my view, if

Türk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry, 2006

In this study, the effects of personal, situational, and relational variables (such as age, gender, gender role orientation, duration of relationship, relational satisfaction, and physical attractiveness of the partner) on jealousy are investigated. A sample of 454 individuals currently involved in dating or marital relationships (48 % married, 52 % unmarried) completed the Romantic Jealousy Questionnaire, Bem Sex Role Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Stepwise regression analyses and 2 (gender) x2 (gender role orientation) x2 (relational type) ANOVA's were submitted for analyzing the data. Analysis indicated that unmarried people reported higher levels of jealousy than married people (F1-446 = 5.029). Married women reported less jealousy than unmarried women and married women reported more jealousy than married men. Age, relational satisfaction level, expectation level about the duration of the relationship, and physical attractiveness of the partner were unique predi...

Frontiers in Psychology, 2020

Envy is a negative emotion experienced in response to another person’s higher status. However, little is known about the composition of its most important element: status. The present research investigates the two main forms of social status (objective and subjective) in the generation of envy. In Study 1, participants recounted real-life situations when they felt envious; in Study 2 we examined whether the effect was the same in a controlled situation. We consistently found that those who were the most respected in the eyes of others were envied more than the richest ones. Furthermore, perceived deservingness of the superior other’s success differentiated between benign and malicious envy. Although previous studies focused on material comparisons when investigating envy, our results indicate that envy is rather a subjective social status related emotion. Not material, but social advantage of the superior other causes the most painful envy and future studies should put more emphasis...

The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1988

As a growing number of psychoanalysts turn away from traditional driveconflict and object-instinctual explanations of human dynamics, it becomes necessary to find alternative ways of thinking about behavior previously understood from these perspectives. Envy is one of the emotions in need of such a reexamination. Traditional explanations of envy pay little attention to the role of self-esteem in the development of the emotion and the defenses against it, despite the fact that most authors who write about it seem to recognize that narcissistic needs and issues of self-esteem frequently arise in connection with envy. Little has actually been written about envy as a whole since Klein's (1957) masterful exposition on the subject, although various authors have explored components of the emotion. Freud focused on the concept of penis envy rather than more generalized envy. Homey discussed the concepts of penis envy (1939) and vindictiveness (1948), and Rosenfeld (1971) wrote about the envyrelated wish to destroy both self and object. Eichenbaum and Orbach (1983) have explored the meaning of competitiveness for women, and Rosner (1985) has written about sibling rivalry. Chasseguet-Smirgel (1974) has proposed a theory in which envy is seen as a necessary component of healthy development, and Joffe (1969) and Moulton (1970) have written fine critical reviews of the theories of envy and penis envy, respectively. Chodorow (1978) reviewed the concept of penis envy in relation to female development. While almost all of these authors have observed that narcissistic needs and/or narcissistic injury arise in conjunction with envy, only Homey (1939) paid active attention to the significance of self-esteem in the development of envy. Envy is a complex emotion, involving such traditionally difficult-to-manage feelings as rage, destructive hostility, greed, and shame. It seldom occurs in isolation, but instead is usually an aspect of a more complex set of dynamics operating in an individual. Add to this the awareness that envy, whether

Envy and its Objects, 2019

The paper critically discusses the thesis, originally put forth by Taylor (2006), that there is a (mostly benign) form of envy whose target is the good possessed by someone else. Section 2 analyzes the distinction between object-envy and state-envy, discusses the connection between object-envy and benign envy, and develops the ethical consequences that follow from the thesis that envy is never benign. Section 3 presents a thought experiment with five variations developed from the basic elements of object-envy: an agent, a good the agent desires but lacks, and a person who possesses the good. The variations generate emotions like longing, sadness, happiness for, admiration, covetousness, self-disappointment, but they do not generate envy. Section 4 concentrates on envious self-reproach and shows that its nature and genesis are different from the self-disappointment one may experience in other forms of self-assessment. Section 5 argues that the so-called sour-grape syndrome serves different goals when it is connected to a good one lacks and when it is connected to envious comparisons. Section 6 maintains that what looks like benign envy can be better understood as emulous admiration. In conclusion, the paper argues that object-envy is not a useful concept. The desired goods are not valued in themselves when a person feels envy. Rather, they are taken to signal the superior recognition enjoyed by someone else within the reference group that is currently deemed important by the agent.

European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine , 2020

Maqolada masofaviy ta'lim olayotgan talabalar uchun psixologik tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Ushbu mutaxassis tavsiyalari talabalarning bilim, ko'nikma va malakalarni mustaqil o'zlashtirishlariga yordamlashadi.

Annals of the International Communication Association, 2018

Past research on jealousy and envy has focused primarily on dyadic interpersonal relationships; little is known about the perception and expression of such emotions within small groups. The expression of jealousy and envy can impact group dynamics, group outcomes, and interactions between group members. Our review examines literature on jealousy and envy within small groups, uncovering the primary focus of past research, identifying research gaps, and providing recommendations for future research. The social-functional approach to emotions provides a unifying theoretical framework for understanding jealousy and envy in small groups. We encourage future research to focus on bona fide groups, romantic relationships within peer/social groups, consensually non-monogamous and polyamorous romantic relationships, and organizational groups, and to utilize a social comparison perspective.

Psychotherapy and Politics International, 2011

In psychoanalysis the concept of envy describes a specific defence within an object relational structure that denies the subjectivity, need and entitlement of the other and is the antithesis of gratitude and satisfaction. Yet how far is envy both a representation of a psychological structure which is pathological and a culturally generated phenomenon? Should we not take into account the forces that amplify envy when considering the pathology of our 'envious' clients? With reference to social and political dynamics and a clinical vignette, this paper will consider whether envy can be as much a social disease as a psychopathology that requires psychotherapeutic treatment. It will look at three main areas. What are the conditions in our society that increase envious reactions? What are the economic and social consequences of envy, both negative and positive, and what of our own envy in relation to our colleagues and clients?