The important role of coffee agroecosystem for rural development

Pelita Perkebunan/Pelita perkebunan, 2024

The leading agricultural commodities in South Konawe Regency consist of several types, such as coffee, coconut, pepper, and patchouli. Among these various flagship commodities, only coffee has undergone a successful downstream process by the farmers. This is based on the support from the South Konawe Regency, such as providing special fertilizer assistance to coffee farmers and even assistance for the innovation of packaged ground coffee products for household industry players.The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the feasibility of coffee farming at the level of farmers who cultivate coffee beans and at the level of home industries in South Konawe Regency which produce packaged ground coffee. The parameters used to assess the financial feasibility of coffee farming are by calculating the value of Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Net Present Value (NPV) and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (NBCR) at interest rates of 12% and 35% of farming and ground coffee processing businesses. Based on the R/C ratio, a value of 16 is obtained, this shows the benefits of coffee farming, where every USD 65.59 invested in coffee farming will generate 16 times the income. The NPV value of coffee farming has a value of USD 2,370; supported by an NBCR value of 2.04, and the ground coffee processing business by coffee industry obtained an NPV of USD 5,052; and also an NBCR value of 1.12, meaning that smallholder coffee farming in South Konawe Regency is financially profitable and feasible to develop.

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2019

The Baduy community who resides in the Village of Kanekes, the Sub-district of Leuwidamar, the District of Lebak, South Banten has maintained the Sundanese tradition, particularly in practicing swidden farming (ngahuma). They practice swidden farming based on Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and belief. According to the Baduy tradition, the commercial plants, including coffee, clove, cacao, teak, and rubber have been prohibited to cultivate in Baduy area. However, because the population has increased rapidly and market economy has intensively penetrated the Baduy area, some commercial plants, including robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) have been introduced by the outer Baduy community. The objective of this study was to elucidate the traditional practice of the Outer Baduy in cultivating coffee trees that are integrated into the traditional agroforestry of mixed-garden (dukuh lembur or leuweung lembur). This study used qualitative method with some techniques of collecting data, including observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and plant survey in the sample plots of the dukuh lembur. The results of the study showed that in 1980-s the robusta coffee plants were introduced by some Outer Baduy people and have since been planted in the dukuh lembur. In the past, because coffee was prohibited to be cultivated in Baduy area, the coffee trees were regularly cut during the purification of the Baduy tradition (pembersihan adat). Nowadays, however, the robusta coffee trees have been properly integrated into the existing dukuh lembur which is based on hybrid knowledge of TEK and scientific Western knowledge. The Outer Baduy coffee farming system has provided subsistence as a well commercial economy that may support the sustainability of the Outer Baduy swidden cultivation that is considered as the cultural identity of the Baduy community.

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (formerly ICCSSIS), ICCSIS 2019, 24-25 October 2019, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, 2019

This study aims to analyze the various local wisdom of the coffee farming system in the Gayo Highlands and the existence of local wisdom in the agricultural system that is applied. In addition to identifying problems faced by farmers and how to handle them in managing agricultural resources in Bener Meriah Regency. This is not only as a form of preserving local knowledge related to the wise use of the environment but also as a solution to solving human and environmental problems. This study uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach. This method was chosen because in carrying out the documentation it is necessary to have a holistic description of a study. Therefore we need data collection techniques in the form of participatory observation, in-depth interviews, life in, and documentation of informant activities related to the agricultural system. In the end, this research leads to the concept of Indonesia as a country that can penetrate the international market in coffee income through a local wisdom system that is still preserved. The results of this study are expected not only for scientific purposes and to answer research problems, but more importantly and significantly can contribute to identifying forms of local wisdom that are still maintained and provide benefits in the lives of local communities.

The study was conducted in six subdistricts of Simalungun district, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research objective is knowing the influence of socioeconomic and ecological factors on production of specialty Arabica coffee. Determination of the households sample was using Probability Proportional to Size and Simple Random Sampling for 79 units certified coffee farms and 210 units conventional coffee farms. Farmer's data was analyzed with multiple linear regression model. Benefit of coffee certification compared to conventional coffee was analyzed by independen t-test. Increased production of arabica coffee could be achieved by intensification strategy through:

International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research

The low interest of today's generation in agriculture has resulted in a small number of young farmers in Indonesia. There is a need of change between the coffee farmers who are no longer productive and younger coffee farmers through the process of coffee farmer regeneration. This study aims to determine the state of regeneration of coffee farmers, the impact of local instructor, education level, land ownership, and income from other sectors on the regeneration of coffee farmers in Karangploso District. This research used descriptive research with qualitative method and phenomenological approach. The data were analyzed with analysis techniques and data representation from Cresswell. The result shows that the regeneration of coffee farmers are taking places in only 4 villages and has been occurring for three generations from 1990, the role of local agricultural instructors are still limited, the education level of coffee farmers range from elementary to junior high school level, some farmers who do not own land cooperate with Perhutani, and coffee farming is not the main source of income for coffee farmers. It is important to continue the regeneration of coffee farmers in Karangploso District, considering that Karangploso District is a coffee-producing area.

World Development, 2018

Value chain upgrading interventions have emerged in recent years as a dominant approach to rural development. In coffee value chains, upgrading opportunities are presented by the growth in consumption of specialty coffees, which are associated with direct engagement with producer communities by roasting firms, along with an apparent increased commitment to social responsibility. Known in the industry as ''relationship coffee", such interventions align with a value chain approach to development and are promoted as offering upgrading opportunities for otherwise marginalized rural communities. In this article, we critique the dominant development discourse of relationship coffee in Indonesia via three case studies of livelihoods and local agrarian dynamics across three coffee-growing communities on the islands of Sulawesi, Bali and Java. We find that the relationship coffee model does present opportunities for producer upgrading. However, these benefits have been subsequently captured by key individuals within the producer community who are able to accumulate wealth and consolidate their social position. As it is currently implemented in Indonesia, the relationship coffee model has reproduced local patterns of inequality rather than contributing to poverty alleviation efforts. These insights suggest the urgent need to develop a critical political economy of upgrading in the global value chain and rural development literature.

Universal Journal of Agricultural Research

Rural development requires harnessing existing community assets and expanding local economies while pushing local capabilities to be more efficient and innovative. The current conditions and external factors affecting local coffee producers in Lagawe, Ifugao were investigated as a foundation for a comprehensive framework for a sustainable rural development strategy. A multi-method in a convergent parallel research design with a participatory rural approach was employed to address the research objectives. Data were collected from registered local coffee producers through purposeful-criterion sampling approach, local government unit officials, and government agency representatives through key informant interviews and researcher-made questionnaire administration. Using frequency counts, percentage distribution, and mean, and careful analysis, findings revealed that products produced by local producers are in a good state in terms of the One Town One Product criteria. Coffee producers can access technology, market, and social infrastructures from different government agencies. Areas for improvement were identified based on the OTOP criteria. Finally, a comprehensive framework was proposed to establish sustainable coffee industry viable business for rural development.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCES AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING (ICBME2019): Towards innovative research and cross-disciplinary collaborations

Coffee is one of the leading commodities in Bali, one of which is Robusta coffee. This study aimed to determine the structuring and interaction of institutions in the development of Robusta coffee agroindustry systems in Bali Province. This study used Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) techniques using expert judgment in the form of questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The elements analyzed in the ISM technique in this study were (1) the sector of society affected, (2) needs in development, (3) main obstacle, (4) possible changes, (5) program objectives, (6) benchmarks in development , (7) activities needed, (8) impact of development and (9) institutions involved. Based on the results of structuring and interaction on institutional development of Robusta coffee in Bali the key elements as follows: (1) Elements of the affected community sector were Subak Abian and Private Companies, (2) Elements of need for development were support for guidance, counseling, mentoring and HR motivation; guarantee of price and market access, (3) The main obstacle elements were less integrated institutional management and price uncertainty, (4) The possible element of change was the development of partnerships; increased interest and motivation to become coffee farmers; (5) The objectives of the program were to improve the welfare of farmers and improve the quality of coffee products and their derivatives. (6) Elements of the measurement of development were improving the quality of human resources and increasing the quality of coffee; (7) Elements of activities needed were mentoring business institutions; fostering and motivating integrated institutions, (8) Elements of the impact of development were the increasing number of partner entrepreneurs; increasing HR motivation and skills, (9) Elements of the institutions involved were Subak Abian and private companies.

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2018

Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R, Alfian RL. 2018. Planting coffee and take care of forest: A case study on coffee cultivation in the forest carried out among people of Palintang, Highland of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2183-2195. People of Palintang hamlet of highland of Bandung, West Java have interacted with the forest ecosystem for a long time. In the past, initially, they cultivated forest by practicing swidden farming system (ngahuma) based on the traditional ecological knowledge which strongly embedded with local culture. During the Dutch colonial, some people of Palintang involved as the laborer of various activities of the culture system in the forest. After Indonesian independence, Palintang people have participated as laborers in various activities in the mixed-cropping (tumpangsari) program of the Forestry Service (Dinas Kehutan) and later on the State Forestry Corporation (Perhutani). In 1983, the tumpangsari program was formally prohibited b...

IOP conference series, 2019

is positioned as the third producer of coffee in the world in which Liberica coffee is one of its types. Currently, Liberica coffee is beginning to be spread in Jambi province market and results in many requests from various provinces and neighboring countries. Unfortunately, the cultivation of Liberica coffee has not grown and developed sustainably. Therefore the purpose of this study is to find out what internal and external factors influence the development of sustainability of the Liberica coffee, and to analyze the strategies for the sustainability of Liberica coffee. FGD were conducted to collect important data from the key informan and the data were analyzed by using SWOT analysis. The results of research shows that the internal factors in term of weakness includes age of plants, low farmers' knowledge, low family participation, lack of business capital, low maintenance of plants, land conversion, low motivation, weak formation of members in groups. For the internal factors in term of strength consists of intellectual rights, cooperatives, land ownership, strategic locations, farmer groups, low-caffeine. Two main factors belong to external factors which are threat and opportunities. Threat factors include weak of empowerment, land use change, tend to be in one location, and low quality while opportunities factors consist of partnerships, encouragement from researchers, microfinance, institutions, institutional supported, and demand continues to increase. The result of SWOT analysis depict that the position for the development was found on Quadrant 1 (aggressive strategies). Aggressive strategies indicate beneficial since they have opportunities and strengths.