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The paper attempted to investigate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the Swiss banking sector, through the elaboration of solid econometric approaches focusing on solid scientific methodologies: effectiveness and efficiency. The two concepts make up a widespread in econometric literature, primarily to account for the performance determinants and optimal operating. In the empirical investigation, we used data covering many financial and macroeconomic data about the Swiss banks sector in overall, focused on the period 1988 to 2011. We proceeded to build a reliable econometric model, according with the bulk of papers interested in the issue of the determinants of profitability of banks. The empirical investigation described the acting of these financial institutions by adopting rigorous econometric methodology. Thus, the paper shed the light on the determinants of the profitability of Swiss banks, provides obvious explanation and bear out several conclusions in favour of the Swiss banks. In fact, the present paper underlines that banks in Switzerland are acting with efficiency and thus, it consolidates the reputation of the Swiss banking sector in the world.
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, 2018
The aim of this study is to analyze the determinants of the bank profitability and efficiency in conventional banks. This study compares accounting-based and economic-based measures of efficiency and profitability of conventional banks in fourteen countries. Accounting variables help explain cost and profit efficiency, but cost efficiency has little impact on profitability and profit efficiency. In fact, the study of profitability is crucial in assessing the health of organizations. However, profitability of the banking sector is particularly important as the soundness of the sector is closely related to the soundness of the entire economy. In this paper, banks' profitability and its determinants in Tunisia as well as in 13 different countries were investigated. The determinants of bank profitability are analyzed with the data from 110 banks over the period 1999-2012 using the panel data method generalized method of moments. Our results suggest that researchers should probably focus more on profit efficiency than cost efficiency. Almost all banks are below the optimal size.
This paper analyzes the profitability of commercial banks in Switzerland over the time period from 1999 to 2006. Our sample includes 1'919 observations from 453 banks. Besides bankspecific characteristics, we include a set of macroeconomic and industry-specific variables into our regression analyses. Our results show that there exist significant differences in profitability between commercial banks in Switzerland and that these differences can to a large extent be explained by the factors included in our analysis. Also, our model specification, which includes several variables that have not been considered before, generates new insights for a better understanding of banking performance.
Global Strategies in Banking and Finance, 2014
Basic financial and profitability ratios such as net interest margin, return on assets, and return on equity alone do not measure bank performances effectively as they lack the risks associated. Since the success of banks in managing performance is expected to be largely dependent on the correct pricing and management of risks, a proper measurement of efficiency should include the effects of risks. The purpose of this study is to benchmark risk profiles of European commercial banks and performance indicators during the 2006-2009. The research is implemented based on four models by Data Envelopment Analysis with data of 697 banks from 37 countries. The results suggest that there is an extensive inter-and intra-country risk efficiency of banks. Profitability increase is not always directly proportional to risk increase, and the financial crisis substantially decreased the risk efficiency of banks, especially in 2008 in developed economies.
2009
This paper analyzes the profitability of commercial banks in Switzerland over the time period from 1999 to 2006. Our sample includes 1'919 observations from 453 banks. Besides bankspecific characteristics, we include a set of macroeconomic and industry-specific variables into our regression analyses. Our results show that there exist significant differences in profitability between commercial banks in Switzerland and that these differences can to a large extent be explained by the factors included in our analysis. Also, our model specification, which includes several variables that have not been considered before, generates new insights for a better understanding of banking performance.
Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business & Economics, 2012
The focus of our research is on the Romanian banking sector, analysing if, over the period 2002 to 2009, foreign banks have been more efficient than their domestic peers, as foreign banks can benefit from the experience and superior know-how of their parent banks and thus achieve a superior organisation and management process. To reach this aim, we have used the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, estimating the cost, allocative, technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies; and afterwards we have conducted also a series of parametric and nonparametric tests in order to establish if foreign and domestic banks are coming from the same population. The results of the paper underline the fact that in the Romanian banking market, foreign banks are truly more efficient than the domestic ones for being able to better use their advantages and obtain a higher productivity of their inputs. Moreover, during the researched period the efficiency of the banking sector has not been improved, mainly as a consequence of the financial crisis.
… East European Journal of Economics and …, 2009
This paper explores the issue of efficiency in Southern European banking by applying the Fourier functional form and the stochastic cost frontier approach in calculating inefficiencies for a large sample of Southern European banks between 1997 and 2003. The findings suggest that the largest sized banks are generally the least efficient, while the smallest sized banks are the most efficient. The strongest economies of scale are displayed by Spanish banks, while the weakest economies of scale are reported by Greek banks. The findings suggest that medium-sized banks report the strongest economies of scale, and the largest and smallest banks weaker economies of scale (ranging between 3,5% and 7%). Therefore, the notion that economies of scale increase with bank size cannot be confirmed. The impact of technical change in reducing bank costs (generally about 3% and 4% per annum) appears to systematically increase with bank size. The largest banks reap greater benefits from technical change. Overall, the results indicate that the largest banks in the sample enjoy greater benefits from technical progress, although they do not have scale economy and efficiency advantages over smaller banks.
Proceedings of 10th International Scientific Symposium „Region, Entrepreneurship, Development, 2021
Interest on measuring the efficiency of banking industry has increased substantially in recent years, both for the industry holders and service users and especially for researchers and regulators. Persisting fragmentation of banking sectors in European Union is still high, despite the Banking union progress. The aim of this paper is to contribute to development of methodology for measuring the efficiency of banking sector of Republic of Croatia. Main characteristics of Croatian financial sector is that it is bank-centric system and highly concentrated, with the five biggest banking institutions holding over 80% of total banking assets. More than 90% of banking sector assets are in foreign ownership, like in many other transition countries. Data for all 20 commercial banks operating in Republic of Croatia are included in this research. Non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) under Variable Returns on Scale (VRS) model was used to compare the efficiency results of individual banks by using different pairs of inputs and outputs in the input-oriented models. Fifteen different DEA models were developed, using different variables selected in regression analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to define the selection of variables for future models. The research represents a contribution to existing researches of banking profitability in Croatia and in general. Findings of the research contribute to appropriate selection of data for the future measurement of bank efficiency in Croatia, but also in other comparable transition countries. It also provides background for future researches of banking efficiency in extended time period, using different models with other pairs of variables or in separate groups of banks according to ownership or size.
SIBR, 2011
Achievement of Efficiency is considered to be an important factor for all entities , yet it is a tricky one, primarily because it is measured in relative and comparative terms. For the financial sector , it has tremendous importance, having material benefits and losses too. Therefore it becomes an important benchmark of achievement. This study is first part of a series of studies to be continued in the efficiency measurement in the financial sector in Pakistan. The current study measures efficiency of fourteen select banks in the financial sector of Pakistan and addresses the interpretation of efficiency. It uses the parametric OLS technique, using the definition of efficiency and the set of variables chosen from the CAMEL rating system of the regulators of financial institutions. It further applies the non parametric Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to the sample and assesses their relative efficiency in terms of inputs and outputs of the intermediation approach. It discusses the results in the context of the background of the variables of assessment and their relationship to efficiency of banks. The study aims at finding a better view of performance in the financial sector for more reliable results.
Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 2020
The research interest in bank profitability and efficiency is linked to the economic situation and an important issue for policymakers is to ensure economic stability. Nevertheless, managerial decisions and the environment could play a critical role in ensuring proper and efficient allocation of the resources. The purpose of this study is to understand which are the main factors that can influence the performance and efficiency of 94 commercial listed banks from Eurozone countries through a dynamic evaluation, in the period between 2011 and 2016. To achieve this aim, the generalized method of moments estimator technique is used to analyze the influence of some bank-specific characteristics, controlled by management, on the profitability as a measure of bank performance. After that, through the value-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology, those factors are considered in determining the efficient banks. The results show that banking efficiency depends on set bank-specific characteristics and that the effect of determinants on efficiency differs, considering the macroeconomic conditions.
Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 2010
In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of the main banks in Romania, the Czech Republic and Hungary for the period 2000-2006, by using the frontier analysis. For the estimation of efficiency of banking we used a nonparametric method-the DEA Method (Data Envelopment Analysis) and a parametric method-the SFA Method (Stochastic Frontier Analysis). The results of the analyses show that the banks in the three East-European countries reach low levels of technical efficiency and cost efficiency, especially the ones in Romania, and that the main factors influencing the level of banks efficiency in these countries are: quality of assets; bank size, annual inflation rate; banking reform and interest rate liberalisation level and form of ownership.
The economic literature pays a great deal of attention to the performance of banks, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, efficiency, productivity and profitability. This book provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications.
In this paper we study the performance and the efficiency of the banking sectors from an international perspective. Exploring key factors influencing bank profitability is of crucial importance to improve bank internal management and implement effective banking policies. A mathematical evaluation method is proposed for this study. This method is easy to apply and uses a linear programming model. The weights for various measurements are determined by objective method and are standard. The method is illustrated with real data from twenty-five developed countries worldwide.
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013
This paper estimates the efficiency of the Czech commercial banks in the period 2001–2010 using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis. We simultaneously use two alternative specifications – CCR model and BCR model – that differ in returns to scale assumption. Differences in estimated efficiency scores of individual banks are quite large up to 70 percentage points. Largest banks perform significantly worse than mid-size and small banks. This efficiency gap decreases if variable returns to scale are considered in the estimation. The average efficiency in the banking sector remained nearly unchanged during the analysed period. Although each year is estimated separately one can observe a deterioration of average efficiency during the recent crisis period.
Applied Economics, 2003
The structure of European banking markets has substantially changed over the past decade, partially as a result of the creation of the Single Internal Market. The process of integration and accompanying deregulation has embodied an incentive for bank management to focus on improving efficiency, especially given the more competitive banking environment. In this paper, employing the non-parametric DEA approach, we investigate whether the productive efficiency of European banking systems has improved and converged towards a common European frontier between 1993 and 1997, following the process of EU legislative harmonisation. We also examine the determinants of European bank efficiency using a Tobit regression model approach. We then extend the established literature on the determinants bank efficiency by taking into account the problem of the inherent dependency of DEA efficiency scores when used in regression analysis. To overcome the dependency problem a bootstrapping technique is applied. Overall, the results suggest that since the EU's Single Market Programme there has been a small improvement in bank efficiency levels, although there is little evidence to suggest that these have converged. Efficiency differences across European banking markets appear to be mainly determined by country-specific factors.
Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 2013
Evaluating efficiency of banks has always represented a challenge for researchers. Although many different methods have been proposed, no particular approach is agreed upon. In this paper, statistical I-distance method is proposed. We employed this method on the Serbian banks in the five-year period. Results obtained by I-distance methodology are presented and thoroughly elaborated.
2011
The goal of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of the banking systems in eight European countries over the period 1994 to 2008 by using the production frontier methodology. The paper shows that risk factors along with a size variable should be taken into account, otherwise inefficiency tends to be overstated.
Prague Economic Papers, 2015
The paper emphasizes that any approach to defining technical efficiency in banking is just a different outlook on manifold goals and functions that commercial banks pursue. Three commonly applied approaches, i.e. the service-oriented approach, the intermediation approach and the profitoriented approach, are not in conflict but are complementary in providing information on how commercial banks perform in financial intermediation, provision of banking services and profit seeking. In addition to the methodological contribution of the paper, it investigates the efficiency of the Slovak banking industry over the years 2000–2011 so as to find whether employment of a specific approach changes the view on efficiency of individual commercial banks. To this end, the non-parametric method of evaluation is employed based on the slack-based measure model of data envelopment analysis. The results suggest that general impressions of the efficiency status of individual banks as obtained within the ...
Applied Economics, 2004
2009
The recent literature on measuring bank performance indicates a preference for sophisticated techniques over simple accounting ratios. We explore the results and relationships between bank efficiency estimates using accounting ratios and non-parametric DEA with bootstrap among Jamaican banks between 1998 and 2007. The results indicate different outcomes for the traditional accounting ratios and the sophisticated DEA methodology in the measurement of bank efficiency. GLS random effects two-variable regression tests for superiority using a risk index for insolvency suggest an advantage in favour of the DEA.
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