Maternal Anaemia: A Prevailing Burden In Assam, India

Anaemia in pregnancy, particularly iron deficiency, is a prominent problem in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal care units of selected hospitals of Udupi district during [2005][2006]. About 1077 pregnant women were screened for anaemia using cyanmethemoglobin method during the first ante-natal visit. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 50.14 per cent which is nearly equivalent to the prevalence rate reported in the literature for Karnataka. Further, findings of the study revealed that the prevalence was higher among young women, women belonging to low socioeconomic status and women with short pregnancy intervals and higher parity. High prevalence rate of anaemia observed in the present study suggests to implement various preventive strategies, especially advocacy and monitoring of the iron and folic acid supplementation.

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in pregnant women. The study was conducted to study the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in the antenatal women of urban and rural areas and to identify some risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia and its association with IDA. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural health training centres of a medical college in Pune. The antenatal women were the study subjects. A total of 180 ANC cases were recruited and studies from both the field practice area attending the outpatient clinics. Sociodemographic profile was recorded & anaemia was assessed using recently done haemoglobin reports in the present pregnancy. The study duration was 6 months. GCP and ethical guidelines were followed as advised for human studies. Results: The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 66%. (rural=81%, urban=51%). IDA prevalence was 54% in primigravida and the prevalence increased as gravid status increased. Iron deficiency anaemia was seen statistically significantly associated with residence, illiteracy, type of diet, and gravida status of the pregnant women. Conclusion: IDA has strong relation with residence (urban/rural), literacy level, social status, monthly income and dietary habits.

Public Health Nutrition, 2004

Objective: To study the prevalence of anaemia and its association with measures of iron deficiency (ID) among a group of pregnant women. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Pregnant women identified through house-to-house visits and participating in community-based antenatal care activities in a rural location of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Subjects: The estimates are based on 214 reportedly healthy pregnant women in their second trimester. Information on socio-economic status and reproductive history were obtained through home visits and venous blood samples were collected at antenatal care centres. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured by HemoCue, serum ferritin (sFt) by radioimmunoassay and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. ID was defined as presence of either low sFt (, 12 mg l 21 ) or high sTfR (. 8.5 mg l 21 ). Results: The prevalence of anaemia (Hb , 110 g l 21 ) was 50%, but severe anaemia (Hb , 70 g l 21 ) was absent. Low sFt was observed in 42%, high sTfR in 25%, either low sFt or high TfR in 54% and both low sFt and high TfR in 13% of the pregnant women. Two out of three anaemic women had an indication of ID, which was present in 80% of women with moderate (Hb 70 -99 g l 21 ) and 50% with mild (Hb 100-109 g l 21 ) anaemia. Four out of 10 non-anaemic women (Hb $ 110 g l 21 ) also had ID, but the prevalence was significantly lower than that observed in anaemic women (P ¼ 0.001). Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of anaemia, severe cases were absent. The prevalence of ID increased at lower Hb. However, an increased prevalence was also found among women in the highest category of Hb.

Objective:Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem with adverse maternal and foetal outcome worldwide specially, developing countries like India. The aim of the present study was to understand the prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women and its deleterious effects on pregnancy outcome. Result:A high prevalence of anemia, 76% was observed among pregnant women. The current study shows 925 (20%) cases of mild anemia, 2011(44%) cases of moderate anemia , 1407 (31%) cases of severe anemia and 195(4.3%) cases of very severe anemia. The study shows that out of 5971 deliveries during the study period 1612 (35.3%) patients were severely anemic. There was 2995 (66%) unbooked cases and 2587(56%) wereprimigravidae. Majority of patients belonged to low socioeconomic group and of age below 24yrs. Maternal complications were preterm labour (44%), preeclampsia-eclampsia (51%), cardiacfailure (0.39%), PPH (2%), and maternaldeath (0.35%). Perinatal morbidity and mortality is also high in severe form of anemia. Conclusion:Anemia in all form is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal complications. It is directly proportional to parity, less spacing between pregnancy, low socioeconomic conditions and illiteracy. It is one of the preventable indirect cause of maternal mortality. Effective guidelines regarding girl child education, regular antenatal checkups, and regular intake of iron folic acid tab and availability of health facilities to rural population upto the grass root level might help in bringing down the prevalence.

IP innovative publication pvt ltd, 2020

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health related major public health problem among pregnant women, specially affecting developing countries like India. In pregnant women it is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of Anaemia in pregnant women of Jaipur. 2. To find out prevalence of Low Birth Weight newborns, Still births and Cesarian Section. 3. To find out various socio-demographic factors and their association with anaemia of pregnancy. Sampling Method and Sample Size: Study sample was calculated by complete enumeration technique and, 1227 admitted cases of delivery were selected for study. Results: Total 64.72% of pregnant women were suffering from anaemia. Mild anaemia was 29.50%, Moderate anaemia in 34.55%, and Severe anaemia was observed in 0.65% of pregnant women. Total 67.67% Hindu pregnant women were anaemic while only 60.40% Muslim pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among the anaemic mothers, 21.92% had newborn birth weight less than 2 kg, 24.05% had birth weight 2-2.5 kg and 54.03% had birth weight more than 2.5 kg weight. 50.88% delivered normally and 47.60% underwent LSCS. 1.52% had stillbirth among anaemic pregnant women. Conclusion: Improved dietary practices, consumption of locally available iron rich foods and a balanced diet, and effective national programme will go a long way in preventing iron deficiency in pregnant women.

2017

Worldwide anemia in pregnant women is a significant problem, especially in developing countries. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome. Researches have documented iron deficiency as the leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. Several health programmes have been initiated to eradicate anemia. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia in the pregnant women and compare the iron status of anemic pregnant women with that of nonanemic pregnant women. 53.4% of pregnant women were found to be suffering from different grades of anemia. 27.8% mild and 25.4% moderate anemia. There was a significant difference in the iron and ferritin levels between anemic and non anemic pregnant women. 39.91% of non-anemic pregnant women were iron depleted. 73.03% of the anemic pregnant women as found in the study were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. In 72 cases of anemia iron status was normal thereby implicating other causes of anemia. In conclusion the ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in India and world. Anaemia in pregnancy continues to be a problem in spite of national programs for its prevention and control. It accounts for 1/5 th of maternal deaths worldwide and 16% in India and is the major factor responsible for low birth weight, abortions, premature birth, and post-partum haemorrhage. Hence determining the status and factors influencing anaemia among pregnant women is essential to treat and prevent the same. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women attending for antenatal care at KIMS OPD from 3 rd June to 4 th July. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect data. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli's method. Results: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was found to be 81%; majority had moderate anaemia 57%. The mean age of pregnant women in the study is 24.55 years and 46.5% belong to lower socioeconomic status, 43% lived in joint families. Factors influencing anaemia were multi-parity, short inter-pregnancy interval, no history of recent deworming and iron and folic acid tablets intake. Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was found to be very high i.e., 81% especially among illiterates, low income groups, multiparous women, short inter-pregnancy interval, no history of recent deworming and iron and folic acid tablets intake.

National Journal of Community Medicine, 2014

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal death worldwide. The association between anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcome, higher incidence of preterm & low birth weight deliveries has been demonstrated. However, nutritional anaemia in pregnancy remains one of the India’s major public health problems, despite of the fact that this problem is largely preventable. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women and to determine association of anaemia and socio-demographic factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to outpatient unit of obstetrics and gynecology department during March- May 2013 by using pre-designed, pretested structured schedule. Written consent was taken. Hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method and anaemia was graded according to WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS Version 20. Result: - Overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was found to be 63%.It was seen that 23% of women were illiterate and 58.7% of them belong to upper lower class. Factors such as level of education of women, occupation, age at first pregnancy and consumption of Iron Folic Acid were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. Conclusion: - A very high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy needs mandatory regular supply of IFA tablets to adolescent and pregnant women along with correction of other nutritional deficiencies and timely intervention for reducing the burden of related diseases.

2016

Nutritional anaemia in pregnant women continues to be one of the major public health challenges. Anaemia contributes to one fifth of the maternal deaths and large number of preterm deliveries and low birth weight babies in India. The objective is to study the prevalence, various epidemiological factors, clinical presentation in pregnancies complicated with iron deficiency anaemia in a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. A Prospective observational study was conducted for a period of two years from September 2012 to August 2014. A total of 1644 pregnant women were investigated for evidence of iron deficiency anaemia by performing haemoglobin estimation and peripheral blood smear examination. Information on epidemiological factors was collected through interview and information on clinical profile was collected in predesigned and pretested structured proforma. Statistical analysis was done by finding out percentages, proportions, Mean and Standard deviation (SD), Chi squ...

Background: Anaemia is the commonest medical disorder associated with pregnancy. It contributes to one fifth of the maternal deaths and large number of preterm deliveries and low birth weight babies in India. Objectives: To study maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by anaemia. Setting-Tertiary care teaching hospital in central India.. A total of 1644 pregnant women were screened for evidence of iron deficiency anaemia. Maternal and perinatal outcome of women with moderate to severe anaemia was analyzed. Statistical analysis: was done by finding out percentages, proportions, Mean and Standard deviation (SD), Chi square test. Results: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 49.40%. Mild, moderate and severe degree of anaemia was seen in 19.46%, 25.06% and 04.86% cases respectively. The incidence of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies was two times more than women with normal haemoglobin values. The perinatal mortality and morbidity among babies born to anaemic women was high. There was no maternal mortality in the present study. Conclusion: The study revealed that anaemic women are more prone for life threatening obstetric and medical complications, preterm labour, low birth weight babies and perinatal morbidity and mortality., Strengthening the peripheral health care delivery system, regular antenatal care, high risk pregnancy identification, oral and parenteral iron therapy and institutional deliveries can reduce the incidence of anaemia and the resultant morbidity and mortality.