Performance and design of space-time coding in fading channels

Electronics Letters, 2001

The performance of space-time codes is investigated over Rayleigh fading channels with spatially correlated fading between transmit antennas. An exact pairwise error probability is derived based on which an analytical estimate for bit error probability is computed. The analytical results are verified through computer simulation

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013

https://www.ijert.org/performance-analysis-of-space-time-block-codes-over-rayleigh-fading-channel https://www.ijert.org/research/performance-analysis-of-space-time-block-codes-over-rayleigh-fading-channel-IJERTV2IS80091.pdf To overcome the effect of multi-path fading of the channel and to achieve full diversity, the multiple antennas seems to be an efficient solution. STBC provides a new concept of transmission over Rayleigh channel using multiple transmit and receive antenna. This paper presents a detailed study of STBC scheme which includes the Alamouti's STBC for two transmitting antennas as well as orthogonal space time codes (OSTBC) for three and four transmitting antennas. Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is simulated and analyzed for different constellation schemes as BPSK, QPSK ,8-PSK and 16-QAM using MATLAB.

1999

Space-time codes are designed for efficient transmission using multiple transmit antennas. In this paper, we propose space-time codes which combine the Ungerboeck one-size larger constellation principle with the simple transmit diversity technique of Alamouti (1998). The proposed codes provide several dB additional coding gain over the well-known space-time codes while keeping the complexity almost the same

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1998

We consider the design of channel codes for improving the data rate and/or the reliability of communications over fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Data is encoded by a channel code and the encoded data is split into n streams that are simultaneously transmitted using n transmit antennas. The received signal at each receive antenna is a linear superposition of the n transmitted signals perturbed by noise. We derive performance criteria for designing such codes under the assumption that the fading is slow and frequency nonselective. Performance is shown to be determined by matrices constructed from pairs of distinct code sequences. The minimum rank among these matrices quantifies the diversity gain, while the minimum determinant of these matrices quantifies the coding gain. The results are then extended to fast fading channels. The design criteria are used to design trellis codes for high data rate wireless communication. The encoding/decoding complexity of these codes is comparable to trellis codes employed in practice over Gaussian channels. The codes constructed here provide the best tradeoff between data rate, diversity advantage, and trellis complexity. Simulation results are provided for 4 and 8 PSK signal sets with data rates of 2 and 3 bits/symbol, demonstrating excellent performance that is within 2-3 dB of the outage capacity for these channels using only 64 state encoders.

2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37353)

To quantify the diversity gain of Space-Time coding, obtained by increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas, in this paper we use the paradigm of random codes, modelling Space-Time codes as random matrices with zero mean, equal variance and independent entries having a common arbitrary distribution (discrete or continuous). This framework is especially convenient in this situation because: i) optimal codes are difficult to identify and, thus, are difficult to test; ii) the eigenvalues of this type of large matrices converge to a specific distribution, mostly known as the semicircle or circle law. This last observation allows us to derive closed form asymptotic expressions for the probability of error in Rayleigh and Rician fading that can be used to gain insight on how the fading and the number of antennas affect the system performance.

IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1999

We consider the design of channel codes for improving the data rate and/or the reliability of communications over fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Data is encoded by a channel code and the encoded data is split into n streams that are simultaneously transmitted using n transmit antennas. The received signal at each receive antenna is a linear superposition of the n transmitted signals perturbed by noise. We derive performance criteria for designing such codes under the assumption that the fading is slow and frequency nonselective. Performance is shown to be determined by matrices constructed from pairs of distinct code sequences. The minimum rank among these matrices quantifies the diversity gain, while the minimum determinant of these matrices quantifies the coding gain. The results are then extended to fast fading channels. The design criteria are used to design trellis codes for high data rate wireless communication. The encoding/decoding complexity of these codes is comparable to trellis codes employed in practice over Gaussian channels. The codes constructed here provide the best tradeoff between data rate, diversity advantage, and trellis complexity. Simulation results are provided for 4 and 8 PSK signal sets with data rates of 2 and 3 bits/symbol, demonstrating excellent performance that is within 2-3 dB of the outage capacity for these channels using only 64 state encoders.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010

Space-time trellis codes provide both diversity gain and coding gain. There are two different design criteria proposed for spacetime trellis codes (STTCs), namely the rank and determinant criteria (RDC) and the Euclidean distance design criteria (EDC). In this paper, we present the performance of STTCs over Nakagami fading channels. Our results show that the STTCs designed for Rayleigh fading channels & Recian fading channels are also suitable for Nakagami fading channels. Nakagami fading channel models are considered more versatile than other channel models. In Gong et al. presented the performance of the STTCs over Nakagami fading channels. In this paper, we also present the performance of the STTCs designed using the EDC over Nakagami fading channels.

2006

Abstract Cascaded Rayleigh distribution is used to model multipath fading in mobile-to-mobile communication scenarios and provides a better fit to experimental data in such scenarios compared to the conventional Rayleigh channel model. In this letter, we derive an exact expression for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of space-time trellis codes over the cascaded Rayleigh fading channel, which is in the form of a simple single finite-range integral.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2000

ABSTRACT The pairwise error probability (PEP) for multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) radio interfaces is investigated by means of a novel formulation based on compound matrices. The proposed approach is suitable for any MIMO system having average upper-bounded PEP written as [det( I + gamma A )]-zeta, where A is a Hermitian matrix, zeta an integer number, and gamma the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); that bound frequently results in MIMO single- and multicarrier transmissions. It is shown that the minimization of the bounded PEP should consider the whole set of nonzero compound matrices of A . In particular, the SNR of interest marks the compound matrix that mainly drives the system performance. Both diversity advantage and coding gain are given as continuous functions of the variable gamma, hence, their asymptotic behaviors are taken as important case of studies. The interaction effects between channel code and propagation environment are also discussed. It is shown how the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the autocorrelation channel matrix may be considered for code design. It is also proved the maximization of the code rank is not always a necessary requirement for performance improvement being its optimal value fixed by the channel structure and SNR of interest. Finally, the analysis is applied to space-time trellis-coded transmissions over spatially correlated slow Rayleigh-fading channels.

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010

This paper proposes a new distributed space-time block code (DSTBC) over frequency-selective fading channels for two-hop amplify and forward relay networks, consisting of a source node (S), two relay nodes (R 1 and R 2), and a destination node (D). The proposed DSTBC is designed to achieve maximal spatial diversity gain and decoupling detection of data blocks with a lowcomplexity receiver. To achieve these two goals, S uses zero-sequence padding, and relay nodes precode the received signals with a proper precoding matrix. The pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis is provided to investigate the achievable diversity gain of the proposed DSTBC for a general channel model in which one hop is modeled by Rayleigh fading and the other by Rician fading. This mixed Rayleigh-Rician channel model allows us to analyze two typical scenarios where {R i } are in the neighborhood of either S or D.