Maternal anaemia: a persistent problem in rural Tamil Nadu

2015

Worldwide Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects approximately 25% population and in India it affects 80% of pregnant mothers. A prospective observational study was conducted to know relationship between IDA in pregnancy and its effects on maternal health during pregnancy, labour and postpartum. Pregnant mothers with singleton pregnancy with gestational age > 36 weeks were selected and were divided into two groups. Women with Hb >10 gm% classified in nonanemic group and those with Hb<10 were classified in anemic group. It was further confirmed by serum ferritin levels. Both groups were followed till delivery and effects of anemia on maternal health were studied. Number of vaginal deliveries, instrumental deliveries and cesarean section (LSCS) were similar in both groups but more anemic mothers required induction of labour. More anemic mothers had PPH 5(6.09%) as compared to 2(2.56%) in non anemic group. Only anemic mothers after PPH required blood transfusion 3(3.65%). 18 (21...

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in pregnant women. The study was conducted to study the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in the antenatal women of urban and rural areas and to identify some risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia and its association with IDA. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural health training centres of a medical college in Pune. The antenatal women were the study subjects. A total of 180 ANC cases were recruited and studies from both the field practice area attending the outpatient clinics. Sociodemographic profile was recorded & anaemia was assessed using recently done haemoglobin reports in the present pregnancy. The study duration was 6 months. GCP and ethical guidelines were followed as advised for human studies. Results: The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 66%. (rural=81%, urban=51%). IDA prevalence was 54% in primigravida and the prevalence increased as gravid status increased. Iron deficiency anaemia was seen statistically significantly associated with residence, illiteracy, type of diet, and gravida status of the pregnant women. Conclusion: IDA has strong relation with residence (urban/rural), literacy level, social status, monthly income and dietary habits.

Ceylon Medical Journal, 2017

Introduction In Sri Lanka the current prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy is estimated to be less than 20%. Objectives To determine the rate of anaemia defined as hemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dl, and the rate of iron deficiency using the best cut off level of serum ferritin, in women presenting for antenatal care. Methods Three hundred and fifty consecutive pregnant women with gestations between 12 to 20 weeks, presenting to the Academic Obstetric Unit at the Teaching Hospital Mahamodera, Galle, Sri Lanka from 10.11.2014 to 13.01.2015 had their heamoglobin and hematocrit measured by flowcytometry and hydro-dynamic focusing methods using a Sysmex-XS-500i System and serum ferritin measured by electro-chemiluminescence method using a Cobas-e411 Analyzer. The rate of anaemia was calculated. The best cut off level of serum ferritin for the detection of anaemia was obtained using a Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve, and using this cut off, the rate of iron deficiency was calculated. Results The rate of anaemia was 16.6%. The best cut off level of serum ferritin for the detection of anaemia was < 30 µg/L (the area under the ROC curve was 0.77; 95% CI-0.72 to0.81), with a sensitivity of 78.3% (95% CI 65.8-87.9) and a specificity of 74% (95% CI 68.6-79.0) in detecting anaemia. Using this cut off, 36.9% of the pregnant women had iron deficiency. Conclusion Rates of anaemia (16.6%) and iron deficiency (36.9%) in pregnancy are at levels of mild to moderate public health significance respectively.

2016

Nutritional anaemia in pregnant women continues to be one of the major public health challenges. Anaemia contributes to one fifth of the maternal deaths and large number of preterm deliveries and low birth weight babies in India. The objective is to study the prevalence, various epidemiological factors, clinical presentation in pregnancies complicated with iron deficiency anaemia in a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. A Prospective observational study was conducted for a period of two years from September 2012 to August 2014. A total of 1644 pregnant women were investigated for evidence of iron deficiency anaemia by performing haemoglobin estimation and peripheral blood smear examination. Information on epidemiological factors was collected through interview and information on clinical profile was collected in predesigned and pretested structured proforma. Statistical analysis was done by finding out percentages, proportions, Mean and Standard deviation (SD), Chi squ...

BMJ Global Health, 2016

Main outcome measures: ORs with 95% CIs to estimate the association between maternal iron deficiency anaemia and the adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Potential interactive roles of infections and induction of labour on the adverse outcomes were explored. Results: 35% (n=351) pregnant women had moderate-severe anaemia. Women with severe anaemia had a higher odds of PPH (adjusted OR (aOR) =9.45; 95% CI 2.62 to 34.05), giving birth to low birthweight (aOR=6.19; 95% CI 1.44 to 26.71) and small-forgestational age babies (aOR=8.72; 95% CI 1.66 to 45.67), and perinatal death (aOR=16.42; 95% CI 4.38 to 61.55). Odds of PPH increased 17-fold among women with moderate-severe anaemia who underwent induction of labour, and 19-fold among women who had infection and moderate-severe anaemia. Conclusions: Maternal iron deficiency anaemia is a major public health problem in Assam. Maternal anaemia was associated with increased risks of PPH, low birthweight, small-for-gestational age babies and perinatal death. While the best approach is prevention, a large number of women present with severe anaemia late in pregnancy and there is no clear guidance on how these women should be managed during labour and delivery.

IP innovative publication pvt ltd, 2020

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health related major public health problem among pregnant women, specially affecting developing countries like India. In pregnant women it is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of Anaemia in pregnant women of Jaipur. 2. To find out prevalence of Low Birth Weight newborns, Still births and Cesarian Section. 3. To find out various socio-demographic factors and their association with anaemia of pregnancy. Sampling Method and Sample Size: Study sample was calculated by complete enumeration technique and, 1227 admitted cases of delivery were selected for study. Results: Total 64.72% of pregnant women were suffering from anaemia. Mild anaemia was 29.50%, Moderate anaemia in 34.55%, and Severe anaemia was observed in 0.65% of pregnant women. Total 67.67% Hindu pregnant women were anaemic while only 60.40% Muslim pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among the anaemic mothers, 21.92% had newborn birth weight less than 2 kg, 24.05% had birth weight 2-2.5 kg and 54.03% had birth weight more than 2.5 kg weight. 50.88% delivered normally and 47.60% underwent LSCS. 1.52% had stillbirth among anaemic pregnant women. Conclusion: Improved dietary practices, consumption of locally available iron rich foods and a balanced diet, and effective national programme will go a long way in preventing iron deficiency in pregnant women.

2017

Worldwide anemia in pregnant women is a significant problem, especially in developing countries. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome. Researches have documented iron deficiency as the leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. Several health programmes have been initiated to eradicate anemia. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia in the pregnant women and compare the iron status of anemic pregnant women with that of nonanemic pregnant women. 53.4% of pregnant women were found to be suffering from different grades of anemia. 27.8% mild and 25.4% moderate anemia. There was a significant difference in the iron and ferritin levels between anemic and non anemic pregnant women. 39.91% of non-anemic pregnant women were iron depleted. 73.03% of the anemic pregnant women as found in the study were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. In 72 cases of anemia iron status was normal thereby implicating other causes of anemia. In conclusion the ...

National Journal of Community Medicine, 2014

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal death worldwide. The association between anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcome, higher incidence of preterm & low birth weight deliveries has been demonstrated. However, nutritional anaemia in pregnancy remains one of the India’s major public health problems, despite of the fact that this problem is largely preventable. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women and to determine association of anaemia and socio-demographic factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to outpatient unit of obstetrics and gynecology department during March- May 2013 by using pre-designed, pretested structured schedule. Written consent was taken. Hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method and anaemia was graded according to WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS Version 20. Result: - Overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was found to be 63%.It was seen that 23% of women were illiterate and 58.7% of them belong to upper lower class. Factors such as level of education of women, occupation, age at first pregnancy and consumption of Iron Folic Acid were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. Conclusion: - A very high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy needs mandatory regular supply of IFA tablets to adolescent and pregnant women along with correction of other nutritional deficiencies and timely intervention for reducing the burden of related diseases.

The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2012

We conducted a cross sectional study to investigate risk factors associated with severe anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) &lt; 8.0 g dl(-1)] and poor iron status among Nepali pregnant women. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, health and dietary data were collected from 3,531 women living in the southeastern plains of Nepal. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal helminthes. Dark adaptation was assessed using the Night Vision Threshold Test (NVTT). Hb levels were measured in all subjects to detect anemia and the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was measured among a subsample of 479 women. The iron status categories were: 1) normal (Hb&gt; or = 11.0 g/dl and sTfR &lt; or = 8.5 mg/l); 2) anemia without iron deficiency (Hb&lt;11.0 g/dl and sTfR &lt; or = 8.5 mg/l); 3) iron deficiency without anemia (Hb &gt; or = 11.0 g/dl and sTfR&gt;8.5 mg/l); and 4) iron deficiency anemia (IDA): (Hb&lt;11.0 g/dl and sTfR&gt;8.5 mg/l). Factors associated with severe anemia and poor iron status were determ...

Background: Anaemia is the commonest medical disorder associated with pregnancy. It contributes to one fifth of the maternal deaths and large number of preterm deliveries and low birth weight babies in India. Objectives: To study maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by anaemia. Setting-Tertiary care teaching hospital in central India.. A total of 1644 pregnant women were screened for evidence of iron deficiency anaemia. Maternal and perinatal outcome of women with moderate to severe anaemia was analyzed. Statistical analysis: was done by finding out percentages, proportions, Mean and Standard deviation (SD), Chi square test. Results: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 49.40%. Mild, moderate and severe degree of anaemia was seen in 19.46%, 25.06% and 04.86% cases respectively. The incidence of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies was two times more than women with normal haemoglobin values. The perinatal mortality and morbidity among babies born to anaemic women was high. There was no maternal mortality in the present study. Conclusion: The study revealed that anaemic women are more prone for life threatening obstetric and medical complications, preterm labour, low birth weight babies and perinatal morbidity and mortality., Strengthening the peripheral health care delivery system, regular antenatal care, high risk pregnancy identification, oral and parenteral iron therapy and institutional deliveries can reduce the incidence of anaemia and the resultant morbidity and mortality.