1 Electrochemical Technologies for Energy Storage and Conversion

A sustainable energy economy will be demanding renewable energy sources mainly available in enormous amount, able to liberate modern society from its dependency on fossil fuels. This paper attempts to provide the extent to which electrochemical storage system such as battery, supercapacitors can achieve this liberation. Lithium or nickel are replacing lead in batteries, in order to better meet the extremely varying technical and economical requirements in fast growing conventional and new applications. Also with the growing electronics industry the rate of ion transfer between electrodes during cycle is important parameter, that's when supercapacitors finds their application. In both of this technology electrode materials are a significant part due to which innovative Design with cheaper synthesis techniques is of a prime importance. The contribution of fuel cell is also considered.

2012

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Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2014

Journal of Nanomaterials

Molecules, 2024

Among electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies, rechargeable batteries (RBs) and supercapacitors (SCs) are the two most desired candidates for powering a range of electrical and electronic devices. The RB operates on Faradaic processes, whereas the underlying mechanisms of SCs vary, as non-Faradaic in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), Faradaic at the surface of the electrodes in pseudo-capacitors (PCs), and a combination of both non-Faradaic and Faradaic in hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). EDLCs offer high power density but low energy density. HSCs take advantage of the Faradaic process without compromising their capacitive nature. Unlike batteries, supercapacitors provide high power density and numerous charge-discharge cycles; however, their energy density lags that of batteries. Supercapatteries, a generic term that refers to hybrid EES devices that combine the merits of EDLCs and RBs, have emerged, bridging the gap between SCs and RBs. There are numerous articles and reviews on EES, and many of those articles have emphasized various aspects of HSCs and supercapatteries. However, there are no recent reviews that dealt with supercapatteries in general. Here, we review recently published critically selected articles on supercapatteries. The review discusses different EES devices and how supercapatteries are different from others. Also discussed are properties, design strategies, and future perspectives on supercapatteries.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019

The modern technology needs the electrochemical energy devices with increased safety, larger power and energy densities in addition to long cycle lifetime. The solid state electrolytes (SSE) have been developed due to the dramatic development of portable consumer electronics and the increasing concerns on flexibility of energy-storage devices as well as the elimination of some drawbacks of the liquid electrolytes. This review introduces all types of the SSEs for various electrochemical devices including batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and supercapacitors (SCs) with an emphasis on the SCs. The review is followed by the presentation of new SSEs containing redox agents, nano metal oxides and carbon materials along with the other nano fillers. Herein, we show that the use of novel SSEs could contribute greatly to enhance the electrochemical performance of the energy related devices with improved specific capacitances, energy and power densities.

book chapter , 2023

As a result of the growing demand for clean, sustainable energy, as well as the benefits of high-power density, efficiency, and long-life expectancy, electrochemical supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for energy storage and power supply. Perovskite anode materials have gained attention due to their charge storage process of oxygen-anion intercalation. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of modern materials utilized in various components of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolyte materials, current collectors, binders, and separators. It discusses a variety of electrode materials, such as carbon-based options, perovskites, conducting polymers, metal oxides, and composite materials. Green binder materials are compared to standard binders, and the chapter highlights the hybrid, asymmetric, and future aspects of supercapacitors. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the various ways supercapacitors can contribute to agricultural practices, offering sustainable and efficient power solutions. It explores their role in soil moisture management, precision agriculture, sensor networks, and other relevant areas. By harnessing the power of electrochemical supercapacitors, advancements in soil science and agricultural practices can be achieved.

A B S T R A C T With rising energy consumption in the world and the negative environmental and human health impacts of fossil fuels, the demand for renewable energy sources is increasing. The energy generated by renewable energy sources can be stored either in a chemical (water splitting) or an electrochemical (battery or supercapacitor) form, that are two distinct processes. Here, we introduce an integrated solar-powered system for both electrochemical energy storage and water electrolysis. A nickel-cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide (Ni-Co-Fe LDH) was successfully synthesized on nickel foam as a substrate using a fast, one-step electrodeposition approach. The Ni-Co-Fe LDH exhibited excellent electrochemical properties both as an active electrode material in supercapacitors, and as a catalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). When employed as the positive electrode in a supercapacitor, along with activated carbon as the negative electrode in an asymmetric configuration, the ultrathin and porous Ni-Co-Fe LDH nanoplatelets delivered an ultrahigh specific energy of 57.5 W h kg −1 with an outstanding specific power of 37.9 kW kg −1 and an excellent cycle life. As an OER electrocatalyst, Ni-Co-Fe LDH exhibited superior electrocatalytic performances with a very low overpotential of 0.207 V versus a reference hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10.0 mA cm −2 , and a small Tafel slope of 31 mV dec −1. The superior energy storage and catalytic OER properties of the Ni-Co-Fe LDH nanoplatelet array can be attributed to both the synergistic effects among the metal species and the unique mesoporous structure of the LDH that provides facilitated charge/ion diffusion pathways and more available active sites.

Handbook of Research on Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Advanced Materials

One of the greatest challenges for the modern world is the ever-increasing demand of energy, which may soon outstrip the amount of natural resources that can be obtained using currently known energy conversion and energy storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It appears that the maximum output efficiencies of these devices have already reached the intrinsic limits of almost all electrocatalyst materials. Hence, it is a high time to think about new material architectures by controlling size, shape, and geometry, as well as composition that can potentially make a significant improvement in the performance of these electrochemical devices. Among several known electrocatalyst materials are nanomaterials and their composites due to their unique electrical, mechanical, physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. These materials have opened a whole new territory of possibilities in designing high performance energy storage ...

Energy Environ. Sci., 2014

Energy storage is increasingly seen as a valuable asset for electricity grids composed of high fractions of intermittent sources, such as wind power or, in developing economies, unreliable generation and transmission services. However, the potential of batteries to meet the stringent cost and durability requirements for grid applications is largely unquantified. We investigate electrochemical systems capable of economically storing energy for hours and present an analysis of the relationships among technological performance characteristics, component cost factors, and system price for established and conceptual aqueous and nonaqueous batteries. We identified potential advantages of nonaqueous flow batteries over those based on aqueous electrolytes; however, new challenging constraints burden the nonaqueous approach, including the solubility of the active material in the electrolyte. Requirements in harmony with economically effective energy storage are derived for aqueous and nonaqueous systems.