Flavonoids from Buddleja parviflora

Pharmacy World & Science, 1994

Chemistry and Materials Research, 2013

Herbal medicine is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the whole population, and the major part of traditional therapy involves the use of plant extracts and their active constituents. Plants were collected, identified, dried then extracted using hexane, Dichloromethane/methanol and water. Identification assays to test the presence of various chemical constituents were carried out. The five plants were: Sonchus luxurians, Ocimum americanum, Bridelia micrantha, Croton megalocarpus and Aloe secundiflora. The Phytochemical screening of the compounds present in the plant extracts were; alkaloid, glycosides, Saponins, reducing sugar, Steroid, Flavones and Catecholics. The most common compound in all the plant extracts was Catecholics. Steroids are used in medicine to treat many diseases. The Plant extracts can be possible candidates for drug development.

2015

p-Anisaldehyde (1) and β-sitosterol were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble portion of the methanol extract of stem bark of Averrhoa carambola. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic studies and by comparison with published data. Different partitionates of the methanol extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activities and varying degrees of cytotoxicity. Averrhoa carambola (Bengali name- Kamranga; Family, Oxalidaceae) is medium sized tree. It is planted in all over the Bangladesh.1 Fruits and its fruit juice are used as antioxidant, astringent, tonic also to treat diarrhoea, vomiting, dysentery, hepatic colic, bleeding piles, relieving thirst and febrile excitement. The leaves are antipruritic, antipyretic and anthelmintic and are also useful in scabies, fractured bones, and various types of poisoning, intermittent fevers and intestinal worms.2 Previous phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of

2003

1.2. Structure of quinine 2 1.3. Structure of pilocarpine 1.4. Structure of reserpine 4 1.5. Structure of Taxol 4 1.6. Examples of some types of compounds isolated from Hyacinthaceae, (i) homisoflavonoid, (ii) cholestane glycoside, (iii) bufadienolide, (iv) acid, (v) phenolic compound, (vi) spirocyc1ic nortriterpenoid and (vii) cardenolide 1.7. Structure of a (i) saponin and (ii) sapogenin 1.8. Photograph of Eucomis montana inflorescence 1.9. Photograph of Agapanthus inapertus inflorescence 1.10. Compounds isolated from Agapanthus Chapter 2 9 15 16 2.1. Structure of the isoprene unit 2.2. Structure of squalene 2.3. Numbering system for sterols according to the IUPAC-IUB rules: (i) 1967, (ii) 1989 2.4. Structure of eucosterol 2.5. Structure of cyc1oartenol 2.6. Structure of lanosterol 2.7. Structure of (i) glycyrrhetinic acid, (ii) sophoradiol, (iii) maniladiol and (iv) epimaniladiol 2.8. Structure ofpfaffic acid 31 2.9. Numbering system for homoisoflavonoids 32 2.10. The 3-benzyl-4-chromanone type homoisoflavonoids 33 2.11. The 3-benzyl-3-hydroxy-4-chromanone type homoisoflavonoids 33 2.12. The 3-benzylidenyl-4-chromanone type homisoflavonoids 34 VB 2.13. Structure of scillascillin, brazilin and haematoxylin type homoisoflavonoids 2.14. The origin of the A and Brings ofhomoisoflavonoids 2.15. Conversion ofL-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid 2.16. Conversion of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaryl CoA 2.17. Formation of 4',6',4-tetrahydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone 2.18. Structures of intricatin and intricatinol Chapter 3 3.1. Structures oflignan precursors 3.2. Examples of the structural diversity in lignans showing Cg-C-g' linkages 3.3. Structures of some biologically important lignans

Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2016

The active constituents of plants have only relatively recently been isolated. The active constituents in plants are the chemicals that have a medicinal effect on the body. These are the active ingredients of the plant, the chemicals that have a marked, definable physiological and therefore, possibly medical activity upon the body. These constituents and their actions within the body are also referred to as their pharmacology. They have been divided into 16 main groups: Alkaloids, Anthocyanins, Anthraquinones, Cardiac Glycosides, Coumarins, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Flavonoids, Glucosilinates, Phenols, Saponins, and Tannins

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2004

UNESCO-EOLSS, 2021

This chapter dwells on the commonly used medicinal plants and the active compounds (the phytochemicals) which are often the basis for their medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications. Modern and traditional trends in medicine now turn towards using the active compounds in these plants without using whole plants. These active compounds are mainly the phytochemicals which are grouped into alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenols, and glycosides. Understanding the biochemistry of these active compounds is key to having a basic understanding of their role in modern and traditional medicines. Traditional medicine remains in use and accepted as desired primary healthcare system in several communities around the globe, with over 80% in developing countries and about 60% of the global population directly depending on the medicinal plants and herbs for their medical treatment and health purposes. Many parts of plants are applied to return health anomalies to normal, relieve symptoms, and/or avoid illness. The plants contain bioactive phytochemicals. Alkaloids have pharmaceutical properties, including as anticancer, antiasthma, and antimalarial. The characteristics and level of phenol structures in polyphenolic compounds determine the exclusive biological and physicochemical properties of exact polyphenols; for example, tannic acid and ellagitannin. Plants usually have mixtures of polyphenolic compounds and related phytochemicals. Several extracts of polyphenols, including those from olive pulp, grape seeds, grape skin, and maritime pines, have been made available as recipes for functional food, pharmaceutical products, as well as dietetic supplementation. Terpenes were brought to public spotlight by the development and edification of recreational and medical cannabis. Terpene and terpenoid are basic components of essential oil from several flowering plants broadly applied as scents/fragrance in modern and traditional medicines, including aromatherapy. Several glycosides from plants have medicinal and therapeutical effects. Pharmacologically active phytochemicals have useful applications and safety concerns.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2003