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2016, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B
This research work investigates the various applications of a PWM rectifier based on its input power factor. Most of the cases, the papers describe the operation of the rectifier used for unity power factor (UPF) operation. Beside this mode of operation, this paper compiles the application of the rectifier as STATCOM also, where the rectifier deals only with reactive power exchange. In this work, the controller is implemented by inserting a loop for reference input of phase angle which will be compared with the actual one, so that user can operate the rectifier at any power factor. Some basic formulae are derived for the input current, active power and reactive power based on which the control circuit is to be designed. Here two Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are used. A brief description of tuning these two PI controllers is incorporated in this paper. Also some calculations are given to determine the harmonic factors of the input line current from which it is found that the rectifier when operated in each mode operation, the order of the harmonics are very low.
2019
1ME-Power Electronics and Drives, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil nadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper analyzes the principle of the PWM rectifier, with a variable unity power factor control method of the PWM rectifier. Controller used closed-loop PI control, which inner uses single-phase input current control method controlled by power factor and controls the output DC voltage of rectifier. Voltage phase detection methods proposed could eliminate the affection of the voltage harmonics on phase detection accuracy. The results of the simulation and experiment verify the feasibleness and effectiveness of the tactic.
IET Power Electronics, 2010
This study proposes a simple low-cost modulating duty cycle analogue controller to reduce line frequency harmonics for high power factor boost rectifier. The proposed method eliminates the need for current sensing, and simultaneously offers the performance results comparable to those of continuous conduction mode (CCM). This scheme also maintains the simplicity comparable to that of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Only the output voltage and the rectified input voltage are monitored to vary the duty cycle of the boost switch within a line cycle so that the third-order harmonic, which is the lowest order harmonic of the input current, is reduced. As a result, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current and thus the input power factor is improved. Moreover, the rectifier shows a good transient performance where the converter's output voltage overshoots during input voltage/load transients is reduced. The proposed method is developed for constant switching frequency boost rectifier. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
TECCIENCIA, 2013
This paper presents the detailed analysis of a single-phase rectifier with high power factor correction in half-bridge boost configuration (RPFCU-HBB). The purpose of this work was to achieve a unity power factor and regulated output voltage. Modeling and linearization around the RPFCU-HBB point of operation are exposed in detail. The analysis and design considerations of the current controller and the output voltage using the average current method are given. The control scheme to eliminate the voltage unbalance of the two output condensers is discussed in detail. The theoretical results are checked through the simulation of the RPFCU-HBB switch model, as well as through experimental work. By using the following parameters in the experimental prototype: input voltage of 120 Vrms, output power of 80 W, and output voltage of 450 V, we obtain a power factor of 0.99 and a total harmonic distortion of 2.5%.
This paper represents the study of different types of single phase AC to DC step down converter. Performances and outputs have analyzed depending on the equations. Different parameters such as voltage gain, harmonic contents in input current, and parameters of changing output voltage are compared different type of single phase AC to DC converters. AC to DC converter is defined as rectifier. The main power supply system is alternating in nature. Rectification action is required to obtain DC supply from the main power supply which is sinusoidal.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy, 2014
This paper, presents the performance evaluation for new methods, applied to three-phase PWM rectifier with unity power factor operation, based on virtual flux called Direct Power control (VF-DPC). The principle of this control is based on the instantaneous active and reactive power control loops. The results show the excellent advantages, particularly: nearly sinusoidal input current, regulation of input power factor to unity, low harmonic distortion of line current (THD below 5%), adjustment and stabilization of DC-link voltage (or current), reduced capacitor (or inductor) size due to the continues current.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2008
2017
Input switched SEPIC topology based output voltage regulated 3-phase 3-switch modular rectifier circuit is proposed and developed in this thesis. Fully controlled three phase converters consisting of six controlled switches are ideal methods for bidirectional AC-DC conversion. Complexity of control, requirement of protection against devices failure and costs limit their applications. In large rectifiers, harmonic current injection technique is used for PFC, THD and efficiency improvement but this technique requires separate dc sources for generating harmonic current to be injected. Three phase AC-DC converters may use uncontrolled bridge rectifiers followed by DC-DC converters. These provide input current shaping with low THD. Large filters at their inputs degrade the conversion efficiency. Modular three phase rectifiers are composed of three single phase PFC rectifiers, where, input current waveforms are controlled by three switches and the output is taken from a DC rail. They are capable of being controlled like single phase boost PFC rectifiers. In this work, a modular three-phase power factor corrected (PFC) single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) rectifier is investigated. The advantage of the circuit is its ability to rectify individual voltage of three phases separately and superimpose them at the load. Per phase rectification allows sinusoidal input current shaping in the circuit by standard feedback control. Also boost topology at the input stage with series inductor allows easy reduction of input current total harmonic distortion (THD) and improvement of input power factor. The proposed rectifier is a high performance controlled rectifier compared to traditional ones in terms of power factor, input current THD and conversion efficiency. The SEPIC topology retains benefits of buck/boost gain facility and provides capacitor isolated output. The performance results have been compared for the open and closed loop voltage regulations. In open loop system, the output voltage of the rectifier has been controlled by standard duty cycle control technique. To ensure high performance feedback control circuits have been employed with current and voltage controller loops. The performance of the proposed circuit has been found to be satisfactory in simulation and experimental results. Typical dynamic responses of the circuit are included to demonstrate its effectiveness to regulate output voltage during load changes with the performance remaining almost the same. vi TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT
Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2019
The most important feature of active rectifier circuits is the ability to adjust the power factor and DC bus voltage, when compared to diode rectifiers. However, odd current harmonics occur in the grid since hard switching state occurs in the active rectifier circuit. A filter should be used on the grid side to reduce the current harmonics. Although there are many types of filters, one of the most suitable filter types is LCL filter when considering the factors such as cost and size. In this study, LCL filter design calculation is performed and PSIM simulation results of active-reactive power controlled LCL filter proportional resonant (PR) current controlled single phase active rectifier circuit is given. The system is designed according to the active power of 600 W. Then, by adding reactive power to the system, it is proved that the power control is carried out successfully.
The paper presents the modeling, simulation and analysis of an AC-DC converter based PWM rectifier. It provides a suitable control algorithm for a pulse width modulation rectifier which reduces ripple from the DC output side as well as shapes the input current properly. The basic objective of a PWM rectifier is to regulate the DC output voltage and also ensure a sinusoidal input current and unity power factor operation. This is implemented by high speed IGBT switches connected in anti parallel mode across the rectifier diodes. The output voltage is controlled by switching these IGBTS and higher order ripples at the output can be easily eliminated with the help of passive filters. Lower order harmonics are eliminated using PWM technique. The control subsystem generates gating pulse to the universal bridge by passing the output voltage through a network consisting of comparator, discrete PI controller and discrete PWM generator. The output of this generator are the gating pulses to be applied to the universal bridge.
2011
I would like to thanks and praise the Almighty Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful, for helping me to complete the work successfully. I express my gratitude and deep appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Mohammad Ali Choudhury, Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BUET, for his helpful suggestions, encouragement, guidance and individual assistance in the process of completing the research work. I would also like to thank all respectable members of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), BUET for various assistances they have provided. Thanks to all my well wishers and friends who helped in various manner to complete the research work. Most of all, I am grateful to my family members and relatives for their cooperation, support and encouragement in completing the work.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2007
A simple analog controller is proposed for the single-phase half-bridge pulsewidth modulation rectifier to maintain near unity power factor at the input and balance the voltages across each half of the dc bus. The controller works in the principle of constant-frequency current programmed control. The required gating pulses are generated by comparing the input current with a linear and bipolar carrier without sensing the input voltage. Two voltage controllers and a single reset-integrator are used to generate the carrier. All the necessary control operations are performed without using any phase locked loop, multiplier, and/or divider circuits. Resistor based sensors are used to measure the voltages across two halves of the dc bus and the input current. The controller can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit. The averaged small signal models and all the necessary design equations are provided. The condition of stability against subharmonic oscillation is analyzed. Calculation of switching and conduction losses is presented. The control concept is validated through simulation and also experimentally on an 800-W half-bridge rectifier. Experimental results are presented for ac-dc application, and also for ac-dc-ac application with both linear and nonlinear loads at two different output fundamental frequencies (50 and 60 Hz). Index Terms-AC-DC conversion, current mode control, half-bridge converter, nonlinear carrier control, one-cycle control, power factor correction (PFC), single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS), transformerless UPS.
2013
Electrical machines utilise power electronic devices to start, stop and run the machines smoothly and efficiently. The harmonics produced, distort the source current to be a non- sinusoidal current. Input power factor also suffers due to low displacement factor. The classical control of switching devices results into a poor power factor. The harmonic content of the input current is very high and thus there is a requirement of a large filter. Sinusoidal PWM control attempts to correct all the above shortcomings of an AC/DC converter. In this paper, an improvement in the input power factor and the total harmonic distortion is demonstrated by comparing conventional two pulse converter with a Sinusoidal PWM converter with appropriate switching scheme. The analysis is done using MATLAB SIMULATIONS and different conclusions are drawn.
Energies
This paper analyzes a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based One Cycle Control (OCC) strategy for a Power Factor Corrector (PFC) rectifier with Common-mode Voltage (CMV) immunity. It is proposed a strategy that utilizes an emulated-resistance-controller in closed-loop configuration to set the dc-link voltage to achieve unity power factor (UPF). It is shown that if the PFC can achieve UPF condition and if the phase voltage is only affected by CMV, then phase current is free from CMV, as well as a lead-lag compensator (LLC) to average phase current.
2000
The paper presents a simple cell with a line-frequency commutated AC switch that is able to greatly improve both power factor and output voltage regulation of rectifiers with passive L-C filters. The boost action introduced by the commutation cell allows for the compensation of the voltage drop across the input filter inductor, so as output voltages higher than the peak
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012
This paper presents a modeling and simulation of topology of single-phase AC-DC active rectifier having power factor correction (PFC). This converter topology is evaluated on the basis of performance and its salient features are discussed to analyze its applicability. The technique not only helps to develop a deeper understanding of this converter but also to evaluate performance and feasibility of control strategy and topological features without fabrication of an actual system. This paper also describes technique for minimizing the input current distortion of current-controlled single-phase boost rectifier.
IET Power Electronics, 2009
A new single-phase power factor corrector (PFC) based on the Sheppard-Taylor topology is studied. Compared with conventional PFCs, this topology facilitates a better input current tracking, lower voltage stresses across the devices and larger output voltage range for the same operating area. The converter is integrated as a PFC at the DC-end of a single-phase diode bridge. Pulse-width-modulated (PWM) multi-loops control schemes are proposed and developed in order to ensure a unity power factor at the AC-source side and a regulated voltage at the DC-load side. The first control method uses the simple and robust hystereticbased controller; the second employs a conventional PI regulator; and the third is based on the model nonlinearity compensation approach. The design of the last two control methods is based on the knowledge of a mathematical model that would accurately represent the converter. This model is developed in this paper using the state-space averaging technique, and then the small-signal transfer functions of the converter are derived for linear control design purpose. The performance of the different control strategies is evaluated through simulation experiments carried out on a numerical version of the converter. The implemented model of the converter is obtained by using the switching function technique. The control system is tested under both rated and disturbed operating conditions. The system performance is evaluated in terms of source current total harmonic distortion (THD), input power factor, DC voltage stabilization, and regulation following load variations.
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2006
The method of using Boost type of converter was proposed for a 300W single-phase rectifier in this paper. By designing the necessary techniques and methodology, the overall Power Factor (PF) and Total Harmonic Distortion would be improved to the expectation. The cause of having low PF and high THD for a diode-capacitor type of rectifiers is related to non-linearity of the input current. Method of re-shaping the input current waveform to be similar pattern as the sinusoidal input voltage is done by the Boost converter and the related controls that act as a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit. The results of the designed system were compared against with and without PFC control. The international standard IEC 61000-3-2 on harmonics was used as the reference to determine the performance of the project.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2007
This paper presents the analysis and operation of a three-phase pulsewidth modulation rectifier system formed by the star-connection of three single-phase boost rectifier modules (-Rectifier) without a mains neutral point connection. The current forming operation of the-Rectifier is analyzed and it is shown that the phase current has the same high quality and low ripple as the Vienna Rectifier. The isolated star point of-Rectifier results in a mutual coupling of the individual phase module outputs and has to be considered for control of the module dc link voltages. An analytical expression for the coupling coefficients of the-Rectifier phase modules is derived. Based on this expression, a control concept with reduced calculation effort is designed and it provides symmetric loading of the phase modules and solves the balancing problem of the dc link voltages. The analysis also provides insight that enables the derivation of a control concept for two phase operation, such as in the case of a mains phase failure. The theoretical and simulated results are proved by experimental analysis on a fully digitally controlled, 5.4-kW prototype.
— Power Factor which is the ratio between the real or actual power and the apparent power is a very essential parameter in power system. It indicates how effectively the real power of the system has been utilized. In any electrical power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a high power factor load, for the same amount of useful power transferred. The most popular topology in Power Factor Correction (PFC) applications is certainly the boost topology. The boost topology is very simple and allows low-distorted input currents and almost unity power factor with different control techniques. A new fuzzy logic control strategy in a boost converter based PFC method for single phase rectifier is presented in this work. The proposed fuzzy logic control system has two inputs and one output. The proposed PFC control is based on boost converter operating at continuous conduction mode and provides a higher switching frequency.
2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009
This paper presents an implementation of controlled rectifier with power factor correction (PFC) using single-phase matrix converter (SPMC). A current control loop (CCL) using standard proportional integral control was used to implement PFC to correct the pulsating nature of the input current to almost unity power factor form with low total harmonic distortion (THD) level well below the acceptable limit that was defined in the standards of IEEE 519. Waveshaping of supply current is facilitated through the use of boost technique that could perform corrections making it continuous, sinusoidal and in phase with the supply voltage. Safe commutation strategy was implemented to avoid voltage spikes due to inductive load. Prior to its practical realization a computer simulation model is developed to investigate the behaviour of the SPMC using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS). An experimental test-rig was then constructed to verify the operation; incorporated with control electronics, gate drives, and power circuits. Selected simulations and experimental results are presented to verify proposed operation.
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