Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
1998, Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE …
In the paper, the authors consider the performance of histogram-based analog to digital converter (ADC) testing under the assumption of input-equivalent wideband noise, which models either noise sources inside the device or unwanted disturbances corrupting the stimulus signal employed for carrying out the test. Theoretical relationships are presented which allow the design of the test parameters needed to meet a given test accuracy. Moreover, it is shown, that the histogram test is effective in providing information on the deterministic behavior of the tested device and that it can be made insensitive to the effects of inputequivalent noise. Finally, the obtained results are employed to determine the test performance in estimating the device effective number of bits, and simulations results are provided which validate the theoretical derivations.
This paper deals with some error effects caused by additive noise at analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) testing based on the histogram method and the exponential shape of input testing signal. The histogram method with exponential signals has been an alternative test method for ADC developed by the author. Here, the theoretical analysis of some errors in estimation of code bin width and quantisation levels caused by additive input Gaussian noise is performed. The theoretical results are verified by simulations. The acquired results are compared with the analogues ones for sinewave and Gaussian noise input test signals.
Metrology and Measurement Systems, 2009
An exact expression for the expected value of the mean square difference of the two data sets acquired during the IEEE 1057 Standard Random Noise Test of analog to digital converters is derived. This expression can be used to estimate exactly the amount of random noise present which is an improvement over the heuristically derived estimator suggested in the standard. A study of the influence of stimulus signal amplitude and offset on the existing estimator is carried out.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1999
A broadband variant of the histogram test where Gaussian noise is used as a stimulus signal is presented. A methodology allowing for an automated and extensive characterization of analog-to-digital converers (ADC's) is given. Tolerance and confidence intervals are determined both for the integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) vectors, related to the number of samples acquired. Experimental results of the characterization of a VXI waveform digitizer using this methodology are shown.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2002
The histogram method using small-amplitude triangular waves for the quasi-static test of analog-to-digital converters has been proposed for standardization aims. In this paper, after a brief description of the test procedure, analytical closed-form relations for designing the test, as well as for its characterization in terms of efficiency and uncertainty, are provided. Numerical and experimental results of a comparative analysis with the IEEE 1057-standard static test highlight its better performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
Measurement, 2002
This paper deals with a new method improving the static test for analogue-to-digital converters. The method is based on a histogram procedure using as test signals small-amplitude triangular waves superimposed on suitable constant offset values. The histogram is built over the converter fullscale by varying the offset step by step systematically. A small amplitude and a reduced time slope in comparison to the converter range and slew rate, respectively, lead to static test conditions. This procedure allows inexpensive function generators to be used and the test duration to be dramatically reduced. Experimental results of tests aimed at validating, characterizing, and comparing the proposed method on two different converter architectures are presented.
IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2001
A histogram-based method for quasi-static test of analog-to-digital converters has been proposed for standardization aims. The test exploits the use of small-amplitude triangular waves. Different signal offset values are used to fully stimulate the converter input range. The reduced amplitude and slope of the input triangular wave with respect to the converter range and slew rate, respectively, lead to quasi-static
The article describes a new method of Analog-to-Digital Converters testing that is suitable for testing of high-resolution AD converters (e.g. Σ-∆ or dither-based) or on the contrary ultra high-speed AD converters. The method is based on the histogram test driven by stochastic signal with defined probability density function. By repeating of the test for different settings of band-pass filter that is inserted to the input testing signal path it is possible to obtain an estimation of frequency dependency of effective number of bits. This important information was obtainable by deterministic test only. Practical demonstration confirmed the usability of the method.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2005
The integral nonlinearity (INL) of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be described by a behavioral error model expressed as one-dimensional image in the code domain. This image consists of low and high code frequency components which allow describing the ADC performance with a small number of parameters. This paper presents new methods for low code frequency and high code frequency testing. The identification of the low code frequency components is performed by multiharmonic sine fitting in the time domain. The high code frequency components are estimated in the statistical domain by a narrow band histogram test using a triangular stimulus signal. The performance of the proposed method is assessed for various ADC devices.
2013
This paper reports a new application for one of the widely known Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) dynamic testing methods, namely the histogram method. After estimating code transition levels and applying corrections of the ADC transfer characteristics, the Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs) are computed with standard deviation and overdrive effect. ENOB is determined by taking deviation of corrected rms error from ideal rms error. Simulation results for 5 and 8 bit ADC are presented which show effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally results of this method are compared with earlier reported work and improvements are obtained in present results.
… and Measurement, IEEE …, 2002
This paper presents an analysis of the statistical efficiency of the sinewave histogram test used for estimating the unknown transition levels of an analog-to-digital converter. Accordingly, at first, a closed-form determination of the Cramér-Rao bound is derived under the assumption of a noiseless stimulus signal. Both unbiased and biased versions of the bound are described in order to account for the eventual bias introduced by commonly employed estimators. Then, additive Gaussian noise is assumed, and comments are made about its effects on the maximum achievable accuracy.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000
Instrumentation and Measurement, …, 1991
I. INTRODUCTION The most famous methods for dynamic testing of ADCs [l] are the code density histogram method and spectral analysis FFT method. Histogram data are used to compute all bit transition lev-els, and hence determine linearity, gain, and offset errors. FFT data are ...
5th IEE International Conference on ADDA 2005. Advanced A/D and D/A Conversion Techniques and their Applications, 2005
Histogram tests are a commonly used method for characterizing analogue to digital converters. However, different stimuli signals can be used in the histogram test. An overview of common input stimuli for the test is presented. Previous works have analysed the statistical properties of the resulting histograms for different stimuli signals, separately. In this paper, generally applicable results for asymptotically unbiased minimum variance estimator and Cramér-Rao lower bound are derived, irrespective of used input stimuli. Where available, the general expression is compared and found in accordance with signal-specific expressions.
Iet Science Measurement & Technology, 2008
A procedure is proposed to estimate an analogue-to-digital converter's signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio using the histogram method. The procedure provides results that are in close agreement with the ones obtained with the spectral analysis and sinewave fitting methods. It is shown that the errors obtained by using former implementations of the histogram method are due to not considering the input stimulus probability density function, and it is shown how these errors can be rectified.
Proceedings of the XVI …, 2000
Abstract: The experimental investigation on a histogram test for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) using as stimulus signals small-amplitude triangular waves superimposed to variable DC levels is presented. The test allows inexpensive triangular generators to be used and ...
Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2005
Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2006
Modeling the integral nonlinearity by the unified behavioral error model which is expressed as one dimensional image in the code k domain requires a minimal number of error parameters. The unified error model consists of low and high code frequency components. The paper presents new methods for low code frequency and high code frequency testing. The identification of low code and high code frequency components is based on a stochastic analysis of both components by using harmonic signals with reduced amplitude. The high code frequency component for code bins with extraordinary high nonlinearities is estimated in the statistical domain by a narrow band histogram using sinusoidal stimulus. The uncertainty of the proposed method is being assessed in the paper for various ADC representatives.
Conftele, 2005
This document presents an overview of the influence of additive noise in the bias of the estimative of an analogue to digital converter (ADC) transition voltages and code bin widths obtained with the Histogram Method.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996
A novel approach to the topic of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) characterization is proposed. The key idea is to describe the behaviour of the device via a suitable conditional probability function, estimated through a modified version of the popular histogram test. Any traditional figure of merit for ADCs can be accurately evaluated from the proposed probabilistic characterization. Besides, this allows one to optimize the ADC overall performance, determining the best allocation of the output reconstruction levels. The parameters of the modified histogram test are determined as a function of the desired accuracy. Finally, computer simulations illustrate the performance of the method.
IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2008
In this letter a histogram-based BIST (Built-In Self-Test) approach for deriving the main characteristic parameters of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) such as offset, gain and non-linearities is proposed. The BIST uses a ramp signal as an input signal and two counters as a response analyzer to calculate the derived static parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the hardware overhead and testing time while detecting any static faults in an ADC.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.