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Accelerators
AI
This paper examines the governance structures of business accelerators, highlighting the importance of managing relationships with various stakeholders, including mentors, investors, and government agencies. It critiques the existing literature for its narrow focus on accelerators' services to portfolio companies, advocating for a holistic understanding of how accelerators function within their ecosystems. Through case studies of Techstars and Start-Up Chile, it identifies key internal and external stakeholders and discusses the governance mechanisms employed to foster collaboration and achieve organizational goals.
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2023
Accelerators are broadly seen as platforms that government, non-profit, and forprofit organizations use to fast-track the development of entrepreneurial and SME business capabilities. Typically, this occurs as competitive, time-constrained, cohort-centered, authentic learning experiences supported by mentoring and access to the local entrepreneurial ecosystem, management development programs, and financial resources. Interest in how the ventures in the development programs evolve and contribute to the entrepreneurial ecosystem is increasing (Cantner et al. in Small Business Economics, 57, 407-423, 2021), but how the accelerators evolve has yet to be adequately researched. To better understand how accelerators evolve, we adapt Churchill and Lewis (Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 30-50, 1983) conceptual framework of the stages of small business development. This study investigated the life cycle of Australian accelerators from 2013 to 2020. The accelerators ranged from short-term "pop-up" programs to permanent programs. We found through a series of four selected exemplar case studies that these accelerators exhibited a similar four-stage life cycle to their participants, including (1) gestation, (2) survival, (3) viability, and (4) decline or renewal. We also found that external support was a critical issue that determined viability. Our findings support the development of accelerator management to be more agile, resilient, and entrepreneurial, which can confront those adopting a more standardized franchise model. In addition, we adapt Kohler (Business Horizons, 59(3), 347-357, 2016) work on corporate accelerators into an inclusive framework for all forms of accelerators, including considering their geographic context or Place, the actors involved with the accelerator or its People, the accelerator's value Proposition to participants, the accelerator's Processes and most fundamentally, its Purpose that will contribute to the entrepreneurial ecosystem practice and literature. This research provides practical considerations on positioning, suitable business models, and maximized operations.
2019
First and foremost, I would like to thank my mentor Professor Dr. Kurt Matzler for incredible support and guidance that he had given me throughout this journey. From then on, I would like to express my thankfulness to Mr. Niels Cotiaux, and then the team of Next Incubator, for providing the contact to research partners and for sharing all the relevant information. A very warm, special thank you goes to Ms. Corinna Haas, Mr. Santtu Hulkkonen and Mr. Filippo Feraris for sharing their deepest insights and motivation. You have been fantastic, cheerful partners, all in your most unique ways, and I hope that your companies become the synonym for the future. Without your help, this thesis wouldn't have come to existence. I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends, Mr. Daniel Stiehle, Mr. Florian Koch and my partner in (research) crime, Mr. Oliver Schnell, whose light sense of humor and endless support throughout the writing process have always brought back a spark of energy and motivation to keep writing. I hope to have succeeded to return at least a part of the favor; without them, this thesis will not have been successfully finished. Finally, endless thankfulness goes to my mini-ecosystem of family and friends, whose love and contribution was equally important to the breathing process itself; both have kept me successfully alive throughout.
Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 2022
Corporate accelerators have become an important form of corporate-start-up collaboration. According to [1] mm1 (consultancy for Connected Business), two-thirds of all DAX 30 companies in Germany engaged with start-ups via an accelerator in the year 2020. Despite the clear importance of this phenomenon, there is still a lack of understanding of the concrete factors that determine their success. Corporate accelerators can be designed in different ways but business executives are still in the dark about the consequences of these design decisions on the performance. The aim of present study is to determine success factors of a selected set of corporate accelerators based on qualitative data. A database of 109 corporate accelerators was collected from which all Germany based programs (28) were analysed in greater detail regarding their performance and program design. Hereby, the study tests the statistical relevance of 14 potential success factors identified via literature review conduct...
Research-Technology Management, 2018
Developing an effective corporate accelerator requires close attention to the relationships between startups and the sponsoring company.
2019
Since the establishment of the Y-Combinator in Silicon Valley in 2005, accelerators are an ever-growing phenomenon that beginning with the United States is representative on six continents until today. This should not be surprisingly as nowadays, startups seem to be a major source of innovation, contributing to the invention of novel products and business models by using new technologies and thus are reasonable to secure the secure and development of local economies. To be defined accelerators are institutions that support high-growth, early-stage businesses support to create entrepreneur ́s ideas into sustainable business models through education, mentoring and funding. In counterpart to the until today better known model of incubators accelerators differ as they are limited to a shorter period of time of approximately three month, which leads to the recognition of a higher intensity that as a result shortens to time to discover the sustainability of businesses. Nevertheless, there...
The start-up acceleration phenomenon is a recent trend in the field of entrepreneurship, impacting academia, policy makers and practioners, but not yet fully researched or comprehended. The existing literature on business incubators, technology transfer and corporate entrepreneurship provide few cues on how to interpret the acceleration phenomenon, justifying the case for an in-depth analysis on how accelerators (and its accelerated ventures) differentiate from existing initiatives. This work aims to contribute to this discussion by mapping the current research and definitions of the acceleration phenomenon and suggesting a number of potential investigation lines to be deployed in the upcoming years.
Annals of Operations Research, 2023
We study start-up accelerators, a new type of entrepreneurial support organization characterized by its coaching of regular cohorts of startup founders, that developed rapidly after pioneer accelerator Y-Combinator, founded in 2005, had 'accelerated' success stories Dropbox and AirBnB among others. We suggest that accelerators can be analysed as platforms whose function is to relate start-ups and investors within entrepreneurial ecosystems. According to our analysis, leading accelerators play a mediating role in enabling entrepreneurs to attract investors with a higher profile than they would have otherwise. Using propensity score matching, we compare participants to several accelerator programs in North America with similar non-participating start-ups. We measure the prominence of their investors using their centrality in the investor-network. For several top-tier accelerators, we observe that startups who participated in their programs attracted higher profile investors than other similar start-ups that were not accelerated. Furthermore, among accelerators, pioneer Y-Combinator appears to benefit from a winner-takes-all effect, which is typical of platform competition: Not only do investors it connects its participant startups to appear to be of a higher profile, but it is also the only accelerator in our sample whose participants gain access to an amount of early-stage funding that is significantly higher than those raised by the control group.
Corporate accelerators (CA) are a rapidly growing institutional phenomenon in start-up ecosystems. As agile innovation units they offer start-ups fixed-term coaching programs that are supposed to provide benefits for both start-ups and established companies. Although the proliferation of CAs is highly evident, little is known about the efficacy of these programs, and the drivers of performance. Analyzing a hand-collected and novel data set containing more than 200 start-ups across 15 CA programs located throughout Germany, our results suggest that while start-ups benefit from small, specialized and industry-specific programs through synergies and economies of scale and scope; increasing specialization generates also disadvantages for the accelerated start-ups. In particular, lock-in effects and holdup problems may make it difficult to raise follow-up financing after leaving the accelerator program. This paper aims to fill into this gap in existing literature.
2019
Since the establishment of the Y-Combinator in Silicon Valley in 2005, accelerators are an ever-growing phenomenon that beginning with the United States is representative on six continents until today. This should not be surprisingly as nowadays, startups seem to be a major source of innovation, contributing to the invention of novel products and business models by using new technologies and thus are reasonable to secure the secure and development of local economies. To be defined accelerators are institutions that support high-growth, early-stage businesses support to create entrepreneur ́s ideas into sustainable business models through education, mentoring and funding. In counterpart to the until today better known model of incubators accelerators differ as they are limited to a shorter period of time of approximately three month, which leads to the recognition of a higher intensity that as a result shortens to time to discover the sustainability of businesses. Nevertheless, there...
2015
Objectives Accelerators have emerged as an increasingly popular means of supporting entrepreneurial activity with approximately 250 currently operating in both North America and Europe (Salidado, 2013) and there is evidence that survivorship is significantly enhanced when firms have been supported by an accelerator (Fox, 2014). Most accelerators follow a common business model in which there is competitive entry to a program providing support for a limited period (typically three months) to early-stage businesses during which time intensive mentoring and support is given and seed capital is invested in the young business. Using a theoretical framework based on liminality (Turner, 1969), participants in accelerator programs are depicted as undergoing a rite of passage. Studies in liminality suggest that certain processes follow a particular ritualistic pattern in which participants divest themselves of former identities and new identities are formed. During liminal processes, guidance is normally provided to the person: in accelerators this role is taken by mentors who will assist in the formation of the new identity. Studies in liminality point to the importance of threshold concepts (Meyer & Land, 2005) which are types of knowledge that a participant is expected to acquire prior to completion. Using the lens of liminality, this paper examines identity formation by looking at the manner in which it changes during the accelerator support period. What changes occur and what induces changes of identity? The role of the mentor within accelerators is also considered: what is the nature of their relationship with participants and how do they assist in this rite of passage? Prior Work Accelerators are a relatively recent phenomenon and it appears that they have not been examined in peer review journals. Approach A qualitative design, employing secondary sources, will be employed to illuminate the underlying liminal processes existing within accelerators. Results This is a work in progress Implications Accelerators represent an under-researched phenomenon and by using the lens of liminality, the process of intense change can be better understood. Value Accelerators play a crucial role in developing entrepreneurial activity: this study provides value by explaining the effects of Accelerators on participants in terms of identity formation, the role of mentoring and the expectations about acquired knowledge.
2020
Purpose: This paper aims to provide a better understanding of accelerators’ phenomenon, developing a business model framework for these organizations. The proposed framework aims to offer helpful guidance for practitioners and policymakers, together with various research opportunities for scholars. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs a structured literature review methodology, which guarantees the repeatability of the research and the validity of the outcomes. Additionally, to further test the results of our analysis, we interviewed ten practitioners from some accelerators located in Italy and Slovenia. Findings: Findings show that the literature on accelerators is still fragmented and under-investigated. The presented framework for an accelerator business model provides insights about the activity and the role of such organizations. The study offers fruitful avenues for future research on accelerators’ business models. Research limitations/implications: Given the fragmen...
2019
Business accelerators are one of the best sources of financing for seed-stage acceleratorsthe conclusion one can make based on the quite scant accelerator research. However, since the studies of accelerators have mostly based on the data on American top-accelerators, little is known about the success-factors of accelerators in other contexts. This article analyzes whether the success-factors found to influence accelerators are similar to these previously found in a different context of Estonia, where, despite the short period of the free market economy, a highly successful startup ecosystem has developed. To capture the full effect of accelerators in Estonia the complete sample on Estonian accelerated startups and accelerators is provided, which is unique in accelerator research, where mostly crowdsourced, incomplete datasets are used. The analysis from regression models revealed that size of funds gained from accelerators, average yearly sales and employees' growth and being a software company are predictive of success of accelerated startups. The internal and external success-factors that are linked to the fortune of accelerators are explored through semi-structured interviews with accelerator representatives. Accelerators owe their success to their intrinsic qualities, from which social networks creation by accelerator, deal flow/startup selection and reputation were considered important, but the analysis confirms that their external context, most importantly policy environment and presence of human capital, also strongly influence their success and creation.
The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2019
Over the past 15 years, accelerators emerged as a popular and distinct new form of intermediary organization, playing a key role in supporting entrepreneurial and innovation activities. To date, despite significant growth in accelerators research, there is still little understanding of how different forms of accelerators operate, and what outcomes they produce across different contexts. This paper reviews the existing scholarly research on accelerators using the Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome framework and is based on the analysis of 98 research papers on accelerators published in the last 15 years. The analysis identifies four mechanisms which explain how accelerators operate and the role they play in supporting entrepreneurship and innovation: the validation of ideas and products; the provision of product development and models learning; the provision of support to increase startups' market access & growth; and the provision of support for innovation. The paper identifies the methodological and theoretical gaps in current research and provides avenues to support future research and industry practice.
2021
There are competing theories for studying of accelerators and incubators. The absence of a unified understanding hinders start-up progress. Our research clarifies strengths and weaknesses of universitybased incubators to present a framework for improved effectiveness and development. Some research shows structural models connecting investors to other critical incubation mechanisms. Other research shows models relying on the incubator director's experience to embody this connection. In such cases, the incubator's success depends on its manager's ability to establish a viable link between stakeholders. Although the presence of these components for the incubator is essential; ensuring a structural interconnection is vital. Using four cases to establish a list of success factors; our conceptual framework demonstrates these two models and explores their potential.
2019
Corporate accelerator programs (CAPs) are company-supported, cohort-based programs for a limited period of time, that support startups through manifold types of resources. They are operated by corporations to achieve competitive advantage in a fast-changing economic environment and are a relatively recent phenomenon. As a result, the research on the efficacy and key success criteria of CAPs is highly important. Past research has identified nine success factors (implementation capability, networking, selection criteria, value proposition, target definition, top management support, mentor selection, mutual value, prior knowledge) on a nominal scale. However, it remains unclear if one is more or less important than the other. To close this gap in research a multiple case-study was performed interviewing eight top managers of corporate accelerator programs, four for each category, (strategic & investment) to rank the success factors according to their expert opinion on an ordinal scale....
M@n@gement
Corporate accelerators are often viewed as a way to capture innovation from startups. In this study, we present a fresh understanding of the specific role of corporate accelerators in accessing a number of strategic resources held by startups other than innovation. This research study explores the ways in which corporations use corporate accelerators to acquire resources held within the strategic factor markets in which startups compete. Using six in-depth case studies of corporate accelerators and 43 interviews with accelerators, corporations, and startups, we investigate the type of strategic resources that can be accessed by firms via corporate accelerators. We also explain the dynamics through which corporations gain access to some of these strategic resources.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
Recent years have seen the rapid emergence of a new type of program aimed at seeding startup companies. These programs, often referred to as accelerators, differ from previously known seed-stage institutions such as incubators and angel groups. While proliferation of such accelerators is evident, evidence on efficacy and role of these programs is scant. Nonetheless, local governments and founders of such programs often cite the motivation for their establishment and funding as the desire to transform their local economies through the establishment of a startup technology cluster in their region. In this paper, we attempt to assess the impact that such programs can have on the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the regions in which they are established, by exploring the effects of accelerators on the availability and provision of seed and early stage venture capital funding in the local region.
International Journal of Management and Economics
Accelerators have been becoming increasingly popular among young entrepreneurs interested in developing products, attracting investors, or establishing relations with industry represented by large companies. The focus of the studies is to conduct literature review due to the small number of scientific articles are available on this topic. The article aims to show the current state of knowledge about startup accelerators and the support they provide. It outlines what added value accelerators offer in their programs for young innovative companies. To achieve the stated aim, the authors combine a systematic literature review with a bibliometric analysis. The results of this research will be helpful in better matching the developed project with existing accelerator programs on the market. It can contribute to a better understanding of the principles governing the programs, program expectations of the accelerator and its partners with respect to the proposed solutions (corporations, busi...
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
Accelerators are a type of incubation program that are concerned with attracting, supporting and developing new ventures. Although there is significant enthusiasm for accelerators and their potential benefits, there is limited research on how their core capabilities can vary. In response, we develop a typology of accelerator capabilities taking into account their strategy, governance, business model, operations and finance. To develop the typology we carried out a benchmark analysis of six clean energy commercialization accelerators (CECAs). From this we verified and illustrated the dimensions of our typology and identified four types of accelerator capabilities: R&D focused, technology enabled, market enabled, and network enabled. We then use a seventh accelerator case to illustrate how our typology can be used to describe, understand and prescribe appropriate capabilities for a CECA. We conclude our paper by explaining the research and practice implications of our research.
2018
Today’s markets are characterized by fast and radical changes, posing an essential challenge to established companies. Startups, yet, seem to be more capable in developing radical innovations to succeed in those volatile markets. Thus, established companies started to experiment with various approaches to implement startup-like structures in their organization. Internal corporate accelerators (ICAs) are a novel form of corporate venturing, aiming to foster bottom-up innovations through intrapreneurship. However, ICAs still lack empirical investigations. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the interface between the ICA and the core organization and the respective support activities (resource access and support services) that create an innovation-supportive work environment for the intrapreneurial team. The results of this qualitative study, comprising 12 interviews with ICA teams out of two German high-tech companies, show that the resources provided by ICAs differ fro...
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