Sustainable Mobility as a Service: Supply Analysis and Test Cases
Corrado RindoneInformation
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Abstract
Urban mobility is one of the main issues in the pursuit of sustainability. The United Nations 2030 Agenda assigns mobility and transport central roles in sustainable development and its components: economic, social, and environment. In this context, the emerging concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) offers an alternative to unsustainable mobility, often based on private car use. From the point of view of sustainable mobility, the MaaS paradigm implies greater insights into the transport system and its components (supply, demand, and reciprocal interactions). This paper proposes an approach to the transport system aimed at overcoming the current barriers to the implementation of the paradigm. The focus is on the implications for the transport supply subsystem. The investigation method is based on the analysis of the main components of such subsystem (governance, immaterial, material, equipment) and its role in the entire transport system. Starting with the first experiences of Finn...
Figures (9)
![Figure 7. Supply models inside the TSM framework. The literature shows a limited adoption of the transport system approach. Within the research project introduced by Vitetta [10], this paper proposes the use of transport system models (TSMs) to evaluate the contributions of transport infrastructures and services to sustainability. The goal is to support planning and design processes to configure trans- port systems towards Maa&S 3.0. In particular, this paper focuses on models to simulate transport supply systems. All components classified in Section 2 become quantitative variables inside the TSM framework. This class of models is influenced by the output of demand management models, which can be classified as information, strategy, and incentives (see [7]). By combining these demand variables with other external data (e.g., meteorological conditions, macroeconomic situation, etc.), supply models support the definition of the designed variables of each transport supply component illustrated in Section 2. A schematic representation of the modelling framework is reported in Figure 7. The dotted lines indicate framework parts developed by other authors [7,12,15,36].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/89289286/figure_006.jpg)
![Figure 8. Spatiotemporal connections of an interchange node. Economic sustainability can be measured for a single element (e.g., link or node) or the entire transport network. RS Ss Me ee: OS Rie: momma By integrating transport demand and supply models, it is possible to evaluate user satisfaction or the maximum expected value of the utility related to all travel alternatives. The quantitative attributes, calculated with the application of transport supply cost func- tions, feed demand models [42]; for example, the quality of collective transport services can be represented with the attributes of a behavioural demand model to simulate user travel choices [43].](https://figures.academia-assets.com/89289286/figure_007.jpg)
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