The contemporary utility of Bowen’s original works

Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ)

The oop 炉 ce trees has been used sin ． 1920 in the garden of Kanto district ． According te the examina − tioll ， 血 ispaper fbund ， be 重 bre 面 s 重 rend has appcarcd ， the word of 門 ceppice " or the natne of the compOnents of " coppice " have bpen used in the plura1 Japanese modeTn literatures ． The track efJUkki lida ． the founder of the gardcn ， coinCides with the movement of modcrn literature dealt with thc coppice ． Ih thc mod pictures ， 山 e llew mo 髄f of 董 he deciduous trees were appearcd ． Juldti lida seemed to express 山is sense inhis garden as a contemporary ・ Keywmzls ' COppiCe ． garden， Japanese m ・ dern titerary wOrks atidpictures ， ノ燃 〃 ida

札幌大学総合論叢, 2007

Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2012

Although many definitions of services have been proposed in Service Science and Service Engineering, essentialities of the notion of "service" remain unclear. Especially, some existing definitions of service are similar to the definition of function of artifacts, and there is no clear distinction between them. Thus, aiming at an ontological conceptualization of service, we have made an ontological investigation into the distinction between service and artifact function. In this article, we reveal essential properties of service and propose a model and a definition of service. Firstly, we extract 42 properties of service from 15 articles in different disciplines in order to find out fundamental concepts of service. Then we show that the notion of function shares the extracted foundational concepts of service and thus point out the necessity of the distinction between them. Secondly, we propose a multi-layered model of services, which is based on the conceptualization of goal-oriented effects at the base-level and at the upper-level. Thirdly, based on the model, we clarify essential properties of service which can distinguish artifact function. The conceptualization of upper-effects (upper-service) enables us to show that upper-services include various effects such as sales and manufacturing. Lastly, we propose a definition of the notion of service based on the essential properties and show its validity using some examples.

Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies

The Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association, 2010

TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES, 2020

2003

日本体育学会体育史専門分科会2002年度春の定例研究集会(中京大学)シンポジウム報告 故岸野雄三先生と日本の体育・スポーツ史

International Journal of Human Culture Studies, 2017

北海道大學教育學部紀要 the Annual Reports on Educational Science, 1973

鎌倉時代語研究, 1997