A Comparison of the Reinforced Concrete Ability and RC Beam Joint
Soniya Sriram
Sathiyaraj Chinnasamy
Dr. Ramachandran Manickam2022, Construction and Engineering Structures, ISBN: 978-81-956353-3-7
https://doi.org/10.46632/ces/1/1/4visibility
…
description
6 pages
link
1 file
Sign up for access to the world's latest research
checkGet notified about relevant papers
checkSave papers to use in your research
checkJoin the discussion with peers
checkTrack your impact
Abstract
Reinforced Concrete beam is a type of section in which we draw concrete to the ultimate compressive strength that we use. The yield of the concrete was achieved before the final strength of the concrete. The top reinforced beam section undergoes a compressive failure. For a high-reinforcement beam designed to be loaded to full capacity, the concrete is in its ultimate 0.0035 tension zone, which will not yield much before the steel reaches it. Due to the small yield strength of steel it does not cause distortion and beam cracking and does not give adequate warning before failure. A heavily reinforced beam is economical because it is prone to brittle failure or sudden failure. Therefore, doubly reinforced beam is preferred over reinforced beam. Structural elements designed to withstand external loads of reinforced concrete beams. The loads are bending moment, shear forces and sometimes torsion along their length. Also, concrete is strong in compression and very weak in tension. A single long reinforced beam in tension zone is called singly reinforced beam. In such beams, the ultimate bending moment and tension due to bending is carried by the reinforcement, while compression is carried by the concrete. This type of beam is mainly provided when the beam depth is limited. One of finite depth if the beam is reinforced only on the tension side which is not strong enough to withstand the bending moment.
Related papers
EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT ON THE FAILURE LOAD OF RC BEAMS
CERM, Civil Engineering Research Magazine, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt., 2009
The beams are considered as a common element in our practical life and the cost of steel reinforcement is high. Thus, this paper searches for the economic percentage of reinforcement of R.C. sections. The beam is constrained by two hinged supports in the first model and is constrained by roller support at one end and hinged support at the other end in the second model. The effect of reinforcement on the failure load of reinforced concrete beams is studied to obtain the best economic percentage of reinforcement. A parametric study was carried out on 480 finite element models of reinforced concrete beams to investigate the significance of beam dimensions (length, depth and width), beam supports and the percentage reinforcement on the failure load. The investigation was conducted using the Computer program "OpenSeeS" [2], which is a finite element education package capable of performing the nonlinear analysis. This paper presents curves for estimating the difference in failure load between the minimum and maximum percentages of reinforcement.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam: An experimental investigation
ISET INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (CASE 2021)
A detailed survey was made on the different cement proportions and concrete grades used for the structural elements. The various strengthening methods studies in concrete were done by researchers in different part of the world. Strengthening increase the ultimate load carrying capacity this approach is relatively simple to implement and result in reduction in retrofitting cost compared to other for a structure or a bridge with identical beam diameters, there are practical and dependable techniques. The primary goal of these experiments is to learn more about the behaviour of RCC beams that have been strengthened using RC plates. All material testing were carried out in the laboratory in accordance with the Indian Standard regulations. Fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and cement were subjected to basic tests to determine their suitability for concrete production. The concrete mix was created according to IS 10262:1982 for M20 concrete grade.
Strength and behaviour of reinforced concrete spandrel beams
1983
The strength and behaviour of a reinforced concrete floor-spandrel beam assembly was investigated experimentally and analytically. Tests were carried out on a total of eighteen specimens simulating a typical floor-spandrel beam assembly which are divided into five groups, to evaluate the ultimate flexural, torsional and deformation capacities under the effect of various parameters. The main parameters examined were loading arrangement, the amounts of longitudinal and transverse steel in the spandrel beams and the concrete strength. The stress block parameters were evaluated at the inelastic stage for a section under flexural compression. The approach adopted was extended to include the effect of the confinement provided by the lateral reinforcement in the section. Analytical and empirical approaches were adopted to establish a procedure to evaluate the cracking and ultimate torsional strength of the reinforced concrete spandrel beams. The influence of test variables on the deformati...
Moment redistribution in RC beams – A study of the influence of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios and concrete strength
Engineering Structures, 2014
In this paper, the results from an experimental programme, aimed at investigating moment redistribution in statically indeterminate reinforced concrete structures, are presented and compared with theoretical analysis of the structural behaviour. Due to the nonlinear structural behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, linear elastic analysis can lead to an inaccurate assessment of the behaviour and, therefore, it can become necessary to use more advanced methodologies to achieve sufficiently accurate analysis. Furthermore, more advanced methods can enable a higher degree of performance optimisation of structures than those resulting from the simplified approaches adopted by existing design codes based on linear elastic analysis with redistribution of internal forces. In order to assess the load-carrying capacity at the ultimate limit state (ULS), a model combining plastic and nonlinear analysis is presented. The evolution of moment redistribution to structural collapse was studied experimentally for continuous two-span beams. The focus of the experiments was on the influence of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratio at the intermediate support, the transverse reinforcement ratio and the concrete strength. The experimental response at the ULS was further compared with the predicted distribution of internal forces according to the theoretical model. Evaluation of the experimental study indicated a highly nonlinear structural behaviour of the tested beams with the distribution of moment differing from linear elastic analysis, even for low load levels. The evolution of moment redistribution and the moment redistribution at the ULS were appreciably dependent on the arrangement of longitudinal reinforcement, whilst the transverse reinforcement ratio had a marginal impact up to yielding of the longitudinal reinforcing steel, with the concrete strength slightly reducing the degree of moment redistribution. For those beams which failed in flexure, predictions from the theoretical model presented were in good agreement with the experimental results. However, several beams collapsed in shear-related failure modes.
A Review on Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joint: Role, Modeling and Recent Details
The Journal of Engineering Research, 2020
Reinforced concrete RC frames are commonly used system in RC buildings. The philosophy behind the proper design for this type of frames is to provide them with sufficient ductility. The structural ductility of a frame is mainly determined by the ductility of its components, i.e. the beams, columns and joints forming this frame. Beam-column joint BCJ role in a building is to connect its components together and enable these component to reach their ultimate resistance. BCJ stiffness, strength and ductility are key characteristics needed to guarantee efficient building behaviour under the action of different loads. Previous research shows that building’s damage may be caused by inadequate reinforcement details of its BCJs. Deficiency in joints performance is related to inadequate codes guidelines or to bad construction practice. This paper reviewed the provisions of three different codes (ACI 318-08, Eurocode 8 and ECP-203) concerning the proper design and detailing of different BCJs. ...
Effect steel reinforcement ratio on the behavior of RC beam without concrete at tension zone using truss-system reinforcement
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Massive exploration of the natural materials for producing concretes affect to the environment condition and global warming that may cause natural disasters. Therefore the using of the concrete materials should be as efficient as possible. According to its natural behavior of the concrete material, it is strong in compression and weak in tension. Therefore the contribution of the tensile stresses of the concrete to the flexural capacity of the beams is neglected. However, removing concrete on the tension zone affects to the decreasing of flexural capacity. Based on the previous studies, beam without concrete at the tension zone using truss-system reinforcement causes the tension crack near the supports. This crack might because decreasing the flexural capacity of the beam. One of the solutions to solve this problem is by strengthening the beams using steel reinforcements. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of steel reinforcement near the supports on the behavior of...
Strength deterioration of reinforced concrete beam–column joints subjected to cyclic loading
Engineering Structures, 2009
This paper proposes a method to predict the ductile capacity of reinforced concrete beam-column joints failing in shear after the development of plastic hinges at both ends of the adjacent beams. After the plastic hinges occur at both ends of the beams, the longitudinal axial strain at the center of the beam section in the plastic hinge region is expected to increase abruptly because the neutral axis continues to move toward the extreme compressive fiber and the residual strains of the longitudinal bars continue to increase with each cycle of additional inelastic loading cycles. An increase in the axial strain of the beam section after flexural yielding contributes to a widening of the cracks in the beam-column joints, thus leading to a reduction in the shear strength of the beam-column joints. The proposed method includes the effect of longitudinal axial strain of a beam in the plastic hinge region of the beam on the joint longitudinal strain and the strength deterioration of the joint. In order to verify the shear strength and the corresponding deformability of the proposed method, test results of RC beam-column assembly were compared. Comparisons between the observed and calculated shear strengths and their corresponding deformability of the tested assemblies showed reasonable agreement.
Confined Reinforced Concrete Beam
Sciences & Technologie, 2000
Dans cet article, un modele pour le béton armé confiné est proposé. La relation de Kent et Park est généralisée pour prendre en compte l'effet des armatures longitudinales, le module d'élasticité du béton et celui des armatures sur la résistance et la ductilité des éléments en béton armé. Une nouvelle approche pour l'analyse de la branch descendante de la courbe contraintesdéformations du béton en compression est également proposée.
Strengthening of RC Beams Using Externally Bonded Plates and Anchorages
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2008
This paper presents a study on strengthened reinforced concrete beams using externally bonded plates and anchorages. Strengthening materials and methods, failure modes of strengthened beams, effect of end anchorages and effect of intermediate anchorages are reviewed. An experimental programme to evaluate the structural behaviour of anchored steel plate and CFRP laminate flexurally strengthened reinforced concrete beams is also reported. A total of five beams, each 2300 mm long, 125 mm wide, and 250 mm deep, were fabricated and tested. One beam was left un-strengthened to act as the control beam, two beams were strengthened with steel plate and another two beams were strengthened with CFRP laminate. From each of the steel plate and CFRP laminate strengthened beams, one beam was left unanchored and another beam was anchored at the end and shear spans (intermediate anchored) by L shape plates to avoid premature failure. The experimental results overall showed that the strengthened beams had higher failure loads and good failure modes over the control beam. Results also illustrated that the end with intermediate anchored strengthened beams.
Related papers
Behavior of RC Beam–Column Joints Strengthened with Modified Reinforcement Techniques
Sustainability
Using a significant number of transverse hoops in the joint’s core is one recognized way for achieving the requirements of strength, stiffness, and ductility under dynamic loading in a column joint. The shear capacity of a joint is influenced by the concrete’s compressive strength, the anchoring of longitudinal beam reinforcement, the number of stirrups in the joint, and the junction’s aspect ratio. Seismic motion on the beam may produce shear capacity and bond breaking in the joint, causing the joint to fracture. Furthermore, due to inadequate joint design and details, the entire structure is jeopardized. In this study, the specimens were divided into two groups for corner and interior beam–column joints based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The controlled specimen has joint detailing as per IS 456:2000, and the strengthened specimen has additional diagonal cross bars (modified reinforcement technique) at the joints detailed as per IS 456:200. The displacement time history cu...
The effect of concrete strength and reinforcement on toughness of reinforced concrete beams
Construction and Building Materials, 2005
Evaluation of Advanced Reinforcement Pattern in Exterior RC Beam-Column Joint
Design philosophy permits moment-resisting frames subjected to seismic loading, apart from a few exceptions, to be induced into the inelastic range where the forces that develop in parts of the structure will exceed their design values. In this phase of inelastic intensity, the beam-column joints are obliged to resist high horizontal and vertical shear stresses coming from the adjacent beams and columns. This occurs during a large number of inelastic cycles, while the joints need to dissipate large energy. Reinforced concrete beam-column joints are critical regions in reinforced concrete frames subjected to severe seismic attack. Beam moment reversals can produce high shear forces and bond breakdown into the joint resulting in cracking of the joint. The most important factors affecting the shear capacity of exterior RC beam-column joints are: the concrete compressive strength, the joint aspect ratio of the joints and number of lateral ties inside the joint. Advanced Reinforcement Pattern (ARP crossed inclined bars) is a feasible solution for increasing the shear capacity of the cyclically loaded exterior beam-column joints. The presence of inclined bars introduces an additional mechanism for shear transfer. External beam-column joints with crossed inclined reinforcement (ARP) modelled in Ansys Workbench showed high strength, and no appreciable deterioration even after reaching the maximum capacity. Hysteresis loops are observed, with more energy dissipation capacity and it varies from 45 % to 65 % in ARP-2 pattern, which makes the joint relatively more ductile. The load resisting capacity is increased by 1.43 times the yield strength as compared to that of seismic joint (IS: 13920-1993). The pattern shifts the flexural hinges away from the joint thus failure occurs at the end of the beam near the column, absorbing more energy. It increases the joint shear capacity of external RC beam-column joint by 18%.
Yearnings of a Reinforced Concrete Structure
2009
Portland cement based concrete is today the most widely used material of construction. Concrete has attained this preeminent position because of many useful properties it is endowed with. Among these properties are the relative ease of formability, rigidity on setting and curing, and the great ability to resist compressive forces (generally in the range of 20-80 MPa and in special cases up to 280 MPa). Concrete is, however, weak in its resistance to tensile forces, flexural tension, shear and torque. It tends to be brittle in nature. These weaknesses are overcome with the addition of reinforcing bars (rebars) of steel in the case of reinforced concrete and high strength steel wires or cables in the case of prestressed concrete. With its weaknesses overcome and its positive properties retained, beautiful concrete structures have given expression to man’s imagination and sense of elegance. The utility and elegance as well as the durability of concrete structures, built during the firs...
Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal Effect of Construction Joints on Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Construction joints are stopping places in the process of placing concrete, and they are required because in many structures it is impractical to place concrete in one continuous operation. The amount of concrete that can be placed at one time is governed by the batching and mixing capacity and by the strength of the formwork. A good construction joint should provide adequate flexural and shear continuity through the interface.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with confined concrete related to ultimate bending and shear strength
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2017
This research is to investigate the behaviour of overbalanced High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams with the compression zone confined with spiral / helical steel reinforcements. The study covered beam behaviour with respect to flexural strength, shear strength, deflection and cracking related to confined concrete. Six 200mm (width) X 300mm (depth) X 3000mm (length) Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams, the first three beams incorporating steel ratio of 1.42ρb and the remaining 1.64ρb were tested under a four point static load test. The confinement of the concrete was carried out using spiral reinforcements of diameter 6mm and yield stress of 406N/mm2 with pitches of 50mm and 100mm. Measurements of deflection, cracking, and strains on both main reinforcements and concrete of the beams were taken. At the same level of stress, beams with confined concrete strained less than control beams without confinement for both tensile strain at the main steel reinforcement and compressive strain across the compression zone of concrete. Deflections of beams with helical confinement were less than the control beams.All beams failed in shear / flexural mode and gave fair warning against failure, more specifically beams with 1.42ρb, which is not normally associated with shear-type failure of beams which are over reinforced. The early shear failure prevented the beams from achieving its full utilisation of the ultimate strength. It is recommended that for over-reinforced confined concrete beams, the shear strength of beams should be based on using the diagonal compressive strut angle (θ) of more than 22 degrees recommended in Eurocode 2 (EC2), hence giving the beam higher safety factor against shear failure. All samples exhibited flexure and shear cracks in a manner which gave a good warning against failure. The ratio of the failure load to the theoretical ultimate load for shear ranged between 0.98 and 1.25 while the ratio of the failure load to the ultimate flexural load ranged between 1.00 and 1.25. Because of the early shear failure, the effects of spiral spacing could not be well identified.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.