Development in techniques for gingival depigmentation – An update
santhosh kumar2012, Indian Journal of Dentistry
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Abstract
Dental esthetic needs of patients are increasing with a greater demand on pleasing look. This demand gets fulfilled not only by having healthy set of dentition but also esthetically improved gingival component. Gingival melanin pigmentation is one of the factors which determine the smile of an individual. Based on the available literature gingival melanin pigmentation can vary depending on whether it is physiological or pathological. Its esthetic importance depends on the skin complexion of the patient and is one of the most important factors for determining the treatment for gingival melanin pigmentation. It is necessary to select an appropriate technique for treating unaesthetic gingival melanin pigmentation of patients and the treatment should cause minimal discomfort and should be effective for a longer period of time. Treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation can be done using scalpel, chemical agents, abrasion, grafts, electro surgery, cryosurgery or lasers. Recent reports on treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation using cryosurgery and lasers show results in terms of ease of use, acceptance and patient comfort to be far superior to other techniques. This literature review is done to classify and explore the recent treatments and future procedures available for depigmentation.
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Excessive gingival pigmentation is a major aesthetic concern in modern society, though it is not a medical problem they consider it as a negative attribute. Patients with gingival hyperpigmentation usually complain and request cosmetic therapy, particularly if the pigmentation is visible during speaking and smiling. Various depigmentation methods, including burr abrasion, cryosurgery, electro-surgery, split thickness flap excision and surgical scraping techniques have been used with varying degrees of success. Recently, lasers have been used to ablate cells containing and producing the melanin pigment. The present study was undertaken to compare the clinical effectiveness and patient comfort of surgical scrapping and diode laser technique used for gingival depigmentation for a follow up period of 6 months.20 subjects participated in this split mouth study. The clinical evaluation parameters included Extent and Intensity of gingival hyperpigmentation, post-operative gingival bleeding...
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Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people. Melanin pigmentation is known to be caused by melanin granules within the gingival epithelium. Though it is not a medical pathology, many people complain of dark gums as unesthetic.Various depigmentation techniques have been employed, such as scalpel technique, gingivectomy, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, chemical agents such as 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, abrasion with diamond burs, Nd:YAG laser, semiconductor diode laser, and CO 2 laser.In the present case, two techniques namely; scalpel technique and diode laser technique for gingival depigmentation have been performed so as to compare and evaluate the two techniques.
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Gingival pigmentation is an esthetic problem for many people. It is mainly caused by the physiologic deposition of melanin granules within the gingival epithelium by melanocytes. Melanin hyperpigmentation of the gingiva does not present a medical problem & is completely benign in nature. Many people complain of 'black gums', and this can pose psychological problems and embarrassment in some people, particularly if the gingiva is visible during speech and smiling (high lip line). In current case report, hyperpigmentation is reported & treated by using different techniques (scalpel, diode laser, bur abrasion and electrosurgery) in a split mouth design.
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Introduction: Gingival hyperpigmentation is excessive deposition of melanin pigments in the epithelium of gingiva which affects facial esthetics. Various surgical methods for gingival depigmentation have been used to treat the darkened color of pigmented gingiva. This study compared the use of 940 nm diode laser and liquid nitrogen cryosurgery in the treatment of gingival physiologic hyperpigmentation in terms of gingival depigmentation, postoperative pain, healing duration, pigmentation recurrence, and patients’ satisfaction. Methods: Fifteen systemically healthy patients (11 females and 4 males; 17-35 years of age) with bilateral gingival physiologic hyperpigmentation were enrolled in this split-mouth randomized study. Maxillary anterior labial gingiva of each patient was divided into left and right halves, and each half was randomly depigmented by either laser or cryosurgery. Patients were given questionnaires to evaluate the procedures and were followed up in 3, 7, 10, 17 and 21...
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