DISSOLVED OXYGEN MASS BALANCE IN AQUACULTURE PONDS

Aquacultural Engineering, 1990

A computer model of water quality in aquaculture ponds (The Aquaculture Pond model, TAP) has been run for data obtained from five research sites around the world. The procedures followed for data manipulation, and the assumptions made to complete the data requirements are described. Agreement between simulated and measured dissolved oxygen values was used as an indicator of the quality of the simulations. The quality of the simulations varied between sites and in some cases between pond treatments at a given site. Possible reasons for the variations in quality of fit are discussed.

The performance of a model developed by Ali (2006) to simulate aquaculture pond temperature was evaluated using sensitivity analysis and the model verified with data from aquaculture pond. The sensitivity analysis showed that output varied linearly with changes in average air temperature and solar radiation. Results from model verification runs showed that the model performance was satisfactory with respect to aquaculture pond temperature. In the future, the model will be used to investigate the effects of aquaculture pond temperature on daily growth rate to obtain the weight of individual fish throughout the year

Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 1997

2021

In intensive shrimp culture, oxygen consumption of shrimp is an important indicator that greatly affects the physiological condition of shrimp as a reared organism. The purpose of this study was to dynamically determine the oxygen consumption of shrimp in intensive culture as well as the variables of water quality and shrimp growth. This research was conducted with the concept of ex-post facto causal design in intensive aquaculture ponds during the shrimp cultivation period. During the shrimp culture period, the rate of oxygen consumption of shrimp is inversely related with the sigmodial average increase in shrimp body weight. Meanwhile, based on the simulation analysis with the dynamic modeling concept, it is shown that oxygen consumption was linear to the dynamics of average daily gain and inversely proportional with the increasing rate of shrimp biomass in the ponds. In addition, oxygen consumption rate of shrimp in intensive ponds had a close relationship with water salinity a...

Aquaculture, 2018

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important livestock in regions of Central Europe, where it is bred in shallow, turbid ponds (mean depth 1 m). A frequent problem observed in this form of aquaculture is hypoxia, which confines the fish close to the surface, preventing them from optimally feeding at the bottom. According to information propagated in textbooks and good practice guidebooks and internet documents, the best solution to that is aeration in the early morning hours, when oxygen concentration is supposed to be minimal. While we wanted to test the feasibility of photovoltaic power for aeration of ponds, we detected that on days with bright sunshine the lowest oxygen concentration occurs in the afternoon at the bottom layer of a shallow pond, and that oxygen distribution is highly influenced by thermal stratification. This formation of layers of different temperatures within the water body inhibits the diffusion of oxygen. A breaking of the stratification effectively increases the oxygen concentration, elevating the overall amount of oxygen in the pond. Consequently, the drop in oxygen concentration at night is less dramatic, and critically low levels of oxygen in deeper zones of the pond are avoided. A comparison between the oxygen distribution and daytime or nighttime aeration showed that on days with bright sunshine it is more effective to force mixing of the entire water column during the day, making the use of a photovoltaic power system feasible. This offers a simple and elegant solution for ponds which are not connected to the power grid.

Aquaculture Research, 1988

The application of computer modelling to the study of aquaculture ponds is reviewed. Two basic types of models are identified: empirical and mechanistic. In empirical modeis, the pond system is treated as a 'black box', and the relationship between inputs and outputs is determined by statistical analysis of data. In mechanistic models ('internally descriptive'), processes taking place within the pond are identified and described mathematically. A framework for the development of a mechanistic model of an aquaculture pond is presented. Sample formulations for some critical variables are discussed.

2020

Post doctor en Gerencia de la Educación, [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-1732, Fundación Tecnológica Antonio de Arévalo Unitecnar, Design and Implementation of System and Monitoring of the variables: Ph, oxygen level and temperature for piscicola cultivation pond in the International Nautical, Fluvial and Port Center Diseño e implementación del sistema y monitoreo de las variables: Ph, nivel de oxígeno y temperatura para el estanque de cultivo de piscicola en el Centro Internacional Náutico, Fluvial y Portuario

The prediction of aquaculture pond temperatures throughout the year is essential to the design and evaluation of potential aquaculture sites. An energy balance was developed for earthen aquaculture ponds to 1) determine the relative importance of energy transfer mechanisms affecting pond temperature; 2) predict pond temperatures, and 3) estimate the energy required to control pond temperatures. A computer program was developed to solve the energy balance using weather and pond temperature data. Initial simulations for aquaculture pond validated the model’s ability to predict pond temperature changes. The dominant energy transfer mechanisms for ponds were solar radiation, pond radiation and longwave sky radiation. Finally, management and design questions about the warm water aquaculture ponds, such as the pond temperature throughout an average weather year, the amount of energy needed to maintain the pond temperature constant and the amount of energy required to warm a pond from 10 to 28°C, were answered by additional simulations.

Aquacultural Engineering, 2012

Several linear and non-linear models for centralized remote-control systems that can support decision making of semi-intensive aquaculturists concerning the inflow rates to the ponds were evaluated. These models were: multiple linear regressions (MLRs), generalized additive models (GAMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). These modeling techniques were applied in a semiintensive gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fishfarm located in southern Spain. The water temperature, ammonia concentration, turbidity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the ponds were measured and used as independent variables. Of all the approaches employed to simulate the actual water exchange operation in the ponds, the best fits were obtained using ANN and FLC models with only three input variables (turbidity measured at the input of the ponds and dissolved oxygen measured at the input and output of the ponds). These models provided levels of correlation between 0.73 and 0.75. In contrast, the best GAM and MLR models provided correlation coefficients of only 0.38 and 0.33, respectively. In spite of the results being statistically significant, the explained variance levels obtained indicate how difficult it is to capture the experience and knowledge of the aquaculturist concerning the operation of the water exchange in the ponds for maintaining the water quality in these production systems.

International Journal of Geosciences, 2013

Fish culture in earthen ponds is an important source of income for farmers in northern Thailand. Water quality in ponds has strong impacts on fish production farmers' return and is sensitive to weather and climate. Low levels of dissolved oxygen in fish ponds are major cause of mass mortality. Stratification with depth in ponds followed by rapid turnover or exchange of surface and bottom water can expose fish to dangerously low dissolved oxygen levels. The main purpose of this study was to observe the effects of weather on stratification and subsequent water turnover in fish ponds in northern Thailand, especially in the winter and rainy season, when stratification was expected to be most severe. Temperature and water quality measurements were made in fish ponds at 18 farms with depths ranged from 0.8-2.0 m and size of 0.16-0.64 ha. Measurements were made during January and May 2013. Fish farm pond sites were divided into two groups based on elevation above sea level: low (<400 masl) and high (>400 masl) and categorized into 3 types of farming: commercial, integrated and subsistence. In lower elevation sites, water turnover occurred at night between 22.00 and 02.00 in winter and between 18.00 and 02.00 in rainy season. At higher elevation, turnover occurred in ponds between 20.00 and 22.00 in winter and between 14.00 and 18.00 in rainy season. Turnover was slower in the lower elevation than in higher elevation zones and generally occurred earlier during the rainy season than in the winter. Mean DO in winter was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in rainy season, whilst water temperature and amount of ammonia-nitrogen during the rainy season was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in winter. Turnover improves distribution of dissolved oxygen through the water column and minimizes organic matter accumulation. Cloud cover during the rainy season may have contributed to limit oxygen production and thus may have significantly affect water quality in ponds. Fish farmers should consider more explicitly the role of temperature and cloud conditions when managing dissolved oxygen levels in their fish ponds. Therefore, efficient pond aeration or pond mixing strategies for reducing stratification still plays an important component for providing sound pond management in tilapia production ponds.

International Journal of Science and Engineering, 2013

The development of aquaculture system should meet the community's basic need economically by taking into account the carrying capacity and environmental sustainability. The development of the environmentally friendly system such as silvofishery is being promoted by government however its yield has not reached the target yet. Dissolved oxygen availability is an important indicator which determines the success of the aquaculture system. The objective of the research was to determine dissolved oxygen availability on traditional pond systems using silvofishery pattern. Time series data collection was conducted once in 14 days with 2 measuring times; in the morning (06.00 am) and in the evening (06.00 pm) for 112 days. The research was conducted at four different silvofishery pond patterns, Pond Pattern 1 (0% mangrove canopy covered), Pond Pattern 2 (35% mangrove canopy covered), Pond Pattern 3 (67% mangrove canopy covered), and Pond Pattern 4 (75% mangrove canopy covered). Measurement was observed openly in the pond (in situ) with parameters: dissolved oxygen, temperature, Water pH, Salinity, Transparency, Wind Speed, and Depth of Water Table, while chlorofil-a was ex-situ measured. The result from each parameter was compared to optimum concentration rate for shrimp growth. From the experiment, Pond Pattern 1 showed the most satisfaction results. Its dissolved oxygen availability during the research was ≥ 4 mg/L which was 5.88 mg/L ±0.48 mg/L in the evening (06.00 pm) and 4.33 mg/L ±1.24 mg/L in the morning (06.00 am). It was also supported by optimum condition of other parameters such as temperature, Water pH, Salinity, Wind Speed, and Depth of Water Table. However, it was not supported by fertility and transparency of water. Thus, the traditional pattern of conservation still needs additional technology to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen availability for optimum shrimp growth.

Water Science and Technology, 2017

for 3 consecutive years at three different stocking densities (S.D), viz., 20,000, 35,000 and 50,000 numbers of fingerlings per hectare of water spread area. Fingerlings of Catla, Rohu and Mrigal were raised at a stocking ratio of 4:3:3. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) value along with other fishpond water quality parameters was monitored at 1 day intervals to ensure a good water ecosystem for a better fish growth. Water exchange was carried out before the TAN reached the critical limit. Field data on TAN obtained from the cultured fishponds stocked with three different stocking densities were used to study the dynamics of TAN. A developed model used to study the nutrient dynamics in shrimp pond was used to validate the observed data in the IMC pond ecosystem. Two years of observed TAN data were used to calibrate the spreadsheet model and the same model was validated using the third year observed data. The manual calibration based on the trial and error process of parameters adjustments was used and several simulations were performed by changing the model parameters. After adjustment of each parameter, the simulated and measured values of the water quality parameters were compared to judge the improvement in the model prediction. Forward finite difference discretization method was used in a MS-Excel spreadsheet to calibrate and validate the model for obtaining the TAN levels during the culture period. Observed data from the cultured fishponds of three different S.D were used to standardize 13 model parameters. The efficiency of the developed spreadsheet model was found to be more than 90% for the TAN estimation in the IMC cultured fishponds.

Science of the Total Environment, 2013

A coupled biogeochemical-DEB model was developed for semi-intensive fishponds.

Agricultural Sciences, 2013

This paper presents the consumptive water use for freshwater pond aquaculture for semi-intensive carps farming practices. The consumptive use of water includes evaporation loss, seepage loss and water exchanges requirements. The water requirement has been estimated to be 10.3 m 3 /Kg of fish production under present study for semi-intensive culture and with supplemental feeding. Out of which 7.6 m 3 /Kg of fish production is system associated requirement. On an average the evaporation loss from the pond is 1498.3 mm/year and seepage loss per year is about 1182.60 mm/year. Seepage and water exchange losses recharge the ground water aquifers and if they are treated and recycled, the water use in aquaculture can be reduced significantly. A further reduction in fresh water use in pond aquaculture is possible through development of intensive and superintensive culture systems and aqua feeds.

Ecological Modelling, 183: 11-28 (2005)

""A continuous deterministic model is proposed for qualitatively simulating the dynamics of an experimental aquaculture plant. The governing equations are ordinary differential equations. The state variables are considered in terms of biomass or concentrations and the equations are built according to balance arguments. The aquaculture plant may be represented in terms of two main elements: the tanks, where different species of fish are grown, and a pond, that provides for phytodepuration of the waste water of the tanks. The main forcing functions are temperature and solar radiation. The state variables are fish, feed and detritus in the tanks, while nutrients, phytoplankton, macrophytes, bacterial pool and detritus are those considered in the pond. A daily exogeneous input of fish feed is also considered. The model takes into account for both diel and seasonal variability.""