Blockchain Technologies in Smart Cities

IOP conference series, 2020

The rise of global urbanisation has led to massive pressures on resources such as food, water, infrastructure, and energy demand to support growing populations. It brings adverse impacts on the liveable condition and economic growth of a country if this problem remains unsolved. Smart city is a potential solution to address the challenges of urbanisation by leveraging the technological breakthrough such as internet of things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, big data, and cloud computing to facilitate scarce resources planning and management. With numerous connected devices and vast communication networks, it poses a challenges of security threat which cannot be addressed by the conventional cybersecurity solutions. Blockchain offers a solution in securing the huge numbers of connected devices in smart city network. The application of blockchain technology is leading in the banking and financial industry. However, the uses and implementations in smart city have emerged in recent years. The combination of blockchain technology and smart city has offered a great potential for sustainable development. Thus, it is imperative to discuss the potential of these two elements in making the city safer and sustainable. This paper explores how the blockchain technology application can help in managing smart city and achieve sustainability. The findings revealed that there are five key areas of blockchain application in smart city which are smart governance, smart mobility, smart asset, smart utility and smart logistic. A framework for smart sustainable city with blockchain technology is presented as an outcome of this study. It gives a clear overview for the policy makers and regulators of how blockchain supports within smart city framework. It facilitates the transition towards smart and sustainable cities through the use of blockchain.

The term "Smart City" denotes a comprehensive concept to alleviate pending problems of modern urban areas which have developed into an important work field for practitioners and scholars alike. However, the question remains as to how cities can become "smart". The application of information technology is generally considered a key driver in the "smartization" of cities. Detailed frameworks and procedures are therefore needed to guide, operationalize, and measure the implementation process as well as the impact of the respective technologies. In this paper, we discuss blockchain technology, a novel driver of technological transformation that comprises a multitude of underlying technologies and protocols, and its potential impact on smart cities. We specifically address the question of how blockchain technology may benefit the development of urban areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we present a framework and research propositions. We identify nine application fields of blockchain technology in the smartization of cities: (1) healthcare, (2) logistics and supply chains, (3) mobility, (4) energy, (5) administration and services, (6) e-voting, (7) factory, (8) home and (9) education. We discuss current developments in these fields, illustrate how they are affected by blockchain technology and derive propositions to guide future research endeavors.

Objectives: Incorporating new technologies into the development of smart cities means rethinking the way different services are provided. From this perspective, Blockchain might represent the future of both smart cities and smart communities as it offers new alternatives for individuals and institutions. Prior Work: Blockchain was mainly perceived through its linkage with bitcoin, but recent developments have started exploring the idea of using it for financial transactions, logistics and securing contracts. Tapscott & Tapscott (2016)have acknowledged the potential the Blockchain Revolution had on redefining the idea of trust in both digital and local communities. Blockchain technology has the ability to enhance transparency of local and regional institutions while also making it easier to communicate sensitive data without compromising security and privacy. Approach: We look at the different fields blockchain can have an impact on and we try to assess the viability of moving towards an integrated platform for intermediating day-today activities between both institutions and individuals. We will assess the advantages of digitizing and securing public and private data while also considering the potential risks this process might involve. Results: We aim to create a model of how blockchain might work in communities and assess its impact on the overall economic and human development indicators. Implications: Public administrators in many countries are starting to acknowledge blockchain's potential in solving problems for local communities our results will be a valuable starting point for developing local initiatives for using blockchain as a platform for communications and transactions. Furthermore, a smart city must be a city where individuals can interact and solve their issues quickly, using digital technologies for increased efficiency. Value: Blockchain is thought to be the future of managing both public and private affairs. Countries such as Dubai, Singapore and China are incorporating blockchain technology into developing smart cities. Blockchain makes us rethink many of the different aspects of how communities can be organized, offering new alternatives and promising a more transparent and efficient economic model.

Informatica Economica

Given the continuous development of urban areas, integrated policies are needed to improve the lives of urban residents by implementing integrated, interoperable and secure electronic services. Public administrations recognize the potential of blockchain in solving the problems of local communities. Blockchain, initially perceived through its association with cryptocurrency bitcoin, offers an innovative perspective on how smart cities can be organized and a more transparent economic model for resource management. This study analyses how blockchain technology-based services can contribute to the development of smart cities and proposes a Smart City ecosystem model based on SSI (Self-Sovereign Identity) authentication model and smart contracts between entities, citizens and administrations. It also overviews the domains in which this technology can be used. The results can be a starting point for the development of local initiatives for using the blockchain as a platform for communications and transactions in the public sector.

Smart Cities

The term “Smart City” denotes a comprehensive concept to alleviate pending problems of modern urban areas which have developed into an important work field for practitioners and scholars alike. However, the question remains as to how cities can become “smart”. The application of information technology is generally considered a key driver in the “smartization” of cities. Detailed frameworks and procedures are therefore needed to guide, operationalize, and measure the implementation process as well as the impact of the respective technologies. In this paper, we discuss blockchain technology, a novel driver of technological transformation that comprises a multitude of underlying technologies and protocols, and its potential impact on smart cities. We specifically address the question of how blockchain technology may benefit the development of urban areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we present a framework and research propositions. We identify nine application fields of...

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019

In 2016, India launched the smart cities mission. The objective of this mission is to developed cities by using ‘Smart’ solutions that provide core infrastructure and give citizens a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development. To achieve this it uses the technology to integrate and manage the infrastructures to provide better services and ensure efficient and optimal utilisation of available resources. Incorporation of new technologies for the development of smart cities gives the new ways of rethinking different services. In this paper, we are going study the applications of blockchain technology in smart city development

Soft Computing Research Society eBooks, 2023

Today we undoubtedly live in one of the fastest-changing times humanity has ever seen. Blockchain is revolutionizing the whole world by bringing a new geometry to security, efficiency, and stability of systems and data. Blockchain Technology is more than just Bitcoin but it is a foundational technology that can disrupt every industry. The architecture of blockchain technology enables everybody on the system to trust the system. The incarnation of new technologies for the development of smart cities gives new ways of rethinking different services. Given the continuous development of urban areas, a new approach to urban government innovation is required for smart cities and smart technologies are essential for it. The objective of smart cities mission is to provide smart solutions to drive economic growth, increase the quality of life, development of urban ecosystems, etc. Blockchain enables our cities to exchange data with a high degree of reliability and transparency without the need for a centralized administrator. As a result, several venture capital firms and large enterprises are investing in blockchain technology research and trials to re-imagine traditional practices and business models. In this paper, we specifically address the question of how blockchain technology may benefit the development of urban areas.

Smart Cities

A smart city can be defined as an integration of systems comprising a plethora of task-oriented technologies that aim to evolve and advance with city and infrastructure needs while providing services to citizens and resolving urban challenges through intersystem and data-driven analytical means, with minimal human intervention. Applications of technology include management, operations, and finance. One such technology is Blockchain. A main advantage of Blockchain is the simplification of processes that are costly and time-consuming. This is accomplished by simplifying operations to minimize costs resulting from the decentralization of assets. Blockchain has been proven to facilitate transparency, security, and the elimination of data fragmentation. However, as a relatively new technology, it poses regulatory obstacles. This issue can be attributed to the fact that many infrastructural governing organizations have incomplete knowledge of their infrastructure, which can lead to confus...

International Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters (IJAEML), 2020

Smart Cities are well planned, designed, and established keeping in mind the growing need ofcitizens in search of better livelihood. Technology has played a big role in equipping SmartCities to offer better facilities to its citizens in terms of better living comfort, better atmosphere,better surrounding, better medical facilities, and most importantly ease of doing business,office, and day to day activities. While doing so, IT Infrastructure and online transactions haveinfluenced all the operational processes of Smart Cities and almost acting as its backbone.Obviously, any adverse impact on online transactions can create chaos in Smart Cityoperations. To address this concern, a safe and reliable online transaction is a must. In thispaper, we have discussed Blockchain Technology-based solutions for Smart Cities and theirpotential impact on Smart Cities Development. We specifically tried to address the concern ofhow Smart City online operational processes for various applications can be made reliable andsafe by using Blockchain Technology and how this technology can benefit Smart Cities overalldevelopment. Based on the comprehensive research and detailed literature review, we proposedBlockchain Technology based secure framework for Smart Cities. We also identified variousapplications and process areas that can be highly benefited by using Blockchain Technologyand can make these applications smarter and more reliable and fit for use for any Smart City.

IJIRT, 2022

Urbanization is the progressive growth in the number of people living in urban regions, the population movement from rural to urban areas, and the adjustments made by each society to this transition. It is primarily the process by which towns and cities are created and enlarge as more people move into urban centers to live and work. This is where the idea of a smart city is introduced. A smart city is, in general, a community that makes use of technology to deliver services and address urban issues. A smart city enhances social services, promotes sustainability, and gives its residents a voice. It also works to make transportation, accessibility, climate etc. better. The least amount of human intervention is required for all of these. At that point, urban governance becomes seamless and effective. To do this, we should employ quick and improved technology to meet the needs of a smart city and enhance the quality of life for citizens. One such technology that can meet the new and growing expectations for a smart city's efficient and seamless operation is blockchain technology. The reduction of expensive and time-consuming operations is one of blockchain's primary benefits.