Genomics and Ethics: The Case of Cloned and/or Transgenic Animals

2004

Animal biotechnology can be broadly categorized as encompassing the asexual reproduction of animals through cloning, and genetic transformation of animals through the manipulations made possible through recombinant DNA. The character and methods of such manipulations include the creation of ‘knockout’ animals intended to study gene function on the one hand, and also the insertion of genes originally identified in other species, or, colloquially, genetic engineering, on the other. This definition will clearly change and grow with theoretical and technological developments in genomics and systematic biology, but for the time being cloning and genetic transformation represent the main foci of animal biotechnology for the purpose of research ethics. Bernard Rollin’s 1986 paper “The Frankenstein Thing” articulated two ethical principles for animal biotechnology. One was the principle of conservation of welfare, to wit, that applications of biotechnology should result in animals that are ...

International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI)

Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.

2000

In this paper, I try to sketch out the beginnings of a philosophy of biotechnology. First, I summarize efforts to date on the topic. I then turn to some other beginnings within the philosophy of technology, to which contributions I hope to make some additions. In order address an engineering philosophy of biotechnology, one must take into account the epistemological character of engineering sciences as both practical and descriptive. Thus, biotechnology is not simply applied biology. It is a highly complex ensemble of relationships with genetics and biological sciences, constrain by items such as management, the state of the art at any given time, and public and political inputs. Biotechnology may be the wave of the twenty-first century, but if the twentieth century has taught us anything, scientific and technological developments are fraught with social consequences, and in a democratic society, public discussion of such issues is indeed welcome.

Journal of Animal Ethics, 2011

The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of "iSo 9706:1994, information and documentation -Paper for documentsrequirements for permanence".

NUST Journal of Natural Sciences

Bioethics are usually associated with ethical issues that emerge from advances in medical sciences and practices. These basically include the ethical guidelines that should be followed during any research or medical procedure or practice that is to be conducted. The genetic material present in the form of DNA, which encodes guidelines for cellular life, is termed as genome. Genome of many organisms has been sequenced completely and with this genetic manipulation is possible. To characterize and manipulate the genome many techniques and procedures have been developed like Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and genome editing respectively. Some other techniques that come under the umbrella of functional genomics generate huge amount of data that can be characterized and manipulated according to the requirement. These new procedures and approaches have raised many ethical concerns and issues that are being addressed in this review.

Philippiniana Sacra, 2012

Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 2002

Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 2018

Questions around values and ethics with respect to the life sciences in general and genomics in particular are some of the most controversial of our time. With the "God-like" ability to understand and manipulate the code of life itself, normative dimensions of new and emerging technologies provoke debates around the appropriateness of certain technological applications, their potential for misuse, privacy issues, and the potential for the resurgence in eugenics. The ethical, environmental, economic, legal, and social aspects of genomics and related life sciences and technologies is known as ELSI (Environmental, Legal, and Social Implications) and ELSA (Environmental, Legal and Social Aspects) in the United States and Europe, respectively, and as GE 3 LS in Canada (Genomics: ethical, environmental, economic, legal and social implications).

Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 2002

The Committee recommends a complete ban on cloning human embryos for the purposes of reproduction, but would permit therapeutic cloning under strict regulation by a statutory body to be established for that purpose. Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2002. 220 p. In the last chapter, "Toward Responsible Policymaking," Bonnicksen distinguishes four policy approaches (broad or narrow legislation, existing regulation or adjustments to it) to cloning. Mindful of change in both politics and science, she favors adjusting existing regulation as the best way to promote future discussion, debate, and deliberation. Brannigan, Michael C. Ethical Issues in Human Cloning: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001. 244 p. Drawing together essays from the perspectives of science, religion, philosophy, and law, Brannigan provides a useful anthology of resources for classroom use or personal study.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 2020

Human geneticization, discussed in the following text, is usually associated with the bio-medical practices aimed at human improvement, with the use of genetic enhancement, also understood as genetic improvement or genetic correction. Despite the wide range of benefits claimed by scientists (including biotechnologists and geneticists), these practices undoubtedly generate a number of ethical and legal problems. They concern, among other things, the legitimacy of conducting research in the field of biotechnology or genetics, including reprogenetics, its possible direction, projections related to the development of the research, as well as the methods and means used to control the aforementioned research, or even the problem of both the legislative and moral validity of its further practical implementation. This can be seen, for example, in the ongoing discussion on the geneticization of human life, and in the broader context of its progressive biomedicalization. In view of the considerable breadth and complexity of the issue of geneticization, this text focuses primarily on a closer examination of the possibilities that genetic enhancements, supported by the potential which genetic engineering might bring, followed by due consideration of selected bio-ethical dilemmas that may arise from the application of such enhancements.