Right to Education Act 2009 and Gender Skill development in India

ICSSR Sponsored National Seminar on Women’s Employment, Entrepreneurship And Empowerment, 2023

The main aim of present paper to know relationship of women empowerment through various skill development programmes in India. Women's economic participation and empowerment are fundamental to strengthen women's rights and enable them to take control of their lives and exercise influence in society. Economic empowerment of women is a condition for sustainable development. Gender equality and empowered women are catalysts for scaling up development efforts. The Government of India has implemented various rules and regulations within the constitutional framework to improve women's representation in various professions. Currently, most of the female workforce in India is unskilled. Skill is the bridge between the job and the workforce. Skill development is the key to improving employment and income earning opportunities for women and enhancing sustainable rural development and livelihoods. The social consequences are reflected in indicators of income inequality and poverty. Employment outcomes are reflected in indicators of the employment rate, unemployment, youth out-of-school, and earnings. Women empowerment is the progress of women and their acceptance and inclusion in the decision making process. It also means providing them equal opportunities for growth and development in the society and rejecting gender biases.

Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2014

The Indian society has been, from the ages, an exemplary society in terms of dichotomy practiced towards what is claimed and what is manifested. The issue of "Gender Inequality" is the concern of this paper. Sociologically, the word gender refers to the socio-cultural definition of man and woman; the way societies distinguish men and women and assign them social roles. The distinction between sex and gender was introduced to deal with the general tendency to attribute women's subordination to their anatomy. For ages it was believed that the different characteristics, roles and status accorded to women and men in society are determined by sex, that they are natural and therefore not changeable. Gender is seen closely related to the roles and behavior assigned to women and men based on their sexual differences. As soon as a child is born families and society begin the process of gendering. The birth of the son is celebrated, the birth of a daughter is an unwelcomed incident; sons are showered with love, respect, better food and proper health care. Bringing up a daughter is considered like "watering a plant in someone else" courtyard". All these differences are gender differences and they are created by society. It stems not only from pre-existing differences in economic endowments between women and men but also from pre-existing gendered social norms and social perceptions. Many developing countries including India have displayed gender inequality in education, employment and health. India has witnessed gender inequality from its early history due to its socioeconomic and religious practices that resulted in a wide gap between the position of men and women in the society. This is despite the fact that India has had women as its constitutional and executive heads in the past. This paper attempts to explain the status of gender inequality in the Indian context. The paper contends that education might be an effective tool to bridge the gap of this gender inequality provided that there should be willingness to manifest what is theoretically discussed and preached.

Women empowerment is the vital instrument to expand women's ability to have resources and to make strategic life choices. But, Indian societies have received notoriety for being unsafe for women. In fact, the level of atrocities against women is an indicator of the coercion of our society and underscores that we are a suppressed society. Clearly, safety is an obsolete word in today's India. In India, women are devalued traditionally and the men are normative reified. The Global Gender Gap Report by the World Economic Forum in 2009 ranked India 114th out of 134 countries for inequality between men and women in the economy, politics, health, and education. On equal economic opportunities and women's participation in the labour force, India ranked 127th and 122nd respectively. Women's employment both in rural and urban areas is very low compared with men, particularly in urban areas. In the front of education, still the female literacy rate (only half of the female population are literates) is wadding behind male literacy rate (three fourth of the male population are literates). Not only this, the rate of school drop outs is also found to be comparatively higher in case of women . The sex ratio of children attending school is 889 girls per 1,000 boys. There are several constraints that check the process of women empowerment in India. Social norms and family structures in developing countries like India, manifests and perpetuate the subordinate status of women. The need of the hour is to identify those loopholes or limitations which are obstructing the realization of empowerment of women and this initiative must be started from the women folk itself as well as more importantly policy initiative taken by the state and society. This paper tries to identify the extent and behavior of attainments in the front of employment and education of women in India and tries to focus on certain challenges for achieving the desired goal of women empowerment.

2017

Skill sets are defined as "a single unit or combination of units which link to a license or regulatory requirement or defined industry needs" as per the Nation Quality Council-2006 Skill Development of the peoples is generally empowered by Governments of different country keeping in mind the present situation and the future needs and growth plans of the country. India is a vast country with the second largest population in the world. Women form 48.5% 1 of the total population of the country and thus form a very crucial link in the growth and development of a country. For being equal contributors in the growth of the country the women of the country need to get equal or better opportunities to education and skill development. The Government of India has several schemes for uplifting the status of women in India. Some of them being free education for girl child from grade I to grade XII, in order to ensure that they have the basic minimum education required to get a job. The...

shanlax journal, 2020

Women in India, despite being half of the population, do not represent themselves in educationrelated indicators with the same magnitude. Prima facie, it can be said that we achieved 100 percent enrolment and gained 1.01 in the gender parity index at the primary level. However, when in-depth analysis is done considering the quality aspects and women's participation in the labor force, we will find gender biases at all levels. The girls' enrolment is significantly low as compared to their male counterparts in private schools, in high-end technological and management institute, and professional courses. In addition to that, girls are lagging in cognitive skills, Maths, and reading abilities. In a nutshell, girls are still struggling to be on par with their male counterparts to get quality and professional education. Parental behavior, intra-household resource allocation, cultural norms, safety, discrimination at the workplace can be attributed to these discrepancies. The present paper will analyze the status of women in educational development, factors, and determinants associated with disparity, and government policies for upliftment of women's situation in education.

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2020

The paper provides an overview of the state of education with respect to women and highlights some of the issue of women's access to education in India. Today the education of women has become one of the most important concerns of 21st century. We observe in our day to day life as to how women are victimized by various social evils. Women empowerment is the vital instrument to expand women's ability to have resources and to make strategic life choices. This is possible only with the help of education. Education of women is essential for the upliftment of economic, social and political status of women. It is the process of guarding them against all forms of violence. The study reveals that women are relatively disempowered and are hardly aware of their educational rights. It is found that acceptance of unequal gender norms by women are still prevailing in the society.

International Journal of Legal Affairs and Exploration, 2024

As India progresses into the 21st century, understanding the advancements in women's educational rights requires a thorough examination of multiple factors influencing their empowerment and equality. Despite significant strides, gender discrimination remains a pervasive challenge, manifesting in unequal opportunities and treatment across educational and professional sectors. This paper delves into how entrenched gender biases continue to hinder genuine gender parity and explores their impact on women's access to education. Central to this discussion is the role of female literacy, which has been shown to have far-reaching effects on women's health, decision-making capabilities, and overall quality of life. Improved literacy rates contribute to better health outcomes and enhanced participation in societal decisionmaking processes, thereby fostering greater individual and collective well-being. Additionally, the analysis includes an assessment of governmental initiatives such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Mahila Shakti Kendra, which have been pivotal in promoting women's educational rights and opportunities. However, the paper critically examines the effectiveness of these programs, considering factors such as implementation challenges, accessibility issues, and the need for robust enforcement to ensure that benefits reach all women. Through this comprehensive exploration, the paper aims to highlight the progress made in advancing women's educational rights in India, while also identifying the persistent challenges and gaps that need to be addressed. By addressing these issues, the study seeks to provide insights into the ongoing efforts to achieve gender equality and empowerment through education.

While the number of girls in India who are able to improve their future prospects and experience economic empowerment is increasing, they still face a number of barriers such as gender differentiations in earnings, career progression and occupational segregation in the transition from education to employment.

NeuroQuantology, 2022

Education is the major factor for the development of the society and improvement in the country. Women education is important for leading a sustainable life and also balancing the outside environment. Women as humans have rights to support the country's development and build a society. On this note, women empowerment through education is important as much as for men because women have all the potential to increase the growth of the country. Considering this, the government of India focuses more on women education and development. There are many developments introduced regarding women education by the government of India in comparison from the last few years. Through investing more and giving a statement that education is for all, the government of India is supporting the growth of the country. The government introduced the policy in 2020 named National Education policy that creates an impact in future development of a country. Women education aims to influence women to build themselves sufficient and able to speak up their voice in the society and also support the future growth of the society and development of a country. The following article has been thus developed by gathering primary quantitative data for exploring these aspects and attaining the objectives effectively

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2019

According to Nelson Mandela "Education is the most powerful weapon ,we can use to change the world". Education as an enterprise provides equal opportunity to people to grow in their life irrespective of caste, class, religion, age, gender etc. Education is the process of development of a person from infancy to maturity, while girl child is generally discriminated in India. She continued to be discriminated and denied education due to various reasons despite being various plans and policies of the Government of India. This research tries to find out those various problems and suggest viable solutions so that at least educationally they can come at par with men in the society. For this, right to education needs to be properly implemented, keeping in view of the special requirement of girls/women. This small research is an attempt in this direction, whereby the current educational status and condition of girl/women has been analyzed in the light of data and their historical background in India.