自然エネルギー世界白 書 2012 Renewables 2012 Global Status Report

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan, 2013

Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1999

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 2012

2016

Evergreen

Seibutsu Butsuri, 2002

2013

The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, 2010

Agricultural Information Research, 2004

DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL], 2004

Monolithic multi-junction solar cells are constrained in that the current output of the stack is limited to the current being generated in the worst performing cell. This becomes a problem when the spectral content of the radiation incident on the solar cell is different to the 'designed' spectrum. The terrestrial spectrum always changes by different sun height or air mass as well as fluctuation of aerosol density. The annual power generation is expected to be smaller than the designed one, due to the spectrum mismatching. This influence may be emphasized by the increase of the number of junctions, while the efficiency under the designed standard spectrum will be increased with the number of junctions. The annual efficiency of monolithic multi-junction solar cells of more than three junctions were calculated and compared. No distinct advantage with more than 5 junctions in view of annual and daily power generation. The practical efficiency limit in real terrestrial sunshine is a little above 50 %.