Thalidomide syndrome in Brazil: Still a current problem

Toxicologic Pathology, 2013

In preclinical studies, it is important to know whether the animals used are sexually mature or not. Precise data have not yet been published, however, about the histological features of the female reproductive organs during the peripubertal period or about the age of acquisition of sexual maturity in the minipig. The histological characteristics of the genital organs of female control minipigs from toxicology studies were described and, based on the presence of ovarian corpora lutea, used to assess the age at which maturity was reached. Only 50% of females can be considered mature at about 6.5 months old (a body weight of 11.8 kg), and 100% were not mature until about 7.5 months old (13.1 kg), although it is said that females reach sexual maturity at the age of approximately 5 months, by the time the body weight is about 10 to 12 kg. The uterine weights of mature females were higher than 94.4 g, whereas the maximum weight reached in the immature females was 55.2 g. In contrast, the differences between immature and mature ovarian weights were not significant. The histological appearance of the mature vagina in the various stages of the estrous cycle is also described.

Toxicologic Pathology, 2016

In the literature, experimental data on sexual maturation of female Göttingen minipigs are lacking. This may impede a reliable evaluation of reproductive functioning, particularly in the young (immature) sow used in toxicity studies. To find suitable method(s) to detect ovulation during in-life, a pilot study was performed with 3 adult sows (approximately 10–11 months), followed by a study with 14 immature females (approximately 3–4 months). From the tested parameters, progesterone analysis was the most reliable predictor. First progesterone peaks were observed in 13 sows at 3.7–4.2 or 5.5–6.5 months with a cycle length of 17–22 days. One sow did not show progesterone release until necropsy at 7 months of age. Histopathology of the reproductive organs confirmed sexual maturity for all sows, except the one without progesterone peak. In conclusion, the age range of sexual maturity of female Göttingen minipigs (3.7–6.5 months) is much wider than previously thought, and in-life progeste...

2013

This study aimed at investigating the prenatal development of camel circumvallates papillae using standard histomorphometric methods. In the experiment, fifteen Camelus dromedarius foetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for the study. The fetuses were weighed and grouped according to their gestational ages, which were estimated using their crown-vertebral-rump length. From the fifteen (15) samples used for the study, five (5) belongs to the first trimester, five (5) from the second trimester and five (5) belongs to the third trimester. A total of ten (10) foetuses were males and five (5) were females. Grossly, in all the stages of development, the tongues were observed to be elongated, with flat surfaces and rounded at the apices. At first trimester, the tongues were seen as smooth muscle mass, with almost uniform width and thickness throughout the length. They were uniformly pinkish, no pigmentation and no visual evidence of lingual papillae. At second trimester, the tongues were observed to have taken the normal shape of an adult tongue with variable size and shape of lingual papillae; tapering rostrally from the root to the apex. Biometrically, the weight of the foetuses were found to be 0.18±0.05 to 21.70±7.28 kg from the first trimester to second trimester, the crown -vertebral -rump -length were found to be 15.75±4.42 to 94.00±2.83 cm from the first trimester to the third trimester, weight of the head were found to be 25.05±15.17 to 1120.00±14.14 g and weight of the tongues were found to be 0.79±0.22 to 116.25±11.4 9g from first trimester to third trimester. Histological observations showed that the circumvallate papillae were generally lined with keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, which was composed by basal, spinosum, granulosum and corneum layers. Lingual glands are located in the deeper parts of the papillae. The surface epithelium was less keratinised compared to that of the surrounding surface except the peripheral parts of the papilla. Dermal interdigitations of variable sizes into the epidermis were observed along the whole surface. Few taste buds were observed along the medial papillary wall epithelium of the small-sized papillae.

Histochemie, 1973

A histochemical and ultrastructural study was carried out on subcommissura organs from 42 human embryos and fetuses in order to characterize some "large granules"

2021

The printing, publishing and sales rights of this book belong to Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş. All or parts of the book may not be reproduced, printed or distributed by mechanical, electronic, photocopying, magnetic paper and/or other methods without the permission of the said institution. Tables, figures and graphics cannot be used for commercial purposes without permission. This book is sold by the Turkish Ministry of Culture banner.

Human Genetics, 2000

The microscopic classification of embryos, especially unipronuclear embryos, is not very precise. A number of undocumented and unipronuclear embryos were determined to be diploid following karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Accelerated and asynchronous pronuclear dismantling at the time of checking for embryo fertilization accounts for this disparity. Diploid embryos were also observed among tripronuclear embryos. However, not all embryos ascertained as diploid by FISH were karyotypically normal following full karyotype analysis. By taking into account the "background" abnormality rate, the rate of diploid embryo wastage was estimated to be about 40% among undocumented embryos and about 58% in total. A high percentage of misclassification infers an unintended loss of otherwise transferable embryos. Such a discrepancy is particularly important to older women who have fewer embryos. If these are a woman's only embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis might be applicable in determining those that are diploid and suitable for transfer. This could potentially reduce the number of wasted embryos and cycles. The present study has also shown that mosaicism is common but it is still unclear whether mosaicism is indicative of embryonic abnormality or is a fairly common phenomenon among healthy embryos. Bipronuclear embryos that present with abnormal or delayed cleavage are often chaotic in their chromosomal constitution. Such embryos should not be transferred.

Research in veterinary science, 2017

The objective was to evaluate the histomorphometric characteristics of the testis and ovaries of pig fetuses at different gestational ages, as well as their correlation with some fetus measurements. Forty-four fetuses were separated for gender (male and female) and gestational age (50, 80 and 106days of gestation). After slaughter, fetuses had their body length, head and thoracic perimeters measured and their gonads submitted to histomorphometric analyses. The gonadal characteristics at different gestational ages were statistically compared, correlations with the fetal measurements were performed and equations to predict the gonadal characteristics from the fetal measurements were obtained. The testis weight logarithmically increased along pregnancy, whereas ovary weight increased in a linear manner. The cordonal length and number of Sertoli cells were positively correlated with the fetal measurements, being higher at 106days gestation, while the nuclear volume of these cells were n...

Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 2014

1991

A morphometric analysis, based on mathematical evaluations and stereological methods, has been used to study five left neonatal ovaries, removed from full-term neonates with a 46,XX karyotype free from malformations of the genital apparatus.

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2016