Short Term Red Amaranth Growth With Urea as N Source

In many developing countries, farmers have limited financial resources and can rarely afford to purchase sufficient mineral fertilizers. Also the use of synthetic fertilizers is beyond the reach of peasant farmers due to their cost and scarcity. Crops have become so expensive to grow that nutrient deficiencies limit the yields. Hence this study examines Amaranthus performance as influence by integrated application of Goat manure and Urea Fertilizer. Pot experiment were conducted at The College of Education, Lanlate Teaching and Research Farm, Lanlate, Southwest Nigeria during the rainy seasons of 2019. Six treatments were replicated thrice in a Complete Randomize Design. The treatment used were; Control, 75% GM + 25% U, 50% GM+ 50%U, 25%GM + 75%U, 100%GM and 100%U. The results obtained from the pot experiment indicated that Goat manure, Urea and their combination increases the plants height significantly. This affirms that Goat manure releases its nutrients for the optimum plant growth. Its combined use with urea ensured a more balance nutrition since urea has high N concentration. The balance plant nutrition influenced positively growth and yield as it is observed in this work. It was observed that combination at 75% Goat manure and 25% Urea increased the number of leaves significantly.

Indian J. Hort. 73(1), March 2016: 137-140, 2016

Present investigation was undertaken to assess the stability of 20 amaranthus genotypes under varying levels of nitrogen. Nitrogen levels, i.e., 75, 100 and 125 kg N / ha were kept in main plots, while the genotypes were evaluated in sub-plots. The stability of these genotypes was measured by three parameters, viz., mean performance over different nitrogen levels, the linear regression and deviation from regression. The linear increase in the total green yield of amaranthus was evident with every increase in dose of nitrogen, where maximum yield of 279.76 q/ha was recorded with 125 kg N/ ha against 174.06 q/ ha with the application of nitrogen @ 75 kg N/ ha. The application of nitrogen at the level up to 125 kg per hectare can be recommended to get high total green yield. The genotypes Local Thundukeerai and Selection-1 were high yielding and stable under varying N levels, whereas, the genotypes CO-5 and CO-2 were highly responsive to nitrogen application. Genotypes, namely, Local Thundukeerai, Selection-1, CO-5 and CO-2 can be exploited as potential genotypes for getting higher yield.

A field experiment was carried out at Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State (Latitude 7108'N and Longitude 5015'E) Nigeria in 2015, to determine the effects of sole and combined application of goat manure and urea fertilizer on the performance of amaranth. The treatments applied were: Sole 6ton/ha goat manure, 6ton/ha goat manure + 50kg/ha urea fertilizer, 6ton/ha goat manure + 100kg/ha urea fertilizer, 6ton/ha goat manure + 150kg/ha urea fertilizer, sole 200kg/ha urea fertilizer and control (no treatment). Application of sole 6ton/ha goat manure, 6ton/ha goat manure + 50kg/ha urea, 6ton/ha goat manure + 100kg/ha urea and 6ton/ha goat manure + 150kg/ha urea compared with control increased marketable yield of amaranth by 43, 57.9, 58 and 60.8% respectively. The use of goat manure at 6ton/ha with urea fertilizer reduces requirement mineral fertilizer to about 25%.

A two-year field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of different organic fertilizer sources and an inorganic fertilizer on growth, crude protein and nutrient uptake of Amaranthus cruentus. Sixteen (16) treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Four sources of organic fertilizer (cattle, goat, pig and poultry manures) and an inorganic fertilizer source (urea) were evaluated each at three nitrogen (N) rates (30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha). Plots with no fertilizer application served as the control. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared with Turky's HSD at 5 % level of probability. The results showed that the amendments applied, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced growth of Amaranthus. Higher rates of pig and poultry manures were as effective as higher rates of urea. Crude protein content of leaf was increased significantly, the highest being in urea at 90 kg N/ha (19.57 %) followed by urea at 60 kg N/ha (17. 98 %) and pig manure at 90 kg N/ha (17.73 %). The amendments applied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced the uptake of some major elements compared with the control. The greatest nutrient uptake was obtained in plots amended with pig manure at 90 kg N/ha. The trial has illustrated that pig manure when applied at 90 kg N/ha could substitute urea fertilizer in Amaranthus production.

A two-year field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of different organic fertilizer sources and an inorganic fertilizer on the soil properties and yield of Amaranthus cruentus. Sixteen (16) treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Four sources of organic fertilizer (cattle, goat, pig and poultry manures) and an inorganic fertilizer source (urea) were evaluated each at three nitrogen (N) rates (30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha). Plots with no fertilizer application served as the control. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared with Turky's HSD at 5 % level of probability. The pH value of the soil was significantly increased in plots amended with higher rates of organic manure. Higher rates of amendments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total N, organic carbon, exchangeable K, Na and base saturation contents of the soil relative to the control plots. Among all the treatments, plots amended with pig manure at 90 kg N/ha had the best soil chemical properties. Amendment of soil with organic manure and urea significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced fresh and dry matter yield of Amaranthus with the highest values of 48.18 t/ha and 7.66 t/ha obtained in plots amended with 90 kg N/ha of pig manure, respectively. It is therefore recommended that pig manure at 90 kg N/ha be used in the cultivation of Amaranthus in Umudike and soil in similar agro ecology.

Deleted Journal, 2022

A field study was carried during the 2020 cropping season to determine the effect of urea on the growth and yield of Amarathus hybridus at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Delta, Agbor Delta State. The urea fertilizer was applied at 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1. The amounts of urea fertilizer used were 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1. The five levels of urea fertilizer were duplicated three times in the experimental design, which was a randomized complete block. Plant height, number of leaves plant-1 , leaf area plant-1 , stem girth, and fresh yield of the plant were all measured. The data was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a probability level of 5%. Amaranthus growth and yield characteristics were dramatically improved by increasing the rate of urea fertilizer treatment. However, urea administered at a rate of 250 kg ha-1 improved growth characteristics more than the lower rate and control. The application of 250 kg ha-1 urea resulted in the highest fresh plant production (2.30 t ha-1) and differed substantially from the control (0.90 t ha-1), but not from the other urea levels used.

The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2021

Experiment titled Effect of NPK and different level of micronutrients on growth, herbage yield and leaf quality of Red Amaranths (Amaranthus cruentus) cv. Lal Saag during Rabi Season 2020-2021 on research farm of the Department Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (MP). The experiment was placed in a randomized block design with three repeated 12 treatments viz., T0: Without Fertilizer (Control), T1: 50 kg N/h + 25 kg P/h + 20 kg K/h (RDF), T2: Zinc @ 5kg/h + Boron @2kg/h, T3: 100% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h, T4: 100% (RDF) + Boron @2kg/h, T5: 100% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h + Boron @2kg/h, T6: 80% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h, T7: 80% (RDF) + Boron @2kg/h, T8: 80% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h + Boron @2kg/h, T9: 60% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h, T10: 60% (RDF) + Boron @2kg/h, T11: 60% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h + Boron @2kg/h. The results reveal the treatment T5-100% (RDF) + Zinc @ 5kg/h + Boron @2kg/h was found superior in growth yield with quality corrector. In this investigation the treatment T2-VC@ 2.5t/h + Spent Rice Husk Compost @ 2.5t/h + Biochar 1t/h + Bamboo Leaf Compost 0.1 t/h was found suitable for cultivation in winter season for better green foliage yield (8.03t/ha) for Red Amaranths under satna condition.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2019

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to the soil is considered as good agricultural practice because they improve the fertility of the soil and plant quality. The overall objective of the study is to compare the effects of organic fertilizers (cow dung and chicken droppings) with inorganic fertilizer (urea) on the vegetative growth of Amaranthus dubius. The data obtained showed that, levels of all parameters measured for both the organic and inorganic fertilizers ranges; Stem length (7.5-64.2) cm, Stem width (2.4-8.1) cm, Leaf length (8.0-19.3) cm, Leaf width (3.3-14.2) cm and Number of leaves per plant (09-34). The mean values for the stem length, stem width, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaves per plant were evaluated and found to be higher in plants grown with urea treatment compared to values obtained from the treatments with organic manures. Data were analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results were expressed as percentage difference, the differences between the mean values were determined at 95% confidence. Inorganic fertilizer resulted in significant effects at (p<0.05) compared to values obtained from the organic manures.

The behavioural effect of different types of fertilizer application on Amanthus curentus was examined. One organic and inorganic fertilizer each was considered for this study. Standard rates of cow dung (16 t ha-1); NPK (0.25 t ha-1) and control (no fertilizer) were administered to a 5 X 5m2 plot using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments and three replicates. Parameters measured were plant height, leaves number, biomass and edible yield and were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 16.1 version at 95% level of significance. Final biomass yield of the vegetable for cow dung, N.P.K and control were 30,667±5.22 kg ha-1, 60,408± 2.45 kg ha-1 and 46,825± 10.22kg ha-1 respectively while edible yield were 11,125 ±5.54 kg ha-1, 20,925±6.43 kg ha-1 and 11,092±3.33 kg ha-1. Agronomic responses to the three treatments 7 weeks after planting (WAP), 18.83±2.30 cm for cow dung, 23±2.75 cm for the NPK and 17.75±2.40 cm for the control respectively. Plant height responses to the treatment were 70.08±5.45 cm for cow dung, 108.42±5.89 cm for NPK and 89±1.32 cm for control respectively in the same WAP. NPK was outstanding in all treatments during the experiment going by the responses. Usage of raw cow dung was not encouraged due to the possibility of Escherichia coli and NPK has proved to be the most suitable fertilizer.