Controle de endemias: rede basica ou orgaos verticais ?

American Journal of Public Health, 2002

 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE  Objectives. This study estimated the prevalence of violence during pregnancy in relation to HIV infection.

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 2023

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women. Pregnant women are also not exempted from the menace of IPV which has dire consequences for both the mother and child. There is an established link between HIV and IPV and both have a synergistic effect. This study is aimed at comparing the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of IPV among pregnant women living with HIV and HIV-negative pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Oyo state. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among women attending antenatal clinics in Oyo state using a multistage sampling technique. The study spanned through March and September 2019. The data collection was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire and the analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. The pattern and prevalence of IPV were measured using the Composite Abuse Scale, a 30-item validated interviewer-administered research instrument. It measured 4 dimensions of abuse: physical, emotional, severe, combined, and sexual harassment. A preliminary cutoff score of 7 was used to divide respondents into the presence or absence of IPV. A Chi-square test was used to test for an association between IPV and socio-demographic characteristics and a logistic regression was used at the multivariate level to identify the determinants of IPV. The P-value was set at <.05. Results: Out of the 240 booked pregnant women, 44.2% of HIV-negative respondents and 47.5% of women living with HIV reported being abused in the index pregnancy. Severe combined abuse was the most common type of abuse, 110 (75.1%), followed by emotional abuse, 70 (40.2%), physical abuse, 68 (39.3%), and sexual harassment, 67 (38.1%). Respondents living with HIV reported suffering more physical abuse than their HIV-negative counterparts. Occupation of respondents and duration of marriage determinants of IPV among HIV-positive participants are statistically significant while the duration of marriage was not statistically significant for IPV among HIV-negative respondents. Conclusion: This study recorded a high prevalence of IPV among pregnant women living with HIV and HIV-negative pregnant women with a slight increase in the group living with HIV. It is therefore recommended that IPV screening programs and intervention strategies should be developed for every pregnant woman, irrespective of their HIV status.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 1,379 pregnant women undergoing antenatal care in basic health care units of the Brazilian Health System, within the municipality of Campinas (Southeastern Brazil). A structured questionnaire on domestic violence, validated in Brazil, was applied between July 2004 and July 2006. The fi rst and second interviews in a cohort study were analyzed. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis of the data were conducted. RESULTS: Psychological violence was reported by 19.1% (n=263) of the total sample of pregnant women and physical/sexual violence was reported by 6.5% (n=89) of them. The factors associated to psychological violence were: adolescent intimate partner (p<0.019) and the pregnant woman had witnessed physical aggression before she was 15 years old (p<0.001). The factors associated to physical/sexual violence were: diffi culties encountered by the pregnant woman in attending her antenatal appointments (p<0.014), intimate partner uses drugs (p<0.015) and does not work (p<0.048). The factors associated to psychological and physical/ sexual violence were: low level of education of the interviewee (p<0.013 and p<0.020, respectively), the pregnant woman being responsible for the family (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively) pregnant woman had suffered physical aggression during childhood (p<0.029 and p<0.038, respectively), presence of common mental disorder (p<0.001) and intimate partner consumes alcoholic beverage twice or more weekly. (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of different categories of domestic violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was found as well as different factors associated with them. Appropriate mechanisms are necessary, particularly in primary health care, to identify and deal with domestic violence during pregnancy.

Background: Intimate partner violence is an important public health and human rights issue. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy has been found to be associated with fatal and non-fatal adverse health outcomes for the pregnant woman and her baby. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of intimate partner violence among pregnant mothers and associated factors. Objective: To assess Intimate partner violence among pregnant women and associated factors in Negelle Borena town in the selected public health facility 2020. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from Oct15-Dec15/2020. Face to face interviews were conducted using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.1.0 and then exported into Statical package for social science version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Bivariate analysis was done to select candidate variable for multivariate analysis. Finally, variables which had significant associations with intimate violence during pregnancy were identified on the basis of p-value<0.05 and AOR with 95% CI. Result: About 44.3% (95% CI 44.2-44.4) of pregnant women had faced at least one form of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy. Psychological violence 29.1%, Sexual violence 24.4%, physical violence 23.9% were forms of violence the respondents was encountered. Respondents who were primary educated (AOR 2.99, 95%CI 1.23-7.25), secondary educated (AOR 2.36,95%CI 1.047-5.34),respondents in age group of 26-34years (AOR 0.20 95%CI 0.065-0.64) and age group of >=35years (AOR 0.26, 95%CI 0.09-0.77),responandants with history of miscarriage, abortion and/ still birth (AOR 0.5 ,95%CI 0.32-0.78),respondents who accepted their partner had right to beat them(AOR 1.83 , 95% CI 1.82-2.82),respondents whose partners were in age group of 40-49 years(AOR 2.22,95%CI 1.10-4.47), tertiary educated (AOR 0.38, 95%CI 0.20-0.71),had history of fighting with other men (AOR 1.77 95%CI 1.14-2.75) were factors significantly associated with IPV during pregnancy. Conclusion: The prevalence of intimate violence in the Negelle Borena town selected public health facility is among the highest. Policy makers need to consider screening for IPV in the antenatal care service as one component. It is also better to include IPV screening as one component of community health extension package

Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 2022

This study analyzes the association between violence against women during pregnancy and intimate partner socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with 327 postpartum women admitted to a maternity hospital in a city in Espírito Santo, Brazil using a questionnaire to collect data on intimate partner socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Intimate partner violence was assessed using questions based on the World Health Organisation instrument "Violence against Women (WHO VAW STUDY)". Associations were tested using crude and adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of psychological violence during pregnancy was higher among women whose partners consumed alcohol, refused to use condoms, and were not the infant's biological father. Physical violence was associated with women whose partners did not work and refused to use condoms. The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy was more than nine times higher among women with partners who refused to use condoms. The findings demonstrate that antenatal care is an opportune time to approach partners about health care and address violence. It is necessary to promote the utilization of health services by men in order to address risk factors for violence during pregnancy.

Journal of public health in Africa, 2018

The aim was to estimate the prevalence of sexual and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors, in a sample of pregnant women using antenatal care (ANC) in Nampula province - Mozambique. This cross-sectional study was carried out in six health units in Nampula, from February 2013 to January 2014. Overall, 869 participants answered the Conflict Tactics Scale 2. The lifetime and past year prevalence of sexual abuse was 49% and 46%, and of physical abuse was 46% and 44%, respectively. Lifetime and past year sexual abuse was significantly associated with living as a couple, alcohol drinking and having a past diagnosis of gonorrhea. Lifetime and past year physical abuse increased significantly with age and was associated with living as a couple, alcohol drinking and history with syphilis. The prevalence of lifetime and previous year violence among women using ANC was high and similar showing that most women were constantly exposed to IPV. ANC provides a window o...

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2021

Objectives: To determine the common types of violence, their effects on pregnant female's health and pregnancy outcomes. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in six-month duration by selecting 130 antenatal patients of all trimesters coming from OPD, labor room as an emergency as well as elective patients. The patient's clinical record was analyzed for obstetrical complications and through systematic sampling technique, all the patients were scrutinized for types of violence through a validated questionnaire. All the recorded information entered in SPSS Version-21 with descriptive and inferential analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages, chi-square tests with the cutoff limit for the significance set at 0.05. Results: One hundred and thirty pregnant women participated in this study with mean average age of 25.12 + 7.89 years. The verbally abused females were (n = 54, 41.5%), followed by physical abused (n = 20, 15.4%) and (n = 44, 33.8%) without disclosing the reason behind violence respectively. Hardly a single female was abused on daily basis (n = 1, 0.8%), whereas majority faced the violence on daily basis (n = 41, 31.5%) followed by monthly frequency (n = 25, 19.2%) respectively. The common problems disclosed were family problems (n = 24, 18.5%) and financial issues (n = 18, 13.8%). Most of the females didn't disclose the effects of violence (n = 56, 43.1%), with emotional distressed females (n = 39, 30%) and lack of care of pregnancy (n = 14, 10.8%) respectively. Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is a frequent public health problem indicating immediate measures to curb this situation. The results showed a majority of verbally abused, emotionally disturbed women and family problems as the root cause behind.

GBV is a global problem which highly occurs in the developing nations (13%), and Malawi is one of them with an estimate of about 28% of its women being abused in one way or the other. 5% of pregnant women in the country are also affected by GBV, hence putting them at higher risk of having pregnancy complications. The Malawi Government, after the 2004 MDHS report on GBV put in place a lot of efforts to control the problem. However there is still limited knowledge concerning the determinants of the problem (especially amongst pregnant women), which might be due to luck of published data on the subject and awareness to bridge the knowledge gap. As such this study assessed the determinants triggering GBV amongst pregnant women in the coun- try. This was done using the 2010 MDHS data, which collected information from 2,3020 women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years). The analysis of the study was done in three levels, uni- variate, bi-variate and multivariate analysis. The uni-variate was used to examine the frequency of occurrence of GBV, the bi-variate to measure the association of each factor against GBV, this was done using Chi-square tests of associations and Cram ́ er’s V which measures the strength of association. Thirdly predictors of GBV were found using a logistic regression model. Data entry, analysis and model fitting was done using STATA (version 12) and all tests were compared at a 5% significant level. The results showed that 3.26% of pregnant women in Malawi are hurt either by their husband or partner. The factors found to be associated with GBV were as follows; jealousy, hurt before preg- nancy, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, has radio, number of wives, social support, and occupation. The logistic regression model showed that women who had a jealousy husband were 16 times more likely to be abused than those without one (p − value < 0.001), women who had a radio in their homes were 62% less likely to be abused than those who did not (p − value = 0.011) and women who had a partner who at oftentimes drinks alcohol were 7 times more likely to be abused than those whose husband don’t drink (p − value = 0.036).

American Journal of Public Health, 2006

Objectives. We sought to describe and compare prevalence rates of and risk factors for violence against women during pregnancy and postpartum.