Motor vehicle crashes

Injury Prevention, 2001

Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002), 2013

Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death for children, teenagers, and young adults in the United States. In 2009, approximately 36,000 persons were killed in motor vehicle crashes, and racial/ethnic minorities were affected disproportionally. Approximately 4.3% of all American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) deaths and 3.3% of all Hispanic deaths were attributed to crashes, whereas crashes were the cause of death for <1.7% of blacks, whites, and Asian/Pacific Islanders (A/PI).

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 2020

Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers' names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005

Traffic Injury Prevention, 2010

Objectives: To estimate the costs of motor vehicle–related fatal and nonfatal injuries in the United States in terms of medical care and lost productivity by road user type. Methods: Incidence and cost data for 2005 were derived from several data sources. Unit costs were calculated for medical spending and productivity losses for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and unit costs were multiplied by incidence to yield total costs. Injury incidence and costs are presented by age, sex, and road user type. Results: Motor vehicle–related fatal and nonfatal injury costs exceeded $99 billion. Costs associated with motor vehicle occupant fatal and nonfatal injuries accounted for 71 percent ($70 billion) of all motor vehicle–related costs, followed by costs associated with motorcyclists ($12 billion), pedestrians ($10 billion), and pedalcyclists ($5 billion). Conclusions: The substantial economic and societal costs associated with these injuries and deaths reinforce the need to implement evidence-based, cost-effective strategies. Evidence-based strategies that target increasing seat belt use, increasing child safety seat use, increasing motorcyclist and pedalcyclist helmet use, and decreasing alcohol-impaired driving are available.

Injury Prevention, 2010

Methods: Incidence and cost data for 2005 were derived from several data sources. Unit costs were calculated for medical spending and productivity losses for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and unit costs were multiplied by incidence to yield total costs. Injury incidence and costs are presented by age, sex, and road user type.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Blood and/or urine from fatally injured drivers in Washington State were collected and tested for the presence of drugs and alcohol. Drug and/or alcohol use was a factor in 52% of all fatalities. Among single vehicle accidents, alcohol use was a factor in 61% of cases versus 30% for multiple vehicle accidents. Drugs most commonly encountered were marijuana (11%), cocaine (3%), amphetamines (2%), together with a variety of depressant prescription medications. Trends noted included an association of depressant use with higher blood alcohol levels, while marijuana use was associated with lower blood alcohol levels. Marijuana use was noted to be most prominent in the 15-30 year age group, stimulant use in the 21-40 year old group, and prescription depressant use was more prevelant in the 45+ age group. Drug use demographics in this population are consistent wi~ those noted in other jurisdictions.

2021

Background: Rollover crashes cause more injuries and fatalities than other types of motor vehicle crashes. West Virginia (WV) has high rates of drug overdose deaths and motor vehicle crash fatality. However, no studies have investigated risk factors associated with fatal rollover crashes in WV. Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether drug use and other risk factors are associated with fatal rollover crash fatalities in WV. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the Fatality Analysis Reporting System dataset from passenger vehicle crashes involving WV drivers ≥ 16 years of age with known drug test results who died within 2 hours after collision from 2001 to 2018. Risk factors associated with fatal rollover crashes were compared to non-rollover crashes using multivariable logistic regression. Results: During the study period, 880 WV drivers died in rollover crashes. Driving ≥ 60 mph [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-6.8], alco...

2003

Michigan vehicle crashes from 1997-2001 that resulted in fatalities or serious injuries (KA crashes) were analyzed for patterns and trends. Counts, rates, and distributions by time, location, age, and sex of involved drivers were obtained for all KA crashes and those in which the driver "had been drinking". Trends in levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of fatal-crash-involved drivers were obtained from Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data, and safety belt use of KA-crash-involved vehicle occupants was examined. The results show a decrease in counts and rates of involvement in KA crashes and "had been drinking" KA crashes. However, the proportion of "had been drinking" crashes remained at 12% of all KA crashes. Drivers under age 24 continue to have the highest rates for KA crashes, and male drivers age 18-24 have the highest rates of "had been drinking" KA crashes. Of drivers who were tested for BAC levels, 30% had positive BAC levels, 28% were at or above 0.08 gldl, 26% were at or above 0.1 0 gldl, and 19% were at or above 0.1 5 gldl. Safety belt use for KA-crashinvolved vehicle occupants was lowest for the 18-24 age group. Child seat and safety belt use for KAcrash-involved children under age 5 decreased slightly between 1997 and 2001. 17. Key Words Crash trends, fatal crashes, serious-injury crashes 19. Security Cassif. (of this report) Unclassified l8 DiStribUtiO"tatement Unlimited 20. Security Cassif.