The Tree Data Model

A data structure is proposed to maintain a collection of vertex-disjoint trees under a sequence of two kinds of operations: a link operation that combines two trees into one by adding an edge, and a cut operation that divides one tree into two by deleting an edge. The tree is one of the most powerful of the advanced data structures and it often pops up in even more advanced subjects such as AI and compiler design. Surprisingly though the tree is important in a much more basic application-namely the keeping of an efficient index. This research paper gives us brief description of importance of tree in data structure, types of trees, implementation with their examples.

Trees: Basic tree concepts, Binary Trees: Properties, Representation of Binary Trees using arrays and linked lists, operations on a Binary tree , Binary Tree Traversals (recursive), Creation of binary tree from in, pre and post order traversals A tree is hierarchical collection of nodes. One of the nodes, known as the root, is at the top of the hierarchy. Each node can have at most one link coming into it. The node where the link originates is called the parent node. The root node has no parent. The links leaving a node (any number of links are allowed) point to child nodes. Trees are recursive structures. Each child node is itself the root of a subtree. At the bottom of the tree are leaf nodes, which have no children.

1976

A new outlook on the APL system management together with a new set of primitive functions are proposed to be included in the APL language to manage tree-structured information.

2018

declare that this thesis "Analysis of Tree in Computer-based Application", Thesis Title and the work presented in it are our own. We confirm that:  This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a BSc degree at United International University.  Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at United International University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.  Where we have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.  Where we have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely our own work.  We have acknowledged all main sources of help.  Where the thesis is based on work done by ourselves jointly with others, we have made clear exactly what was done by others and what we have contributed ourselves.

This article introduces the basic concepts of binary trees, and then works through a series of practice problems with solution code in C/C++ and Java. Binary trees have an elegant recursive pointer structure, so they are a good way to learn recursive pointer algorithms.

Computers & Industrial Engineering, 1994

In this electronic age, the manufacturing sector has been searching for a unique data structure scheme which can easily represent different data types relating to design, process and inventory management. In this paper, an efficient way of representing the hierarchically significant data, especially in manufacturing, is investigated. Unlike the contemporary tree structure representation using pointers, this approach adopts a unique arithmetic encoding scheme to represent individual paths. The encoded nodes will have the capability to regenerate the entire paths (of a tree) using simple arithmetic procedures. The most significant benefits of this approach are increased data processing efficiency and ease of navigation of data paths in hierarchical data structures. The preliminary testing of this approach on a simulated factory data have indicated significant improvement on data representation and processing efficiency. This structure promises application in Computer Aided Design, Manufacturing Resources Planning, and Hypermedia Data Structure.

2003

We develop a semantic foundation and a core programming language for bi-directional transformations on treestuctured data. In one direction, these transformations, called lenses, map a complex "concrete" tree into a simplified "abstract" one; in the other, they map a modified abstract tree, together with the original concrete tree, to a correspondingly modified concrete tree. The challenge of understanding and designing these transformations arises from their asymmetric nature: information is discarded when mapping from concrete to abstract, and must be restored on the way back. We identify a natural mathematical space of "well-behaved lenses" whose two components are constrained to fit together in a sensible way. We study definedness and continuity in this setting, show that well-behaved lenses form a complete partial order, and state a precise connection with the classical theory of "update translation under a constant complement" from databases. We then instantiate our semantic framework as a small programming language, called Hocus Focus, whose expressions denote well-behaved lenses operating on treestructured data. The primitives include familiar constructs from functional programming (composition, mapping, projection, recursion) together with some novel primitives for manipulating trees (splitting, pruning, pivoting, etc.). An extended example shows how Hocus Focus can be used to define a lens that translates between a native HTML representation of browser bookmarks and a generic form of abstract bookmark structures.

ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 1996

The Binary Search Tree serves as an important example when teaching data structures. We explore new approaches to understanding the implementation of a Binary Search Tree, using concepts from Object-Oriented Programming and C++. The Binary Search Tree illustrates how adopting a new approach and a new language can lead to a new way of thinking about a familiar problem.

Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 1994

Object-oriented modelling techniques are used to construct a conceptual framework which defines the hierarchical levels and structures of a tree and connects processes from the different levels. At the tree level, combining functions with structure is a logical step towards a better understanding of growth dynamics. A generic tree growth simulation system conforming to the conceptual object framework is constructed. The essential part of the system is a tree, which consists of a large number of relatively simple structural units corresponding to shoots, buds and branch whorls. The development of the tree is driven by basic ecophysiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration and controlled by principles of functional balance and pipe model theory. The application interface allows changes to the parameter values and the forms of the basic functions. In principle, the system can thus model the development of different tree species and different circumstances. The present implementation models the growth of young Scats pine; it is programmed using the C++ language. The basic units of the tree are linked together using list structures. They also carry the topology of the tree, which is visible in the interface of the application. The available methodologies for object-oriented modelling are promising for ecological projects, but the present lack of integrated tools covering analysis, design, and programming prevents their straightforward adoption.