CHAPTER TWO THE AKAN

2004

This paper considers bivalent stative verbs with ‘EXP(eperiencer)’ and ‘TH(eme)’/ ‘Patient’ arguments in Korean, such as mwusep-ta ‘be afraid of' or coh-ta 'like’. Whereas the ‘TH’ argument of mwusep-ta ‘be afraid of' is NOM(inative), the ‘EXP’ argument can, besides DAT(ive) (1a), be marked TOP(ic) or NOM (1bc). Such verbs often have a non-stative counterpart (mwusep-ha-ta ‘be-afraid-of-do’) with an ACC(usative) ‘TH’ object (1d). The ‘TH’ NP in (1a-c) is not ACC because a stative verb in Korean cannot govern an ACC complement.

Acta Linguistica Académica

This paper highlights three issues in the study of verb-noun compounding and shows how data from Akan (Niger-Congo\Kwa, Ghana) help answer the relevant questions for the language. The issues, which mainly concern the exocentric subtype, are: one, the syntactic category of the left-hand constituent and that of the whole compound; two, whether the formation of verb-noun compounds is a matter of syntax or morphology; and three, how to distinguish between verb-noun compounds and verb phrases, given their structural similarity. Although these issues have come up somehow in the literature on Akan verb-noun compounds, they have not been deliberately targeted for discussion. This paper fills the gap. It is shown that the left-hand constituent is definitely a verb. This raises the question of how to account for the syntactic category of the exocentric subclass of the compound, given that the compound is not a hyponym of the right-hand nominal constituent whose syntactic category may be assumed to percolate to the whole. It is also argued that, per the criteria in the literature, the formation of Akan verb-noun compounds has to be a matter of morphology and not syntax. Finally, it is shown that there are formal and semantic basis for distinguishing verb-noun compounds from verb phrases in Akan.

Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 2016

Despite the consensus that the Stative originated as a nominal construction, many scholars have claimed that the form is synchronically a finite verb, and some have called it a " tense ". Others, however, have argued that it remains a nominal construction throughout the history of written Akkadian. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to determine whether the Stative is a verb or not and (2) to determine whether it is finite or non-finite. In order to do so, we bring recent linguistic evidence to bear on the issue, establishing that the Stative is in fact a verb. However, in the ancient Semitic languages, a finite verb must meet the morphological, syntactic and semantic requirements of inflection, predication and markedness for T/A/M (=Tense/Aspect/Mood). So this study examines the Stative to see if it meets these requirements. After surveying the literature, describing the state of the question and analysing recent descriptions of the Stative, we conclude that while the form is morphologically inflected and always predicates, it is not a finite verb, because it is unmarked for T/A/M. This distinguishes the form from the Akkadian finite verbs (iprus, iparras, and iptaras). The Stative is a non-finite verb that denotes situations (only) with non-progressive, continuous imperfective aspect.

2020

This paper deals with French nominal Verb-Noun compounds formed on stative verb bases. We assume that word-formation schemas have access to the aspectual and argumental properties of the base verbs and impose fine-grained restrictions on their input. Contrary to what is usually claimed, the study argues that Verb-Noun compounding in French (and probably in other Romance languages) is compatible not only with dynamic verbs but also with stative ones that construct Verb-Noun compounds of high-frequency. These stative verbs are ambiguous between two readings, and verbs can have either a stative or a dynamic structure. Verb-Noun compounding generally prefers the stative verb that systematically corresponds to the class of “pure” stative (that is to say, Kimian-states). The study establishes a link between the aspectual values of the base-verb and the interpretation of VN compounds: VNs on stative base-verbs never form Agent and Instrument nominals but only Experiencer, Means or Location...

In Esperanto, the normal way to describe an object is by using a copula plus adjective form. At some point, speakers of Esperanto began to use an alternative construction based on a stative verb form. This new form was created by placing verbal endings on an adjectival root. This form is now commonplace. Many natural languages use stative verbs. L1 speakers of one of these languages—Chinese—had a strong demographic influence on the Esperanto community in the 1980s, and the change seemed to embed itself in the community after this demographic shift. This paper will attempt to track the general trend of stative verb usage in Esperanto during its 125-year history, and will attempt to see if the influx of L1 Chinese speakers in the 1980s had an influence on stative verb usage.

JNSL, 2023

This paper laid the foundation of the syntactic and semantic analysis of stative verbs in Ugaritic. The semantic scope of stative verbs in Ugaritic is very broad: on the basis of aspectual properties and argument alignment patterns the author describes adjectival, unaccusative patientive, emotive / cognitive, possessive / locative, and existential verbs. Some verbs demonstrate stative vs dynamic alternations, sporadically deriving passive forms. The impersonal usage of stative verb attests for a dative-Experiencer construction in the language of prose – apparently a diachronically late development which can also be due to the influence of a local Canaanite dialect.

Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences eBooks, 2022

The study is focused on the semantic and conceptual description of stative verbs. We analyze stative verbs represented in WordNet and the corresponding frames in FrameNet after the alignment between the two resources. After presenting a classification of stative verbs into thematic classes, we outline the components of the conceptual description based on FrameNet frames, the relations between them and the frame elements that describe the frames. We attempt at building a hierarchical structure of frames for each thematic class and a shallow hierarchy of frame elements with a view to their representation and specialization from a more general (parent) frame to more specific (child) frames related to the general one by means of relations such as inheritance, weak inheritance or perspectivization.

Semantics is the field of linguistic concerned with the study of meaning in language. The aims of the research are to analyze the forms and meanings of the stative verbs in progressive tense in corpora. The data of this research were obtained from Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and British National Corpus (BNC). The data of the corpora used descriptive qualitative. The result of the research shows that the stative verbs are found and used in progressive tense. The stative verbs appeared in all types of progressive tense except future perfect progressive. The use of the stative verbs in progressive tense took place due to overgeneralization in the use of the native speakers' form of American and British English. The stative verbs in progressive tense used to express temporariness, emotiveness, comprehension and mixed categories of meaning; temporariness and emotiveness, temporariness and tentativeness. Temporariness meaning almost appeared in all types of progressive. Stative verbs in progressive tense indirectly stated temporariness in stative sense of meaning, is contrary to the rules of English grammar.