The Study of Liquid Fertilizer from Ground Coffee

2018

Reuse of agricultural waste materials is a smart solution for reducing their environmental impacts and increase economic value. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) is worldwide generated in tremendous amounts. The objectives of this study were to optimize a method to extract humic-like substances (HLS) from SCG using KOH extractant, prepare a liquid organic-mineral fertilizer enriched with N and P in addition to K, and to evaluate this fertilizer on growing maize (Zea mays L.). HLS extracted from SCG increased with KOH concentration up to 3 N and with extraction ratio up to 1:10 at room temperature. Increasing the temperature to 50 and 80 °C and contact time up to 3 h, significantly enhanced HLS recovery. Therefore, the optimum conditions for maximum HLS extraction were; 2 N KOH, SCG-to-extractant ratio of 1:10, 3 h of contact time, and 80 °C. Adjusting the pH of the alkaline K-HLS supernatant to pH 6 was achieved using a mixture of HNO3 and H3PO4. The prepared NPK mineral-organic fertilizer...

Waste

As an everyday beverage, coffee is consumed worldwide, generating a high amount of waste after brewing, which needs attention for its disposal. These residues are referred to as spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which have been shown to have applications as polymers/composites precursors, biofuels, and biofertilizers. This review focuses on agricultural applications usually based on organic matter to fertilize the soil and consequently improve plant growth. To date, SCGs have been shown to exhibit outstanding performance when applied as soil amendment and composting because it is a nutrient-rich organic waste without heavy metals. Therefore, this review presents the different options to use SCGs in agriculture. First, SCG composition using different characterization techniques is presented to identify the main components. Then, a review is presented showing how SCG toxicity can be resolved when used alone in the soil, especially at high concentrations. In this case, SCG is shown to be ef...

Materials

Spent coffee ground is a massively produced coffee industry waste product whose reusage is beneficial. Proximate and ultimate and stochiometric analysis of torrefied spent coffee ground were performed and results were analyzed and compared with other research and materials. Spent coffee ground is a material with high content of carbon (above 50%) and therefore high calorific value (above 20 MJ·kg−1). Torrefaction improves the properties of the material, raising its calorific value up to 32 MJ·kg−1. Next, the phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract was tested using the cress test. The non-torrefied sample and the sample treated at 250 °C were the most toxic. The sample treated at 250 °C adversely affected the germination of the cress seeds due to residual caffeine, tannins and sulfur release. The sample treated at 350 °C performed best of all the tested samples. The sample treated at 350 °C can be applied to the soil as the germination index was higher than 50% and can be used as an alt...

El-Hayah, 2019

Coffee exocarp waste produced from the harvest can be used as raw material for compost. The composting can be added with other ingredients to add organic material. Cow manure is the one ingredient that can be added to enrich organic materials. In the composting process, the time required will be longer, but the time can be accelerated by adding a bio activator. The finished compost can be applied at the plant to meet crop nutrient elements. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of bio activator variation and doses of cow manure on the quality of compost from coffee exocarp waste. This research was conducted at compost house of Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) and was held on February - April 2017. This research used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors; there is a variation of bio activator and doses of cow manure with three replication. Total number of treatment this research were 12 treatment, there are D1S1 = EM4 + 2 k...

AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment)

Accelerated fermentation of coffee husk waste with the help of a fermenter and molasses solution for a certain time can produce compost which is an organic fertilizer product that provides added value and economic benefits for the community. Compost fertilizer when applied to soil can retain nutrients and water, increase the life of microorganisms in the soil and improve soil fertility and crop yields. This service in Belantih Village is carried out through training, counseling, mentoring, and technology transfer practices. The purpose of PKM is to obtain a composting technology package and strengthen group business management that is optimal and integrated with available natural resources. In this Community Partnership Program activity, the process of making compost based on coffee husk waste was introduced with simple fermentation technology. The community's response was very good to service activities at the Widya Pertiwi Women's Farmer Group. This can be seen from the en...

Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2015

Spent coffee ground (SCG) contains large amounts of organic compounds (i.e. fatty acids, 1 amino acids, polyphenols, minerals and polysaccharides) that justify its valorization. Earlier 2 innovation explored the extraction of specific components such as oil, flavor, terpenes, and 3 alcohols as value-added products. However, by-products of coffee fruit and bean 4 processing can also be considered as potential functional ingredients for the food industry. 5

Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and popular part of our culture. However, coffees production generate a lot of coffee wastes and by-products, which, on the one hand, could be used for more applications (sorbent for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, production of fuel pellets or briquettes, substrate for biogas, bioethanol or biodiesel production, composting material, production of reusable cups, substrat for mushroom production, source of natural phenolic antioxidants etc.), but, on the other hand, it could be a source of severe contamination posing a serious environmental problem. In this paper, we present an overview of utilising the waste from coffee production.

Coffee Science

The coffee industry produces a wide range of organic wastes, some in large amounts, and most of them do not have a well-defined final disposal. The agricultural use of these wastes can be based on the recycling of nitrogen, but their chemical characterization and evaluation with soil under controlled conditions are mandatory. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of coffee silverskin and expired coffee grounds as organic fertilizers. The wastes were chemically characterized according to CONAMA’S resolution No. 375 and passed through Brazil’s Agriculture Ministry regulation for organic fertilizers and soil conditioners. A greenhouse experiment with Rhodic Ferralsol soil and maize was performed to obtain the agronomic efficiency index (AEI) for nitrogen. The treatments were control (without residue), ammonium nitrate as a mineral reference, and both organic wastes, at a dose of 450 mg of Kjeldahl nitrogen per pot, in triplicate. The data obtained in the characterization were fa...

2021

Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and popular part of our culture and the crop is cultivated in about 80 countries across the globe and entangles huge business worldwide. Industrial coffee production involves either a dry or a wet processing method for the removal of the shell and mucilaginous parts from the cherries resulting in the production of coffee husk and pulp, respectively. These main by-products generated by the coffee processing plants and are disposed into arable land and surface water causing environmental pollution due to presence of toxic materials such as caffeine and tannins. To contribute to safe disposal of solid biomass waste in coffee processing many research was conducted to assess the opportunities and challenges of expanded use of solid waste from coffee processing in energy and agricultural services in across coffee producing countries. Therefore the objective of this review was to summarize the literatures and the current knowledge on the utilization of coffee husk and pulp waste for soil amendment, for sustainable agricultural systems within small-scale farming in developing countries like Ethiopia, using these easily available materials as good option for developing plant-nutrient management strategies in highly weathered soil area.

2019

Since its discovery, coffee has had a large increase in its consumption, nowadays those who do not usually drink a cup of it, whether at home, at work, coffee is present at the table of many. By the time coffee was born, we know that real wild coffee was born in the interior of Ethiopia. This work was developed from February to October 2019 in the city of Manaus-AM. For the elaboration of the vegetable garden an area was delimited in the urban area in the north of the city, and parallel to this measuring 1x1,20 m was composted using the coffee residues. Instead of disposing of it through the sewage system, which harms both residential plumbing and the sewerage, because the accumulation of sludge in the pipes generates fungi and damages the PVC pipes. Coffee grounds are a product with great potential for use in vegetable cultivation, it is a great outlet for mainly domestic reuse offering an outlet for reuse and avoiding inappropriate disposal.

Biodiversitas, 2023

Improving the growth of immature Liberica coffee is achievable through fertilizer application. This is because nutrients can be provided to plants by microorganisms from organic and biological fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the response and the best treatment for applying coffee husk compost and consortium biofertilizer, which contained nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth of immature Liberica plant. The experiment was held at Ciparanje Research Center, Padjadjaran University, West Java, with an altitude of ±750 meters above sea level (masl) from January to May 2023. Furthermore, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with six treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated four times including control (Urea 20 g.plant-1 + SP36 25 g.plant-1 + KCl 15 g.plant-1), solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plant-1 , liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1 , biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 , solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plant-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 , and liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1. The results showed that biofertilizer significantly affected for increasing the morphology trait of immature Liberica coffee, namely the plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches, length of primary branches, leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll index. The best treatment for immature Liberica plants was the liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1. Based on this research, the combination of coffee husk compost, especially the liquid form, and biofertilizer is the potential application to boost the immature Liberica coffee growth.

Advances in Biological Sciences Research, 2022

The soil chemical properties were important factors influencing growth, productivity, quality, and coffee flavour. The research aimed to evaluate the soil characteristics of coffee land at different growing altitudes in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi. The soil samples were collected in June 2019, within the canopies of the coffee tree to the depth of 15 and 30 cm at each of 1200 m a.s.l. (Botolempangan village) and 1400 m a.s.l. (Balakia village) for Arabica coffee, while Robusta coffee at an altitude of 700 m a.s.l. (Arabika village). Preparation and analysis of the soil samples were conducted at the Laboratory of Chemical and Microbiological Testing, Center for Plantation Based Industry, in Makassar. The result showed that soil properties such as pH, C-organic, N-total, C/N ratio, Cation Exchange Capacity, texture and particle size of soil different for each altitude of the coffee land.

Sustainability, 2022

To maintain high production and growing rates of plants, synthetically obtained fertilizers are commonly used. Excessive amounts of fertilizers damage the natural ecosystem and cause various environmental problems. In relation to the environment and its sustainability, another great environmental, economic, and social issue is food loss and waste. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of spent coffee grounds (SCG) on soil properties, rye growth, and their possibilities to be used as the biodegradable and organic material in the production of organic bulk fertilizer. This study demonstrated that spent coffee grounds contain primary nutrients; moreover, SCG could increase the content of soil organic matter. The addition of 4 wt% to 8 wt% SCG increased the number of spore-forming bacteria from <103 colony forming units/g soil (CFU/g soil) to 3 × 104 CFU/g soil, along with nitrogen assimilating bacteria (plain soil resulted in 5.0 × 105 CFU/g, and addition of SCG increased the value...

In this study, the utilization of waste coffee ground for biodiesel production was investigated. Waste coffee ground sample was collected from TOMOCA PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The oven dried sample was then soxhlet extracted using nhexane to yield 19.73 %w/w oil. The biodiesel was obtained by a two-step process, i.e. acid catalyzed esterification followed by base catalyzed transesterification using catalysts sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. The conversion of waste coffee ground oil in to biodiesel, was about 73.4%w/w. Various parameters that are essential for biodiesel quality were evaluated using the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM D 6751-09) and all comply with the specification except acid value. The fatty acid composition of the biodiesel was analyzed by Gas chromatography and the major fatty acids were found to be linoleic acid (39.8%), palmitic acid (37.6%), oleic (12.7%), and stearic acid (7.6%). In addition, preliminary investigation on the solid waste remaining after oil extraction was conducted for possible use as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. Hydrolysis of the spent of waste coffee ground was carried out using dilute sulphuric acid followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cereviciae, and resulted in bioethanol yield of 8.3 %v/v. Furthermore, the solid waste remaining after bioethanol production was evaluated for compost (21.9:1 C/N) and solid fuel (20.8 MJ/Kg) applications. The results of this research work give insights on the production of biofuel from waste ground coffee. In addition, the preliminary analysis on the solid waste after the extraction of the oil suggests that it can be used as fuel hence alleviating major disposal problems.

2017

Coffee pulp and husk are the main by-products generated by the coffee processing plants and are disposed into arable land and surface water causing environmental pollution. Therefore, the major objectives of the present study were to optimize compost from coffee husk as organic fertilizer for cultivation of lettuce and to determine physico- chemical properties of compost during the decomposition periods. Coffee husk + Cow dung, Coffee husk + Poultry manure and Coffee husk + Desmodium triflorum in 3:1 (v/v) ratio were used to prepare the compost. The physicochemical parameters were determined for all the treatments during the composting periods. Temperature value at 0 day of composting was 28°C and then rose to thermophilic phase on 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Finally at 90 days Temperature was at 35°C for each coffee husk and supplemented materials respectively. The pH values at day 0 were between 8 and 9, and finally at 60, 75 and 90 days were between 8 and 8.5 for each coffee husk and...