Manual handbook For Medical Doctors in Rural Hospitals

India has achieved a great success in the community health after independence. Ultimately, there has been rapid growth in average life expectancy of India. However, India still facing a problem of Infant Mortality, malnourishment and undernourishment, especially population under 5 years of age is also high among the world. Health system in India presents a poor show in the world today and an immediate action should be taken on to tackle this problem. Although expenditure is concern, in India expenditure on the public health is very low; in the every five year plan public health care has been a neglected issue. Accordingly, anyone can understand that, public healthcare sector in India go through the problems like poor governance and underfunding. In rural-urban comparison again the diversity is found and it understands that rural health scenario has worse than the urban. KEY WORDS: public healthcare sector , poor governance and underfunding. INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, as rural healthcare is concern, 1,48,366 Sub-Centres (SCs), 24,049 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and 4,833 Community Health Centres (CHCs) functioning in the country and served more than 800 million of population live in rural areas (Govt. of India, 2012). 1 They provide necessary primary as well as secondary health services to the needy without any discrimination, but they still did not matchup with the health needs of rural areas. A larger segment of rural population in India has been dependent upon the public healthcare system and government try to fulfil the requirements of this population through various programmes and policies. Even these are also not adequate and authorities has been faced many problems while implementing such programmes and policies. Hence, less efficient public sector and private sector is not attractive enough to render their services at the rural areas, rural areas of India became more and more backward in healthcare system. Nevertheless, in the given situation public health centres try to provide a quality services to the poor and needy, but they are facing lots of problems while rendering their service. Accordingly, a strong and efficient health system is must for rural areas, and for that present rural healthcare services will have to deal with some challenges. This part of the study, therefore, put focus on the challenges in front of rural health care services; accordingly some prospects of the rural health services have also been discussed.

Rural Health is one of vital elements of rural life. India being a nation of villages requires an intensive approach towards rural health. Nearly 75 per cent of health infrastructure and other health resources are concentrated in urban areas. Even if several government programmes for growth of rural healthcare have been initiated, the procedural delay in implementation leads to its ineffectiveness. Rural areas have been infected with various contagious diseases like diarrhea, amoebiasis, typhoid, infectious hepatitis, worm infestations, measles, malaria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, respiratory infections, pneumonia and reproductive tract infections. The insanitary conditions of households aggravate expansion of these diseases which is further promoted by apathy of people and government. Although unit level institution under rural healthcare takes care of sanitation through its outreach services yet, there is a long milestone to upgrade our health scenario. Rural Health Care services in India are mainly based on Primary health care, which envisages attainment of healthy status for all. The Primary Health Centre (PHC) has been stated to be prime location for diagnosis and first referral of these patients. The coordination between primary and tertiary level institutions needs to be strengthened for overcoming present challenges. Methodology: This article is a review paper based on analysis of data collected through secondary sources like books, journal articles, government records, NGO reports. The current paper seeks to pinpoint key challenges of rural health system and possible strategies taken by the state for overcoming them.

National journal of community medicine, 2019

Introduction: The shifting trend of diseases from communicable to non-communicable diseases pose a dual threat in India will also add to the burden of morbidity. In view of this, the present study was conduct-ed to assess the common morbidity pattern among the rural population of Maharashtra. Material and methods: A cross sec-tional study were conducted among the rural population of field practice area of Government Medical Col-lege, Miraj, Maharashtra. The study was conducted from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Patients attending Out Patient Department (OPD) services of Rural Health Training Centre and willing to par-ticipate in the study were included. Data on the current morbidity among the patients attending OPD services was gathered by the health workers. Analysis was conducted using the percentages. Results: It was observed that majori-ty of patients attended the OPD ser-vices were females i.e. 54.3% and 45.7% patients were males. The most common morbidity observed am...

Healthcare is one of India's largest sectors, in terms of revenue and employment, and the sector is expanding rapidly. Indicators such as infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, life expectancy at birth, malnutrition, etc., have improved significantly over the last few decades; they remain far below that of countries at similar stage in their economic growth. Furthermore, within the country, there are significant disparities in healthcare infrastructure, spending, and outcomes across states and between urban and rural areas. In order to remove the disparity in the progress of healthcare and to bring health care services in rural, health policy envisages a three tier structure comprising the primary, secondary and tertiary health care facilities to reach the people. The primary tier is designed to have three types of health care institutions, Viz., Sub-Centre (SC), Primary Health Centre (PHC), and a Community Health Centre (CHC) as referral centre for every four PHCs. The study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the Rural Healthcare System in India with the objectives to analyse the trends in progress of Rural Healthcare System and its relation with its progress in the selected states viz., Assam, Himachala Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odessa, Rajasthan and Uttara Pradesh which were selected among 18 states considered as the states with weak healthcare indicators/ infrastructure by National Rural Healthcare Mission. The analyses were made considering Public Healthcare Indicators for Sub-centres with reference to facilities. The study reveals that there is a significant difference among the progress of states in Sub-Centre (SC) indicating that there is no homogeneity in the Progress of development in Rural Healthcare in India. The study also shows that all Healthcare Centres confirms that Progress of Rural Healthcare in India had a strong relation with progress of Healthcare Centres. When progress of healthcare indicators of in Sub-centres of each states are compared with that of India, results reveals that, two healthcare indicators among viz., ANM quarters and ANM living in Quarters are weak in entire Rural India. Similarly, The study brings out the fact that the Healthcare Units have not been able to deliver the intended health care and medical services to the people in the rural areas because of weak facility parameters. The constraints to utilization of their services as identified are the inadequacies in infrastructure, non-availability of medical specialists and para medical staff and non-functional complementary facilities. Suggestions were made to find the strategies to streamline the progress of Rural Healthcare System in Sub-centres so as to ensure the availability, adequacy and functionality of health infrastructural facilities including the medical and para-medical staff in Healthcare Units.

International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, 2010

Diseases are an inevitable aspect of society and thereby their appropriate treatment is an important responsibility of the medical community. Before instilling any therapy, proper understanding of the pathophysiology of the ailment, is of utmost importance. The next important aspect is the role played by experience and evidence based practices by physicians and the entire health care team, in finding the best possible cure for the ailment. The study was carried out to find out the prevalence of diseases and treatment pattern in village of Pilani. This is a review generated on the basis of analysis of patient cases. A total of 1,135 patient cases were analysed over a period 4 years i.e. January 2005-December 2008. Respiratory tract infection, Asthma, Fever and Anxiety were commonest aliments urging people to seek medical attention. This is also in agreement with the natural settings of the area as Pilani is a place struck constantly with sandstorms, both extremities of season and with a huge population of illiterate people, predominantly farmers and labour class. The analysis was done after direct observation of prescription and monitoring patient signs and symptoms. Physicians were found to follow both, experience and evidence based prescription practices. A large number of prescriptions included cephalosporin antibioticmostly third generation, many a times slightly higher than prescribed doses, mainly due to the resistance pattern of pathogens, observed in the community. At the same time patients were found not completing the antibiotic course and so spent on an average 5 days in the hospital mainly attributed to illiteracy, poverty and poor understanding, discontinuation of medication with slight improvement in symptoms.

GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL ISSN NO : 1869-9391, 2024

The utilization of Indian System of Medicine (ISM) in rural healthcare settings holds significant promise for addressing the healthcare needs of underserved populations. This comprehensive review aims to examine the current landscape of ISM utilization in rural areas, highlighting its strengths, challenges, and potential avenues for improvement. Drawing upon a wide range of scholarly literature, government reports, and field studies, this review discusses the historical evolution of

Handbook of Diabetes Management, 2005

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2016

health workers are unable to deliver services effectively without appropriate physical capitals. [1] The primary health care is managed by the rural primary health centers (PHCs), where only primary health care is provided. Apart from treatment, provision of health care is the most important event here. The first-level intervention starts from PHC. Patient from the rural setup with any type of ailments approaches the PHC and seeks advice or treatment depending on the nature and seriousness of the impaired health condition of the individual. [2] The Planning Commission of India has released a document on universal health coverage in which health service entitlements are proposed for different disease categories. [3] The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them. Background: Skilled health workers are unable to deliver services effectively without appropriate physical capitals. Objective: The current study is pursued with the objectives (1) to study the competence level of medical officers in providing the treatment and care of two specific noncommunicable diseases and emergency conditions. (2) To score primary health centers (PHCs) on the basis of vulnerability by using Vulnerability Index calculator. (3) To know about the availability of the medicines to treat diseases in question, important instruments, and vehicle. Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study involving PHC medical officers (MBBS). There are total 47 PHCs in Anand district in Gujarat. It was decided to include 50% PHCs from each block out of total 47 PHCs. The PHCs were selected by systematic random sampling with sampling interval of 2 and ni calculated for each block separate. Σni is 25. Results: We found that the median knowledge scores for hypertension and diabetes among PHC medical officers were 4.00 and 4.50 out of 10. Mean Vulnerability Index was 7.36, which is overall coming in moderate vulnerability. A total of 40% medical officers were able to identify correctly at least 2 symptoms of hypertension. A total of 88% medical officers were able to handle cases of snake bite and bee stings. In all the PHCs, emergency lifesaving drugs were available. Conclusions: There should be proper training of medical officers in the treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Logistics that are not available should be made available.

This article examines the problems and prospects of health care services in India. Health is the one of the important concept and Primary Health Centre (PHCs), sometimes referred to as public health centres are state owned health care facilities in India. India as a nation has been growing economically at a rapid pace particularly after the advent of New Economic Policy of 1991. However, this paid economic development has not been accompanied by social development particularly health sector development. Health sector has been accorded very low priority in term of allocation of resources. Public expenditure on health is less than 1% of GDP. The Majority of the rural people are poor and there are not able to pay heavy medical fees for private hospitals. They are getting the best medical treatment from primary health centers and their health status will be improved. The main objectives of the study to analyze the importance of health in India, to examine the functions of Primary Health Centers in rural areas and to understand the problems and prospects of Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in rural areas. The present study is basically theoretical background. It is based on secondary data. This study covers problems and prospects of PHCs in rural areas