Racial Segregation in select works of Alice Walker

About the recent attacks on African students in Noida, and how violent racism is part of India's caste ideology. Published in OHeraldo, April 2017.

Journal of World-Systems Research

This article provides a definition of racism inspired in the work of Frantz Fanon, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and contemporary Caribbean Fanonian Philosophers. It discusses racism in relation to zone of being and zone of non-being. Racism is discussed as a dehumanization related to the materiality of domination used by the world-system in the zone of non-being (violence and dispossession) as opposed to the materiality of domination in the zone of being (regulation and emancipation). The approach shows how intersectionality of oppressions work differently for oppressed people in the zone of being as opposed to oppressed people in the zone of non-being. While in the zone of being oppressions are mitigated by racial privilege, in the zone of non-being oppressions are aggravated by racial oppression.

This paper is a collection of essays regarding the formulation of racism and how it plays a key role in our societies.

Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 2023

Far from being a past or obsolete phenomenon, racism is branching out and spreading in many forms today. The scope of the concept of racism remains, however, difficult to demarcate. So is the differentiation of this term from other notions that designate similar attitudes, behaviors and practices. This paper discusses some issues of current interest in relation to racism, starting with the link between the terms "racism" and »race«, and debating the current distancing and even separation of the two concepts, despite the linguistic link. The paper also analyzes various definitions and perspectives on racism. Some content issues are approached, such as the fact that racism is, as contrary to some shared attitudes such as xenophobia, both an ideology or theory and a set of exclusionary and marginalizing practices. Furthermore, different forms of racism are addressed, from 'classical', biological racism, which resorted to biological differentiations, to the forms of racism that characterize the contemporary world, which emphasize cultural differences and/or include racist views and practices embedded in social values, norms and even in the functioning of society. These present-day forms of racism have been referred to by various expressions, such as cultural racism, differential racism, symbolic racism, racism without races, neo-racism, and institutional racism. Some conclusions are drawn from these delimitations, discussions and reflections, such as that maybe it might be more accurate to speak of racisms in the plural, given that the hypothesis of multiple racisms is increasingly confirmed by practice, as well as the fact that not only multiple racisms but also multiple dogmata should be considered in order to have a comprehensive overview of exclusion, marginalization, oppression, exploitation or discrimination.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021

Race and racism are some of the most momentous contemporary issues of our time. The impact of racial classification and racism can be felt by all people from different walks of life. It is one of the most determining element of a person's life in areas of status and employment, among other factors. The perception of race and its consequent product of racism has for decades being the center of controversy as this has perpetuated itself in every layer of the structure of a society. The discrimination a group or a community face due to their skin colour is something inexplicable and immeasurable to what they have endured and continue to endure regardless of how rapidly the society develops. Modern society, even though having undergone various stages of evolution, has failed in its egregious attempts to prevent and eliminate racism from its roots due to its weak perception that a person's race is what defines their worth. In this context, this paper aims to study the different races and the impact of racism on people in a more comprehensive manner. It throws light on the history of race and the different types of races present in the world. The primary purpose is to study the impact of race on our country and how it has affected people in its aspects of racism.

In Y. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage (2006)

2019

Racism is defined as the belief that members of one race are basically superior than members of other races. This research analyzes racial issues in the novel of Alice Walker and to investigate how racist attitudes are experienced by blacks as portrayed in Alice Walker's The Color Purple also to describe the values of racism. In The Color Purple, racism is defined as a white antagonist against a helpless black person. It is interesting to realize that none of the antagonists in the novel are purely one-sided evil beings. The researcher used genetic stucturalism approach. The researcher also used qualitative method in order to reveal racial issues in this novel. The result of the research found that this novel shows the traces of racism toward black people in America. In this novel the racism act of white is reflected in its relation with black people. Its relation shows up in some aspects; First, white's prejudice towards black people in order to maintain white supremacy. Second, discrimination and segregation that are constructed by using verbal expression, avoidance, exclusion, physical abuse, and extinction. Third, resistance of black people againts racial discrimination.

In the midst of student disquiet vocalised through campaigns running across the UK that ask ‘why is my curriculum white?’, this book which poses to interrogate the relationship between Racism and Sociology offers a timely intervention. Taking its cue from the well-noted point long made amongst race scholars concerning the marginalisation of W.E.B. DuBois within the discipline when compared with the more established ‘founding fathers’ of Weber and Durkheim, this collection sets out to demonstrate how the development of Sociology has been culpable in institutionalising the racial project. The book's important contribution to the field lies in its interrogation, not simply of the failure of mainstream sociological analyses to recognise how racial structures order social relations, but in its grappling with the ways in which racism has underpinned theoretical developments of the social question.

The author argues that racism is a universal characteristic, existing in every society. It is a communication function, with eyesight being the primary detector of human differences as they group defensively, as argued by sociologist Emory Bogardus and political scientist Karl Deutsch.