DIAGNOSIS EPILEPSI

The diagnosis of epilepsy is problematic because the routine diagnosis of epilepsy is therefore clinical, and requires specific clinical knowledge and skills. Recognizing and correctly diagnosing seizures can lead to a number of effective treatments. In the majority of patiens with epilepsy, diagnosis can be made with a detailed neurologic history and examination, an EEG, and brain imaging. However, in certain patients, diagnosis requires recording the seizures during inpatient video-EEG monitoring. This article explains an approach for diagnosing and evaluating this epilepsy patient's population in the clinics.

EPILEPSI PADA ANAK

Epilepsi merupakan penyakit tertua di dunia (2000 th SM) (Petrus Tjahyadi dikutif dari Harsono,Ed : 1996). Di Indonesia kasus epilepsi secara pasti tidak diketahui karena tidak ada data epidemiologi, namum hingga saat ini diperkirakan ada 900.000 sampai 1.800.000 kasus (Petrus Tjahyadi dikutif dari Harsono, ED : 1996).Penyakit epilepsi selain merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat rumit juga merupakan suatu penyakit yang menimbulkan dampak / stigma sosial yang sangat berat bagi penderita dan keluarganya. Adanya pemahaman yang salah tentang penyakit epilepsi yang dipandang sebagai penyakit kutukan merupakan suatu hal yang menyebabkab sulitnya mendeteksi jumlah kasus ini di masyarakat karena biasanya keluarga sering menyembunyikan keluarganya yang menderita penyakit ini.

A.

Sistem saraf tersusun oleh berjuta-juta sel saraf yang mempunyai bentuk bervariasi.

Epilepsy is recognized as the commonest serious neurological disorder in the world. Women with epilepsy experience several gender-related physical and social problems. They constitute high obstetric risk because of reduced fertility, risk of seizures during pregnancy, and complications of pregnancy. Hormonal and other factors can alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and puerperium. Antenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs, particularly at higher dosage and in polytherapy, increases the risk of fetal malformation. Recent reports raise the possibility of selective developmental language deficits and neurocognitive deficits with antenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. There are concerns regarding the effect of traces of antiepileptic drugs that pass to the infant during breast-feeding. The pre conception management is the cornerstone for epilepsy care in Women with epilepsy. A careful reappraisal of each case should ascertain the diagnosis, the need for continued antiepileptic drugs therapy, selection of appropriate antiepileptic drugs, optimization of the dosage, and prescription of folic acid. During pregnancy, the fetal status needs to be monitored with estimation of serum a-fetoprotein and ultrasound screening for malformations. The dosage of antiepileptic drugs can be adjusted according to clinical requirement and blood levels of antiepileptic drugs. Several institutions recommend oral vitamin K toward the end of pregnancy when enzymeinducing.