High-Performance CCSDS AOS Protocol Implementation in FPGA

2000

This paper is concerned with the implementation of a small satellite on-board computer (OBC) on a single programmable logic chip and with the development of a software communication system for it. The communication system is based on the CCSDS protocol, which is a standard communication protocol in the space industry. Integration of soft intellectual property cores forming a main subsystem

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019

Satellite backbone networks provide a viable means of establishing broadband connectivity for remote, sparsely populated areas. In addition, satellite communication systems are well suited for airborne, maritime, and disaster relief environments. Technologies for links are continuing to improve in performance and power efficiency, making onboard regeneration and routing feasible within spacecraft power envelope. In this article, we implement and analyze a spaceborne router design integrated on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA provides a flexibility needed to circumvent space radiation effects on chip circuitry, as they can be reconfigured at runtime. We explored scalability of the high-end state-of-the art FPGA chip family, and its ability to support high bit-rate satellite links: 10 Gbps satellite-to-ground links and 100 Gbps intersatellite links. Through implementation and testing, we confirm that the current FPGA technology can support space routers with very high data throughput.

2016

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder and decoder is implemented in this paper. LDPC codes are the most powerful ECC. CCSDS standard recommends LDPC code with various code rates out of which LDPC with code rate of 7/8 is very advantageous in high data rate space missions due to low bandwidth overhead. LDPC is a quasi cyclic code with 511x511 base circulant matrices. A generic hardware architecture based on SRAA (Shift Register Adder Accumulate) encoder architecture for quasi cyclic codes is proposed in this paper. LDPC encoder encodes the data and sends it to the channel. Bit Flipping Algorithm is applied for decoding of received data. It detects and corrects the error. At the end, simulation verifies the detection and correction of errors.

2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2015

The structure of candidate next-generation integrated communication architectures for space communications and navigation address technologies, architectural attributes, mission services, and communications capabilities is improved by using software defined radios (SDRs). Evaluating lessons learned from development and operation of the early space SDRs on the NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Testbed on the International Space Station (ISS) provide feedback for defining the communications architecture. An important attribute is leveraging SDR reconfigurability, which can be changes the way that operations are conducted.

2009

International audienceThis paper gives an overview of development and prototyping of a radio interface designed for high data rate Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) using a top down approach. An aerospace application of this work is presented to underline the importance of rapid and flexible prototyping. Single Carrier Frequency division multiple Access (SC-FDMA), with a very low Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR), is a promising alternative to the OFDM scheme for highly power constraint applications, however, it is still not well explored. The chosen radio interface will be tested by means of Electronic System Level (ESL) synthesis and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) prototyping. The ESL development is based on the tool "Synplify DSP", which allows quick prototyping and makes it possible to do real measurements, thus increasing the knowledge about the propagation channel to update the model and algorithm

AIP Conference Proceedings 2226, 2020

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) recommends AES algorithm as a cryptographic algorithm to maintain confidentiality and data security between spacecraft and ground systems. In implementation, there are several AES algorithm operating modes including Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC), Electronic Codebook (EBC), Cipher Feedback (CFB), Output Feedback (OFB), and counter mode (CTR). One of the operating modes of AES algorithm recommended by CCSDS is CTR because it has advantages in terms of efficiency of implementation and offers a high level of data security. LAPAN-A4 as the next generation of LAPAN satellites also uses CCSDS standard in terms of data exchange between satellites and ground stations including telemetry and telecommand (TTC) data and satellite payload data. In order to protect LAPAN-A4 satellite data, especially TTC data, in this paper AES algorithm was implemented in CTR operating mode on the FPGA which will then be implemented on LAPAN-A4 satellite onboard data handling (OBDH) as one of LAPAN-A4 satellite data security systems. To overcome the limited resource of FPGA, optimization is also done using basic iterative AES hardware reused method, which is to reuse hardware that has been designed n times for same operation for AES algorithm. From the results of implementation and optimization, efficiency of logic gates used is increasing almost a quarter less than the previous research.

1990

The High-Perform ance Com puting Initiative from the W hite House Office of Science and Technology Policy has defined 20 m ajor challenges in science and engineering which are dependent on the solutions to a num ber of high-perform ance com puting problem s. One of th e m ajor areas of focus of this initiative is the developm ent of gigabit rate networks to be used in environm ents such as the space station or a N ational Research and Educational Network (NREN). T he strategy here is to use existing network designs as building blocks for achieving higher rates, with the ultim ate goal being a gigabit ra te network. Two strategies which contribute to achieving this goal are examined in detail. 1 FD D I2 is a token ring network based on fiber optics capable of a 100 Mbps rate. Both m edia access (MAC) and physical layer modifications are considered. A m ethod is pre sented which allows one to determ ine maximum utilization based on the token-holding tim er settings. Simulation results show th at employing the second counter-rotating ring in com bination with destination removal has a m ultiplicative effect greater than the effect which either of the factors have individually on perform ance. Two 100 Mbps rings can handle loads in the range of 400 to 500 Mbps for traffic w ith a uniform distribution and fixed packet size. Perform ance is dependent on the num ber of nodes, im proving as the num ber increases. A wide range of environm ents are exam ined to illustrate robustness, and a m ethod of im plem entation is discussed. 'T h i s w ork w as su p p o rte d b y C IT g ra n t R F-89-002-01, N A SA g r a n t N A G -1-908 and Sun M icrosystem g r a n t R F 596043. 2F ib e r D istrib u te d D a ta In terfa ce (F D D I) is an A m erican N a tio n a l S ta n d a rd s In s titu te s ta n d a rd for token ring netw orks.

Goddard Space Flight Center actively participated in the mid 90's in an effort to standardize a lossless data compression algorithm for space applications. As the standard effort progressed, implementation in Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) was initiated for high throughput applications. Eventually, a radiation hardened circuit was fabricated to function at over 20 Msamples/sec. Implementation of new technologies into space missions has always met resistance. The mentality of "If it works, why needs change?" prevails in aerospace community. The notion of "not-invented-here", or otherwise known as NIH disease further hampers progress. The first real mission application at GSFC of the lossless standard was for a small explorer, the Sub-millimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS-1999) that needed to overcome insufficient onboard storage capacity. Subsequent mid-class explores for space science missions, Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE-00), Microwave Anisotropic Probe (MAP-01), followed. These implementations are all software based.

1997