A QoS-Assured and Mobility-Aware Routing Protocol for MANETs

2019

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the provision of quality of service (QoS) guarantees is much more challenging mainly due to node mobility and resource constraints. Therefore it is important that routing protocols incorporate QoS metrics in route finding and maintenance to support end-to-end QoS. The traditional AODV protocol seems less satisfactory in terms of routing data to end systems. Many revisions are done to the traditional AODV protocol to meet QoS challenges focused on bandwidth, end to end delay, Packet delivery ratio, energy and mechanism overheads. Hence , it becomes very necessary for MANETS to have an efficient routing and QoS mechanism to support various application. This article extensively and exclusively studies the issues involved with QoS routing and presents an overview and comparison of existing QoS based revisions done on AODV protocol, thus providing the reader with insight into their differences and allows to highlight trends in protocol design and identify

2020

Quality of service (QoS) based routing protocols play a significant role in MANETs to maintain proper flow of data with efficient power consumption and without data loss. However, several network resource based technical challenges or issues are encountered in the design and implementation of QoS routing protocols that perform their routing function by considering the shortest route or the lowest cost. Furthermore, a secondary route is not reserved and alternative routes are not searched unless the established route is broken. The current structures of the state-of-the-art protocols for MANETs are not appropriate for today’s high bandwidth and mobility requirements. Therefore, research on new routing protocols is needed, considering energy level, coverage, location, speed, movement, and link stability instead of only shortest path and lowest cost. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of QoS-based routing protocols to facilitate researchers to design and select QoS-based ...

The QoS (quality of service) of a mobile adhoc network (MANET) is determined by a number of factors, the most important of which is the quality of the links among the routes. The ratio of connection failure decreases throughput efficiency, which has a direct impact on QoS. Many industrial units provide a variety of services that can be retrieved through a MANET. This enables industrial things and users to access services through several mobile devices. Since the Manet nodes travel at different speeds and in different directions, the frequency of connection failure will always be higher. However, a variety of routing protocols have been addressed previously to support data transmission, but they struggle when it comes to achieving higher QoS efficiency. This paper presents an optimization-based route selection algorithm to increase the efficiency of route selection and maximize QoS. The method measures the likelihood of connection availability by using the position information, mobility speed, and direction of numerous nodes. In addition, the value of traffic at each node, the neighbors of each node, and the frequency of transmission in each hop are used to calculate the QoS Measure.These parameters are built by using the k-mean clustering algorithm, the final trust for each node will calculate, and nodes will classify based on the level of trust. The results show that the proposed service model has lower communication overhead and, thus, smaller energy consumption amount is achieved when compared with recently proposed models. The proposed approach decreases the energy consumed up to about 50% than the standard AODV protocol.

2015

Mobile Ad-hoc networks are collection of mobile nodes, which communicate over wireless links. These networks inherit the traditional problems of wireless and mobile communications. In addition, the multi-hop nature and self routing. As mantes are gaining popularity because of its self organizing nature, easy to deployment, adaptation to highly variable characteristics and frequent network topology changes without requiring any fixed infrastructure these networks are becoming useful for Quality of Service (QoS) sensitive applications too such as multi-media and VoIP. So there is a requirement to support QoS for real time traffic. Traditional routing protocol in mantes have not done much focus on QoS issues, But recently many QoS routing protocol has been proposed to solve these issues. Traditional routing protocols have been modified as well as new routing protocols have been introduced. This paper presents a survey of QoS routing protocols which support various QoS metrics, first th...

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 2012

In mobile ad hoc networks, Quality of Service (QoS) routing is a challenging issue due to several factors like node mobility, multi-path communication and channel access. QoS guarantees are required by most multimedia and other real-time applications. The difficulties of the QoS routing have limited the value of MANETs. Many researches have been done so as to provide QoS assurances in MANET routing protocols. In recent years a number of QoS routing protocols with distinguishing features have been proposed. This paper presents a survey of some of these protocols which include a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources and factors affecting the performance. The protocols are classified according to the multi-path, cross layer, stability, bandwidth reservation, load balancing and power efficiency based approaches. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the protocols have also been studied which allow us to identify the areas for future research. Finally, a comparative study of all routing protocols is provided.

IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 2012

MANET is a autonomous network where communicating entities can communicate without the aid of any downlink power controller called base stations. The wide deployment of MANET, demand for providing different quality of service (QoS) in the network has increased much. QoS routing strategy focused on routing strategy for different QoS in this dynamic network. Hence the task of QoS routing is to optimize the network resource utilization while satisfying the application requirements. Therefore there is no centralized control over links. Further the link quality varies due to mobility of nodes. Existing routing protocols like Ad hoc on demand routing protocol (AODV) or other quality of service routing have a scope of not making the changes in link quality once the path is established and cost matrix is set to zero and link quality is not taken in to consideration to select the stable paths. Therefore the performance of such system degrades with high mobility. Hence in this work we emphasis on incorporating link quality estimation based on mobility prediction of nodes incorporate same in the routing decision further new routes are accumulated and the primary transmission path is changed in case of a better route interms of link quality is obtained. In this paper we mingle the idea of link stability and cost matrix, power consumption to uncover better path interms of both stability and cost along with QoS support.

International Journal of …

Ad-hoc network is set up with multiple wireless devices without any infrastructure. Its employment is favored in many environments. Quality of Service (QoS) is one of the main issues for any network and due to bandwidth constraint and dynamic topology of mobile ad hoc networks, supporting Quality of Service (QoS) is extremely a challenging task. It is modeled as a multi-layer problem and is considered in both Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing layers for ad hoc networks. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is one of the most used and popular reactive routing protocols in ad-hoc networks. This paper proposed a new protocol 'QoS based AODV' (QAODV) which is a modified version of AODV.

The International Arab Journal of Information Technology

Establishing and maintaining link stability in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is one of the key challenging issues. Topology changes in MANET because overhead traffic that leads to consuming extra energy of nodes as well as decreasing the performance of routing protocols. Thus, a comprise approach should be considered during the design of a routing scheme in MANETs to deal with challenges incurred by the mobility of the nodes. In this study, a simple efficient routing scheme called Enhanced_AODV (E-AODV) is proposed, aiming to enhance Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol performance by constructing the most stable and reliable route from source to the destination node. In this routing scheme, the remaining lifetime of links and hop count are the metrics considered for calculating the Route Stability Factor (RSF) that can be utilized as a cost metric to establish the best route between source and destination node. The simulation results reveal that the proposed E...

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2016

In an ad-hoc network's there is no specific infrastructure and no static topology. It has more dynamic topology that changes over time and less battery power of the nodes, less bandwidth and transmission quality enhancements. It supported Real time & multimedia application by Manet. QOS have parameter like as easy bandwidth utilization, less delay, minimum packet loss, good throughput, jitter. Goal of QoS is to optimized a more positive network conduct, therefore that data carried by the network can be better utilized. and it may minimize of the one way network delay. Delay variance(jitter) and packet loss. Routing is implicit problem in manet because of without of any fixed base station and capricious mobility of nodes rooted onto the best effort distribution of services. In this paper we defines some protocols such as CEDAR,PLBQR,QOLSR, QOS AODV,AND TBP, which is minimize the packet loss, delay, low jitter. A QoS enabled routing protocol is expected to support several matrices with end to end delay, throughput, bandwidth and jitter as well as packet delivery ratio. In QoS some parameter like as easy bandwidth utilization, less delay, minimum packet loss, good throughput etc.

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any infrastructure. MANET applications such as audio/video conferencing, webcasting requires very stringent and inflexible Quality of Service (QoS). The provision of QoS guarantees is much more challenging in MANETs than wired networks due to node mobility, limited power supply and a lack of centralized control. Many researches have been done so as to provide QoS assurances by designing various MANET protocols. In recent years a number of QoS routing protocols with distinguishing features have been newly proposed. However, systematic performance evaluations and comparative analysis of these protocols in a common realistic environment have been performed only in a limited manner. This paper presents a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources and factors affecting performance of QoS routing protocols. The relative strength, weakness, and applicability of existing QoS routing protocols are also studied and compared. QoS routing protocols are classified according to the QoS metrics used, type of QoS guarantee assured and their interaction with the medium access control (MAC) protocol.