IJESIT Simulation of Tin Bath

Nuclear Science and Engineering, 1978

Molten glass interacts explosively with water under certain contact mode conditions. The contact mode found explosive is as follows: Molten glass enters the water bath in the film boiling regime (as predicted by Dhir's correlation), and soon after entry the J!apor film is perturbed sufficiently by an external pressure pulse. The ensuing reaction proceeds basically along the same lines as energetic tin/water interactions observed by several investigators. In the absence of this pressure pulse, the event is nonenergetic. The present findings are for a combination in which the hot material has a very low thermal diffusivity and the calculated interface temperature is significantly (~ 180 K) below its melting temperature. This is similar to the characteristics of the U02/sodium or U02/water combinations. The observed explosive glass/water interactions show growth times on the order of a few milliseconds. The particulate size distribution from the present tests was coarser than the particulate size distribution from some in-pile and out-oFpi/e U0 2 /sodium interaction tests. 2 V. H. ARAKERI et a!., "An Experimental Study of the Thermal Interaction for Molten Tin Dropped into Water,"

Springer eBooks, 2014

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Technical science and innovation

A systematic analysis of the technological process of glass melting as an object of automatic control and management has been carried out. As an object of automatic control with distributed parameters, the mathematical description of the glassmaking furnace operation has been developed (considering the main phenomenological features of the technological mode of glassmaking).In this paper, a mathematical description of charge melting process, additional heating by electric current, bubbling, thermal conductivity and heat fluxes during the processing of molten glass have been generated. Initial conditions and simplifying assumptions have been derived. The model is based on the equations of continuity, momentum and energy, as well as kinetic turbulent energy, dissipation of kinetic turbulent energy. An experiment has been conducted on the proposed in order to check for its adequacy to real glass-making processes.

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2006

The interdiffusion coefficients of Zn, Ag, Sb, Pb, and Bi in liquid Sn were determined using both shear cell and long capillary techniques. These elements were chosen to provide a range of valences and atomic radii, variables that are expected to affect the interdiffusion coefficients. The results indicate that Sb and Ag diffuse in liquid Sn at the same rate as does Sn itself. Bi and Pb appear to diffuse more slowly in liquid Sn than does Sn. Zn appears to diffuse more rapidly in liquid Sn than does Sn itself. These results indicate that the atomic radius is an important variable for interdiffusion in liquid Sn. However, the results for the interdiffusion of Zn, Pb, and Bi, were more scattered than those for Ag and Sb, suggesting that some convective mixing, due possibly to transverse temperature gradients, may be occurring even in capillaries with only 1.5 mm diameters.

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2004

Advances in numerical simulation capabilities have made the modeling of both glass-conditioning and glass-forming processes feasible. Glass-forming operations include large free surface deformations, conjugate heat transfer, and complex contact phenomena. In this paper, glass-container forming processes are modeled to provide insight into the impacts of the various stages of forming and conditioning on final container quality. The model uses finite elements and includes the effects of viscoelasticity, surface tension, and time-varying heat transfer. Special attention is given to areas that require further developments in numerical capabilities and an increased knowledge of boundary conditions and material properties.

International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 2010

The bubbles generated by argon blowing in a nozzle have important effects on the flow and heat transfer behavior of mold slag. To determine the effect of argon blowing on the flow and heat transfer behavior of liquid slag in the mold, we developed three-dimensional mathematical models coupled the volume of fluid and discrete phase models. The results showed a small circulation flow of liquid mold slag occurred near the nozzle side face and the mold narrow face respectively at the center plane between the mold wide faces. Additionally, we identified a larger circulation of liquid mold slag in the middle region of the mold. With increased argon flow rate, the flow velocity peak at the liquid steel and slag interface decreased, the temperature of the liquid mold slag increased. A moderate flow rate of argon improved the uniformity of flow velocity and temperature distribution of liquid slag and reduced the flow velocity peak at the interface of the liquid steel and slag. To avoid the solidification of liquid steel at the steel-slag interface near the mold face, moderately high casting speed and argon flow rate and larger inclination angle and immersion depth of the submerged entry nozzle may be beneficial. These results provide a theoretical basis to optimize the parameters of the argon blowing process and improve slab quality.

International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 2011

Advances in tank melter, refractory, controls, and heat source technology have paralleled progress in glass chemistry, quality, and production scale for decades. These same advances have also led to a revival of the 75-year-old concept of bottom heating for glass melting. To create high-intensity heat transfer and rapid melt homogenization, bottom heating, or submerged combustion melting, uses forced convection and direct contact heat transfer. The work of European, American, and Ukranian scientists has demonstrated that bottom heating offers energy savings, emissions reductions, and cost savings relative to conventional melting. Recent work by the Gas Technology Institute of the United States, in partnership with a consortium of glass companies, has advanced the bottom heating technology for a number of glass products to the brink of commercialization. With ongoing work a practical, rapid refining process could be developed to enable bottom melting as an alternative melting approach for a broad range of commercial glasses.

2005

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Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2012

First, we report observations achieved on a gravitationally-driven film drainage with molten glass pointing out a stabilizing effect when temperature is larger than 1250 • C. A model to describe the change of surface tension with the film thickness due to the evaporation of oxide species is proposed. A lubrication model is derived taking into account the gradient of surface tension. The final system of equations describing the mass and the momentum conservations is numerically solved by an implicit time solver using a finite difference method at a second order scheme in time and space.