Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensor for Energy Harvesting

Microsystem Technologies

In this paper, an acoustic sensor having ZnO based circular diaphragm sandwiched between two aluminum electrodes as the key element that can find applications in energy harvesting from acoustic sources has been designed, modeled, simulated, fabricated and tested. The ZnO layer is RF sputtered on Silicon substrate and a cavity has been formed by back etching the substrate. The dimensions of the structure are chosen such that the natural frequency of the structure closely matches with that of source frequency to get maximum output voltage due to resonance. The structure is mathematically modeled by Lumped Element Model method and simulated with Finite Element Model method. The experimental results indicate approximately 40 mV output voltage (Open circuit) at 140 db and the natural frequency in the range 11-12 kHz which is in close approximation with the results in mathematical model and simulated structure. The original version of this article was revised due to a retrospective open access cancellation.

Energy Procedia, 2017

This paper presents the characteristic of piezoelectric for sound wave energy harvester. The sound level on piezoelectric is experimented at range of 35-100 dB. This range is comparable with ambience environmental human sound of level 50-100 dB. Piezoelectric type Q220-A4-503YB has been used as energy transducer. This type of piezoelectric has achieved a better performance in term of output power or voltage. The output of piezoelectric transducer is connected to 3 difference types of harnessing circuitry; Villard voltage multiplier, Dickson voltage multiplier and full-wave rectifier. The measured results of piezoelectric transducer with and without connected to external circuitry devices have attained a good agreement with expected theory within the frequency of interest. The piezoelectric transducer accomplished maximum power response of performance 33.133 dBuW at sound level of 96 dB. The Villard and Dickson voltage multipliers produced output voltage greater than full wave bridges which are 9.817V, 9.593V and 3.504V respectively at 96dB sound intensity level. The results show that the piezoelectric transducer connected to Villard voltage multiplier produced the best performance. The proposed sound wave energy harvester offer a better performance and able to replace the problematic battery in wireless signal network.

Bonfring International Journal of Research in Communication Engineering, 2016

High-speed trains have a sustained high-noise level for long periods during operation. Although such high-noise levels are effective for acoustic energy harvesting, a practical design for an acoustic energy harvesting system from a high-speed train is lacking. In this study, the design of an energy harvesting system was implemented utilizing noise from a high-speed train during practical operation. We investigated the noise generated from a high-speed train and derived the characteristics of the main noise sources. The results confirmed that low-frequency noise of 50-200 Hz was generated in the passenger, cab, and between car sections. Results from this investigation were used to design a Helmholtz resonator for a target noise of 174 Hz based on a theoretical model. Moreover, numerical simulation was conducted using sound source speakers to investigate vibrations in the walls of the resonator. Finally, energy harvesting experiments were conducted using various types of piezoelectric elements such as rectangular and circular plates. Experimental results indicate that approximately 0.7 V was generated for an incident sound pressure level of 100 dB using a large rectangular plate. Such power level is sufficient to power a variety of low-power electric devices.

ArXiv, 2021

This study presents a novel piezoelectric beam structure for acoustic energy harvesting. The beams have been designed to maximize output energy in areas where the noise level is loud such as highway traffic. The beam consists of two layers (copper and polyvinylidene fluoride) that convert the ambient noise’s vibration energy to electrical energy. The piezoelectric material’s optimum placement have been studied, and its best positon is obtained on the substrate for the maximum yield. Unlike previous studies, which the entire beam substrate used to be covered by a material, this study presents a modest material usage and contributes to lowering the harvester’s final production cost. Additionally, in this study, an electrical model was developed for the sensor and a read-out circuitry was proposed for the converter. Moreover, the sensor was validated at different noise levels at various lengths and locations. The simulations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics® and MATLAB® and report...

2006 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2006

This paper describes an approach for harvesting electrical energy from a low-cost piezoelectric generator using a CMOS energy processor. The generator consists of an ordinary piezoelectric buzzer and a steel ball bonded onto it. The device mechanically behaves as a spring-mass system. Mechanical vibrations are converted into electric power by a PZT layer. The energy processor has an expected efficiency of 55% for an output power of 198.21µW. The efficiency and the amount of generated energy by the low-cost converter is comparable to other authors' results, indicating that it could be used in some applications where the miniaturization is not important and low price is desirable. Furthermore, the design of a CMOS charge controller is presented and its simulation results are discussed. The integrated circuit has the function of controlling the charge delivered to a 1.2Vdc battery.

International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2011

This paper reviews energy harvesting technology from mechanical vibration. Recent advances on ultralow power portable electronic devices and wireless sensor network require limitless battery life for better performance. People searched for permanent portable power sources for advanced electronic devices. Energy is everywhere around us and the most important part in energy harvesting is energy transducer. Piezoelectric materials have high energy conversion ability from mechanical vibration. A great amount of researches have been conducted to develop simple and efficient energy harvesting devices from vibration by using piezoelectric materials. Representative piezoelectric materials can be categorized into piezoceramics and piezopolymers. This paper reviews key ideas and performances of the reported piezoelectric energy harvesting from vibration. Various types of vibration devices, piezoelectric materials and mathematical modeling of vibrational energy harvestings are reviewed.

Due to the development of ultra-low power portable electronics and wireless sensors, the use of ambient energy, such as vibration energy for harvesting energy using piezoelectric materials has aroused great interests. A number of techniques have been proposed by the researchers for harvesting energy from the vibration source. Mostly, the techniques are classified as narrowband or broadband depending on the range of frequencies in which they produce maximum power. Substantial research has been done by the researchers in both these areas and countless techniques are proposed in order to harvest maximum power. A study is needed to compare these techniques to suggest a proper technique for a typical application. This paper presents a detailed categorization of the various piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques and also covering each of them with suitable examples. The pros and cons of each technique are also presented.

2017

This article reviews the mechanics of energy harvesting from various mechanical vibrations. Contemporary approach in hand-held electronic gadgets and low power sensors for wireless networks require a continuous or long battery life for uninturupted performance. Hence, there is a need for permanent and compact power supplies for advanced electronic devices. The most important part of the transducer is energy harvester which converts mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. Piezoelectric materials are important for energy conversion from mechanical vibrations. There has been a lot of research work to establish simple, clean and energy-e cient vibration-harvesting devices using piezoelectric materials. These piezoelectric substances are generally classi ed into piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric polymers. This review article discusses various piezoelectric materials and reviews some important device con gurations for piezo-electric energy harvesters.

Energies, 2021

The work presented in this paper studies the potential of cylindrical piezoelectric transducers for harvesting high-frequency acoustic energy. The cylinder was made of a modified PZT (lead zirconate titanate) and had the shape of a squared cylinder with a side length of 4 cm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The study used open-circuit measurements to study the relationship between the sound wavelength and the cylinder size and its effect on the performance of energy harvesting. The cylinder was found to give the best performance at a frequency of 20 kHz. In addition to open-circuit measurements, closed-circuit measurements were performed to demonstrate the ability to dissipate energy harvested from 20 kHz sound waves across an electric load. The load was designed in a series of experimental steps that aimed at optimizing an impedance-matched energy harvester. Finally, the cylinder was tested at the optimized load conditions, and it was possible to harvest and store energy with a power ...

2020

This work deals with research and development of ambient energy harnessing technology from mechanical vibration.To harness mechanical vibration from ambient energy a piezoelectricmaterial is used.To create a vibration, sound is produced from a portable speaker, The sound produced from portable speaker is induced on piezoelectric material ,The frequency of the sound is controlled by laptop by playing a sine wave frequency and it was played at constant volume which was measured by using a microphone, then the series of experiment was conducted on the piezoelectric transducer. To harness the energy from the piezoelectric transducer diode bridge circuit was used, And for measuring the output of the circuit voltmeter was used. The experiment was conducted in five case studies, i.e. by moving the position of a piezoelectric transducer, changing the angle of a piezoelectric transducer, enclosing the setup, changing the area of the enclosure and Connecting two piezoelectric transducers in p...