Psychological Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2008

Background This study provided essential information, about Turkish patients with type I and type II diabetes, concerning: levels of anxiety, coping strategies used, and relationships that exist among anxiety, coping strategies, sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Methods A sample comprising 161 Turkish adults with both types of diabetes participated in the study. The trait anxiety scale, the brief COPE, sociodemographic and medical questionnaire were administered to patients with diabetes. Results The mean age was 49.01 (SD = 9.74), with a range from 20 to 60 years. The majority of the participants were female (60.9%) and type II diabetes (75.8%). 79% of the participants experienced anxiety. A clear majority of the participants reported to integrate their diabetes. Acceptance, religion, planning, positive reframing, instrumental support, emotional support, self-distraction and venting were the most frequently used coping strategies. The most frequently used problem-focused and the emotion-focused coping strategies were found to be similar in both type I and type II diabetes. However, participants with type II diabetes had relatively higher scores on the problem-focused strategies than those with type I. Participants with type I diabetes used humour, venting and self-blame more than those with type II diabetes. Other findings indicated that only a small minority responded to diabetes-related problems by denial, behavioural disengagement and substance use. Significant correlations were found among anxiety, coping strategies and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Moreover, Self-blame was found to be correlated significantly with both the problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Self-blame was also significantly correlated with both instrumental support and emotional support indicated that higher self-blame caused more frequent use of instrumental and emotional support by patients with diabetes. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that care for patients with diabetes should address their physical, psychological, social and economic wellbeing and the findings point to the importance of taking individual coping strategies into account when evaluating the impact of diabetes on psychosocial wellbeing. Because of the mean of anxiety were not in normal range, for this study, health professionals need to pay attention to patient's psychological state. This is especially true for patients who are likely to use self-blame and behavioural disengagement as a coping strategy. Through psychosocial interventions, professionals need to assist patients in establishing positive self evaluations. Delineation of coping strategies might be useful for identifying patients in need of particular counselling and support.

The present study investigated the personality profile and stress between the diabetic patients and normal adults. The sample comprised of 15 diabetic male patients and 15 normal male adults in the age group of 30-45 years. The tools used were Neo Five Factor model personality inventory developed by McCrae & Costa (1) in 1987 and Distressful life events scale by Verma & Asthana (2) in 1990.The results revealed significant differences on the extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness dimensions of personality inventory. Also, the results showed that the diabetic patients had higher level of stress created by life events as compared to normal adults.

World J Diabetes 2014; 5(6): 796-808. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.796

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) need psychological support throughout their life span from the time of diagnosis. The psychological make-up of the patients with DM play a central role in self-management behaviors. Without patient’s adherence to the effective therapies, there would be persistent sub-optimal control of diseases, increase diabetes-related complications, causing deterioration in quality of life, resulting in increased healthcare utilization and burden on healthcare systems. However, provision of psychosocial support is generally inadequate due to its challenging nature of needs and demands on the healthcare systems. This review article examines patient’s psychological aspects in general, elaborates in particular about emotion effects on health, and emotion in relation to other psychological domains such as cognition, self-regulation, self-efficacy and behavior. Some descriptions are also provided on willpower, resilience, illness perception and proactive coping in relating execution of new behaviors, coping with future-oriented thinking and influences of illness perception on health-related behaviors. These psychological aspects are further discussed in relation to DM and interventions for patients with DM. Equipped with the understanding of the pertinent nature of psychology in patients with DM; and knowing the links between the psychological disorders, inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes would hopefully encourages healthcare professionals in giving due attention to the psychological needs of patients with DM.

https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.9_Issue.4_April2019/IJHSR_Abstract.021.html, 2019

Background: Psychological status (Anxiety and depression) in diabetic population have strong negative influence on glycemic control, complications and quality of life. Therefore the aim of the study was to assess the psychological status of patient with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional design was adopted to conduct the study among 121 patients with type 2 DM patients, attending in Endocrinology OPD at Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital (TUTH) Kathmandu, Nepal. The participants were selected purposively and data was collected through interview method, using semi structured questionnaire, along with Nepali version of standard tools, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 16. Results: The study findings revealed that the mild, moderate and severe level of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 28.1%, 22.3% 12.4% and 23.1%, 19.0%, 7.4% respectively.. Regarding association with anxiety, age (p= 0.046), sex (p= 0.003), educational level (p< 001), duration of illness (p= 0.027) and some aspect of family support were found statistically significant. Whereas educational level (p=0.002) and listening to issues were found association with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Based on the current study findings, it can be concluded that mild level of anxiety as well as depression symptoms are high among Diabetic patients which was associated with age, sex, educational level duration of illness, family support, thus awareness programs to prevent severity of anxiety and depression among diabetic patients are suggested considering above mentioned associated factors.

2016

BackgroundAs one of the most common chronic diseases, diabetes and its control are affected by the patients’ psychological and spiritual attributes. The present study investigates the relationship between glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes and personality traits, defense mechanisms and spirituality.MethodThe present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 Iranian patients with type II diabetes, 64% were men. Participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory, the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI) and then underwent a blood sampling for the assessment of HbA1C levels.ResultsOf the five personality traits, extraversion (r = -0.13 and P &lt; 0.01) and conscientiousness (r = -0.13 and P &lt; 0.01) had significant negative relationships with HbA1C HbA1C levels, while neuroticism had a significant positive relationship with HbA1C levels (r = 0.12 and P &lt; 0.05). Of the defense styles assessed, the neurotic style was found...

Background: Strong longitudinal evidence exists that psychological distress is associated with a high morbidity and mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may explain this association. Moreover, the role of personality traits in these associations is still unclear. In this paper, we first describe the design of the psychological part of The Maastricht Study that aims to elucidate these mechanisms. Next, we present exploratory results on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and personality traits in type 2 diabetes. Finally, we briefly discuss the importance of these findings for clinical research and practice. Methods: We measured psychological distress and depression using the MINI diagnostic interview, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires in the first 864 participants of The Maastricht Study, a large, population-based cohort study. Personality traits were measured by the DS14 and Big Five personality questionnaires. Type 2 diabetes was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations of depression, anxiety and personality with type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age, sex and education level. Results: Individuals with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (95 % CI) were 3.15 (1.49; 6.67), 1.73 (0.83-3.60), 1.50 (0.72-3.12), for PHQ-9 ≥ 10, current depressive disorder and GAD-7 ≥ 10, respectively. Type D personality, social inhibition and negative affectivity were more prevalent in type 2 diabetes, odds ratios were 1.95 (1.23-3.10), 1.35 (0.93-1.94) and 1.70 (1.14-2.51), respectively. Individuals with type 2 diabetes were less extraverted, less conscientious, less agreeable and less emotionally stable, and similar in openness to individuals without type 2 diabetes, although effect sizes were small.

Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 2023

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious, progressive, and costly disease that creates many limitations for its patient. Diabetes disrupts a person’s psychological and social adjustment and coping strategies, resulting in psychological complications for the patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the role of personality traits in predicting resilience and coping strategies of patients with type 2 diabetes living in Bushehr City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients with diabetes who were referred to healthcare centers in Bushehr. They were selected through the convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 60-item Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory, and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. In addition, descriptive statistics and linear regression tests were employed to interpret the data. Results: About 60.8% of the participants were female, and more than 90% were married and lived in urban areas. Based on the study’s results, there is a significant positive association between neuroticism and emotion-oriented (B=2.68, 95% CI; -0.666 to 4.701, P=0.01) and avoidance (B=2.60, 95% CI; -0.961 to 4.248, P=0.002) coping strategies. The results illustrated that neuroticism predicted resilience in patients with type 2 diabetes (B=-6.186, 95% CI; -11.632 to -0.741, P=0.026;), and the model predicted 9% of resilience (Adjusted R2=0.096). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, most patients with type 2 diabetes had neuroticism, which could decrease their resilience. Therefore, due to the increasing trend of diabetic patients in Iran, and considering the etiological factors, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological and personality components of these patients to know and adapt more to their physical and mental conditions.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2011

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 2014

Background and aims: The theory regarding the psychological factors as etiologic agents that trigger the somatic diseases has gained more and more ground in the past few years, successfully repeating that the human being is a bio-psycho-social entity. In order to render the psychological interventions more efficient in the management of the psychosomatic diseases, this research aims to detect and modify, even treat throught psychological interventions those configurations of the early maladaptive schemes and coping styles that stick form together in the so-called acquired vulnerability which makes the person liable to an inappropriate reaction against stress, and also to track the effects of these changes on somatic indicators of diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired T-test were used for analysing subjects` responses at three psychological instruments, evolution of blood pressure, body mass index, drug units, hospitalisation days, medical l...

Stress and Health, 2012

The study examines internal item/scale structure and concurrent validity of a newly developed 48-item questionnaire [General Coping Questionnaire (GCQ)] that measures 10 aspects of coping with chronic illness (self-trust, problem-reducing actions, change of values, social trust, minimization, fatalism, resignation, protest, isolation and intrusion). The tests were performed in two independent samples of persons with diabetes mellitus. The first sample consisted of 119 subjects with type I diabetes and the second sample of 184 subjects with type II diabetes. Concurrent validity was examined by comparisons with measures of health-related quality of life (SF-36), a measure of metabolic control (HbA1c) and incidence of diabetic complications. The item/scale structure was found to be similar and very good in both samples. The 10 dimensions correlated as expected with the measure of mental health, although the 'negative' dimensions of the GCQ correlated higher compared with the 'positive' dimensions. Weaker relations with metabolic control were also found in one of the samples. These tests provide further evidence that GCQ is a well-structured, relevant and reliable instrument for assessing coping reactions in chronic somatic conditions.