Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases in Paediatric Age Group

2021

Results: Out of the total 2698 patients, there were 1374 (50.93%) females. The total number of acyanotic congenital heart disease was 1919 (71.13%), and that of cyanotic was 779 (28.87%). Male to female ratio among acyanotic and cyanotic were 0.85:1 and 1.31:1 respectively. Among all CHDs, atrial septal defect (ASD) (38.13%) followed by ventricular septal defect (VSD) (21.68%) and atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) (5.04%) respectively were the commonest acyanotic heart lesions. Considering only the pediatric population (age 0-18 years), the commonest was VSD (27.06%) followed by ASD (22.3%) respectively. The commonest cyanotic was tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (14.15%) followed by double outlet right ventricle (DORV) (4.44%) and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) (2.89%) respectively. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center (SGNHC), Kathmandu, over a period of five years, f...

EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a persistent, progressive disease that impairs the heart's capacity to pump blood. CHF is the stage in which fluid builds up inside the heart and allows it to move inefficiently. It is also referred to literally as "heart failure." An identification of CHD screening is critical; echocardiography is a non-invasive procedure, and advanced twodimensional echocardiography techniques provide a systematic means to determine nearly all forms of CHD seen in both adults and infants. Objective: The aim of this research is to classify the most common congenital heart defects in children under the age of two who are referred to echocardiography, as well as to confirm the existence of disease on echocardiography at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. Methods: Using Performa, a descriptive-observational analysis was performed at the Department of Cardiology, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, and Gujrat from November 2020-Febury2021. Results: Data of 120 children was evaluated. There were 60% males (n=72) and 40% females (n=48). Informed consent was obtained from each patient before inclusion in the study. Echocardiography data was collected on a predesigned Performa. Out of 120 referred children (neonates: 29.9%, less than 1 year: 50.2%, greater than 1 year: 19.9%) 93% were diagnosed as having congenital heart defects. Conclusion: Fallot teratology is the most popular cyanotic defect and VSD acyanotic defect. Early diagnosis of congenital heart abnormalities is important for careful treatment and the prevention of complications. The gold norm for diagnosis is a 2D-echo with Doppler test.

Clinical Cardiology, 2004

Background: The number of patients with congenital cardiac disease reaching adulthood is increasing steadily. Many adults with such disease face both medical and surgical difficulties.Hypothesis: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the frequency and outcome of congenital heart disease (CHD) in unoperated adults.Methods: The charts of all patients with unoperated CHD, who were admitted to a tertiary care center in Beirut, Lebanon, between 1980 and 2000 were reviewed. Of these, 206 patients (52% men, age at admittance 18–71 years [32.8 ± 13.3 years]) with a diagnosis of CHD were evaluated. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the most common cardiac malformation with a relative frequency of 53%, followed by ventricular septal defects (11%), tetralogy of Fallot (11%), aortic anomalies (7%), pulmonary stenosis (6%), and Ebstein anomaly (4%). Most patients were symptomatic upon presentation, with dyspnea on exertion being the most common presenting symptom. Twenty-seven patients (13%) had cyanotic CHD. Of 179 acyanotic patients, 113 (63%), and 17 of 27 cyanotic patients (63%) underwent surgical intervention. In-hospital surgical complications for the acyanotic group included cerebrovascu-lar accident (2%) and heart block (1%). Total surgical mortality was 4 of 130 (3%). One patient with tetralogy of Fallot presented with endocarditis and died.Conclusion: Atrial septal defect is the most common defect reported in our experience; however, it occurs more frequently than that reported in the literature. Although most patients were symptomatic on presentation, their functional status was stable. Accordingly, their hospital course, whether managed medically or surgically, held a relatively low complication rate. This could be attributed to the uncomplicated nature of pathologies in our series. The surgical mortality and in-hospital complications were slighter higher than those reported for similar lesions if repaired during childhood. This study reflects the relative frequency of various cardiac malformations in selected patients with “grown up” congenital heart disease (GUCH) and their natural survival pattern.

International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 2016

Introduction-In developing countries congenital heart diseases (CHDs) causes deaths of thousands of children. A study is necessary to understand incidence and clinical spectrum of CHDs so that early diagnosis and intervention can be done. Material and Methods-Newborns and children up to the age of 14 years attending pediatric OPD as well as admitted in ward with CHDs enrolled for study. Data were analyzed using SPSS system version 21. Results-A total of 400 children with CHDs included for final analysis. Male to Female ratio is 1.78:1. Most common CHDs was Ventricular septal defect followed by Tetralogy of fallot. Major symptoms were cough, difficulty in breathing, poor weight gain and suck rest suck cycle. Maternal risk factors found were consanguinity, maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension, maternal seizure disorder, maternal obesity, systematic lupus erythematosus etc. Conclusion-VSD is most common acyanotic CHD. Males are more affected with CHDs. Consanguinity and Maternal Diabetes are important risk factors for CHDs.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2020

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the common congenital lesions and the most common cause of heart disease in children. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of CHD in India is 15% of all the cardiovascular disease. Objective: To know the spectrum of congenital heart disease in a hospital set up. Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out over a period of 16 months (Jan 2018-April 2019). All children below 14 years of age who were admitted with CHD confirmed by echocardiographic study were included in the study. Detailed history was collected. The age, sex, clinical presentation and echocardiographic findings were documented in a predesigned proforma. Results: The total number CHD diagnosed were 113 and were more common among males (59.3%). The commonest type of acyanotic CHD in our study was atrial septal defect (ASD) (31.8%) and cyanotic CHD was tetralogy of Fallot (7.9%). The major clinical findings were the detection of tachpnoea (54.2%) followed by murmur(38.4%) , tachycardia (33.9%). Conclusions: Most CHD were diagnosed in infancy with tachypnea being the most common presentation with 73.5% of CHD were acyanotic CHD.

Journal of Postgraduate Medical …, 2011

covering almost seven years and six months. Records of patient aged twelve and below and labeled as congenital heart disease were analyzed on SPSS windows version 10.

Archives of Pediatrics and Neonatology

The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of congenital heart defect in infants and young children in limited resources country. Method: A descriptive-observational study was carried out at cardiology department over the period of four months from September to December 2016. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma containing information regarding name, gender, age, weight and associated malformations. Results: Out of 1266 referred patients for echocardiography, congenital heart defects were detected in 93% .There were 64.7% (n=820) males and 35.3% (n=446) females. 83% of the children had acyanotic heart defects and 17% children had cyanotic heart defects. Most frequent acyanotic and cyanotic heart defects were Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 32.8% and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 5.9% respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence regarding congenital heart defectdetected more acyanotic than cyanotic heart diseases. Ventricular septal defect found to be the commonest in acyanotic lesion and Tetralogy of Fallot the commonest cyanotic heart defect.

2019

Background and Objectives: Congenital heart disease is primarily an abnormal anatomical structure characterized by the formation disorder or abnormal development of the heart and macrovessels during embryonic development, or the failure to close the channels that should be automatically closed after birth (it is normal in the fetus). To study the clinical analysis of congenital heart disease in children. Methods: 157cases of congenital heart disease in our hospital from January 2015 to 2018 were selected as the observation objects. All the test indexes of the children met the diagnostic criteria. Results: If untreated it not only affects the circulation function but also causes the growth and development retardation. Heart failure, arrhythmia could be found. Moreover, Pulmonary hypertension infective endocarditis was found. Screening is an effective tool for preventing the incidence rate. Conclusion: An early diagnosis will lead to appropriate treatment and management.

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

covering almost seven years and six months. Records of patient aged twelve and below and labeled as congenital heart disease were analyzed on SPSS windows version 10. Out of 3072 patients with CHD, 83.7% were acyanotic heart diseases. Ventricular septal defect was present in 1248 patients (40.6%), atrial septal defects (ASD) were 493 (16%) comprising of ASD secundum in 397 (12.9%) and ASD primum in 96 (3.1%) patients. PDA was present in 394 patients (12.8%). A total of 473 patients (15.4%) had the tetrology of Fallot and 236 patients (7.7%) had pulmonic stenosis. Complex congenital heart diseases were present in 198 (6.4%) patients and coarctation of aorta was found in 0.9%. Majority of the congenital cardiac anomalies in patients less than 12 years of age are acyanotic. VSD and ASD are the major acyanotic and TOF is the major cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: International Child Health, 2001

There were 351 boys and 389 girls (M:F ratio 0.9:1). Newborns accounted for 24% of cases and 53% of cases were detected in the 1st year of life. Ventricular septal defect was the commonest anomaly (39.5%), followed in descending order of frequency by atrial septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus. In general, the distribution of lesions was similar to that reported elsewhere in the world but there were fewer obstructive aortic lesions and transposition of the great arteries was rarer than in most other reports. The incidence of CHD showed no seasonal variation and Down syndrome was the commonest associated cause.