Index modulation for 5G networks

OFDM is the modulation scheme, widely employed in the current 4G LTE systems. With high spectral efficiency, immunity to external noise disturbances and low intersymbol interference, it has completely revolutionised the way the world communicates today. However with our never ending demand of increased data consumption and the upcoming IoT-Internet of things, Multiple Machine Time Communications where data is expected to grow at an exponentially sporadic rate-operating in closed synchronised networks of an LTE system leads to a painful signalling overhead, besides the usual drainage of battery. Hence, we have discussed some potential candidates for the next generation 5G spectrum.

The next generation wireless communications systems need to be of a higher standard in order to provide the customers with the multitude of high quality services they demand. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technique for achieving high data rates and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems OFDM is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. The purpose of this paper is to implement the basic processing involved in the transmission and reception of an OFDM technique. The implementation of OFDM is done in MATLAB.

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2014

ifth-generation (5G) cellular communications promise to deliver the gigabit experience to mobile users, with a capacity increase of up to three orders of magnitude with respect to current long-term evolution (LTE) systems. There is widespread agreement that such an ambitious goal will be realized through a combination of innovative techniques involving different network layers. At the physical layer, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation format, along with its multiple-access strategy orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), is not taken for granted, and several alternatives promising larger values of spectral efficiency are being considered. This article provides a review of some modulation formats suited for 5G, enriched by a comparative analysis of their performance in a cellular environment, and by a discussion on their interactions with specific 5G ingredients. The interaction with a massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system is also discussed by employing real channel measurements.

2018

In the research study proposed in this Ph.D Thesis, we consider Index Modulation as a novel tool to enhance energy and spectral efficiencies for upcoming 5G networks, including wireless sensor networks and internet of things. In this vein, spatial modulation was proposed to enhance the capacity of wireless systems to partially achieve the capacity of MIMO systems but at lower cost, making it a technique that has attracted significant attention over the past few years. As such, SM schemes have been regarded as possible candidates for spectrum- and energy-efficient next generation MIMO systems. However, the implementation of the SM is also challenging because of its heavy dependence on channel characteristics, channel correlation, corrupted CSI and the need to have adequate spacing between antennas. Moreover, the SM requires multiple antennas at the transmitter which adds cost to the hardware implementation. In addition, the number of mapped bits in SM is limited by the physical size ...

ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT)

The 5G wireless access technology will supersede its predecessor, 4G, in the current decade, at first coexisting with it and later as a standalone technology. This work examines and compares the performance of the following orthogonal multicarrier schemes: Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM), Windowed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (W-OFDM), Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC). The system architecture of each scheme is investigated while considering the performance in fading channel models. The simulation was performed using a standard set of parameters, and the performance was appraised based on Power Spectral Density (PSD), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of PAPR, Bit Error Rate (BER), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). In addition, a comprehensive analysis is presented concerning ...

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks face various challenges in order to support large-scale heterogeneous traffic and users, therefore new modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing demands. As this research space is ever increasing, it becomes more important to analyze the various approaches, therefore, in this paper we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising modulation and MA schemes for 5G networks. Unlike other surreys of 5G networks, this paper focuses on multiplexing techniques, including modulation techniques in orthogonal MA (OMA) and various types of non-OMA (NOMA) techniques. Specifically, we first introduce different types of modulation schemes, potential for OMA, and compare their performance in terms of spectral efficiency, out-of-band leakage, and bit-error rate. We then pay close attention to various types of NOMA candidates, including power-domain NOMA, code-domain NOMA, and NOMA multiplexing in multiple domains. From this exploration, we can identify the opportunities and challenges that will have the most significant impacts on modulation and MA designs for 5G networks.

Physical Communication, 2018

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (OFDM-IM), which has been recently proposed as an alternative waveform to classical OFDM, generally achieves lower bit error rate compared to classical OFDM because it is more robust to bit errors by encoding the information in the location of the active subcarriers instead of only modulating the subcarriers. In this paper, we propose a higher-performance OFDM-IM scheme. The proposed system is more reliable than OFDM-IM, particularly for channels that have deep fading. The proposed system uses generalized prefix (GP) as a guard interval and this GP provides additional degrees of freedom, which can be optimized. Comprehensive computer simulation results are included to demonstrate the significant performance improvement for different channel models, such as deep Rayleigh fading and realistic channels with high mobility.

The fifth generation mobile communication will be deployed in many countries by 2020 which aims to furnish a real wireless world free from present obstacles in communication system which is a great motivating factor for all the researchers, academicians and engineers. The new technologies are being investigated that provide high speed, capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, pseudo outdoor communication, etc. that solves the existing problems in mobile communication system. This paper aims to highlight the aspects of Multicarrier modulation scheme which is popular with Fifth Generation (5G) with Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC) modulation scheme. OFDM is an incredible Multiple Access Modulation strategy adopted in Fourth Generation (4G) communication system even though it is not exempt of defects. OFDM suffers from the difficulty of Side band leakage. To overcome this, FBMC modulation scheme is used. This paper gives an overview of dominant metrics like Power Spectral Density (PSD), Bit Error Rate (BER) of forthcoming Cellular Communication System's modulation scheme. The simulation results of FBMC under perfect channel assumption gives BER values of 0.010213, 0.009945 for K=3, 4 respectively at a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 5dB. It is also observed that the effect of Rayleigh and Rician channels in FBMC give BER values of 0.49988, 0.5081 and 0.15615, 0.12549 for K=3, 4 respectively. From the simulation results it is observed that, FBMC outperforms the most popularity gained by 4G modulation technique.

European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2022

Higher data rates, higher mobility, lower latency, and better quality of service are the prime requirements for future communication systems. It is expected to provide connectivity to the Internet of everything, time-sensitive/time-engineered application, and service to high-fidelity holographic society. Its performance in terms of data rate, latency, synchronization, security, and reliability will be much better compared to 4G and 5G mobile communication systems. This paper investigates the performance of the pulse shaping-based filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation technique used in 5G mobile communication systems. Simulation results show that the FBMC system has a better performance compared to the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in terms of many parameters such as achievable channel capacity, signal to noise ratio, time, and frequency response, out of band leakage, etc.

Algorithms and Implementations, 2016

Motivation and Background Historically, the evolution of wireless cellular systems has been fueled by the need for increased throughput. Indeed, the need for larger data-rates has been the main driver of the path that has led us from 2G systems 1 to 4G systems, with data-rates evolving from tens of kbit/s up to the current state-of-the-art tens of Mbit/s. Focusing on the physical (PHY) layer, and in particular on the adopted modulation schemes, the transition has been from 1 Indeed analog 1G cellular systems had no data transmission capability; they just offered voice services.

2015 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2015

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique has been considered for the 4G LTE-Advanced system because of its high performance and low complexity. In the new 5G scenario this type of modulation is not properly suited because of the additional requirements for very high spectral efficiency, low latency and low out-of-band (OOB) emissions. Thus, new waveforms have been chosen to replace it and effectively deal with these problems. Particularly, recently proposed multicarrier techniques as the Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) and the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) modulations are two of the main candidates techniques for the new 5G standard. As for classical OFDM technique, the channel estimation is a crucial functionality for the all multicarrier approaches. In this paper we generalize a recently proposed method for the computation of the MSE on the time-frequency domain for pilot based channel estimation techniques in multicarrier system. This method permits to determine the most suitable channel estimation algorithm for a given wireless channel as well as to define the suitable pilot density in order to afford a target MSE value for a given SNR level. Hence, in this paper a general design tool for multicarrier systems is proposed.

International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 2021

In the present work, we propose a novel modulation scheme for 5G wireless communication system. Our contribution is to combine PM-OFDM (Phase Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) to exploit their distinctive advantages. On the one hand, PM-OFDM is an effective technique to combat multipath fading effects. On the other hand, CDMA can serve multiple users who are using the same resources of time/frequency. The aim is to make a combination of PM-OFDM and CDMA techniques. In this paper, the OFDM-CDMA scheme and its PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) statistics are reviewed. In this paper, the proposed scheme PM-OFDM-CDMA is described and its performances in terms of PAPR, power spectral density, and BER (Bit Error Rate) are analyzed. Moreover, MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) equalizer is used to avoid multipath and noise effects simultaneously. The simulation through AWGN (Additive white Gaussian noise) and Rayleigh channels is...

Sensors, 2019

Single-sideband (SSB) modulation through Hilbert transformation has successfully transmitted data using only half the bandwidth of the traditional scheme for the same amount of contained information. Toward this end, the four single-sideband (4-SSB) approach for high order modulation is a promising approach for the next-generation communications by applying soft-input soft-output (SISO) equalizer algorithms over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, OFDM is challenging for realizing the feasible 5G communications, compared to the emerging techniques, e.g., non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), orthogonal multiple access (OMA) or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Since the 4-SSB is an orthogonal modulation which was successfully applied over the traditional OFDM, in this article, we propose a novel 4-SSB modulation scheme over OFDM Guard Interval (GI) and massive MIMO. Besides the carrier signal, from the receiver side, we also apply the shadow equalizer a...

Sameer Shahid, 2019

Communication plays a vital role in our lives, it is impossible to think life without it. it is the basic process of exchanging information or transferring data from one place to another. So, it is very important for us to understand the technology behind it which has made our lives so simple and fast. This paper is about the di erent types of modulation schemes like AM, FM, PM, PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM etc used in the communication system and their importance.

Sensors

Computational complexity is one of the drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-index modulation (IM) systems. In this study, a novel IM technique is proposed for OFDM systems by considering the null subcarrier locations (NSC-OFDM-IM) within a predetermined group in the frequency domain. So far, a variety of index modulation techniques have been proposed for OFDM systems. However, they are almost always based on modulating the active subcarrier indices. We propose a novel index modulation technique by employing the part of the transmitted bit group into the null subcarrier location index within the predefined size of the subgroup. The novelty comes from modulating null subcarriers rather than actives and reducing the computational complexity of the index selection and index detection algorithms at the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The proposed method is physically straightforward and easy to implement owing to the size of the subgroups, which is defin...