The class of the new

2006

Funds, for the programming period 2007-2013 Contract n ° 2005 CE.16.0.AT.015

To everybody that I have not mentioned above, your technical support and contribution were a blessing and God will bless you abundantly.

In this advanced technological era, lightweight design for fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness is essential for both conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), without sacrificing the durability which is an important design factor for vehicle safety. To achieve these objectives, reduction of the structural mass of the full vehicle plays a vital role. The scope of this paper is to describe design methodologies for the vehicle differential case applied to achieve light weight and to ensure product life. The focus of this paper includes two tasks. The topology optimization and fatigue analysis of a vehicle differential case are conducted. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the stress with constraint. After that, optimization parameters (design variables, responses, objective functions and constraints) of a vehicle differential case are selected for lightweight design by solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP) method. The optimization results revealed that the SIMP method successfully achieved 25% mass reduction of vehicle differential case. Furthermore, the second task is the fatigue analysis which is usually used during the design phase to predict the future failure of components. The fatigue lives and damages of two lightweight cases obtained from topology optimization were analyzed and compared. Our proposed research methodology is expected to be useful in reducing mass and prolonging product life.

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Effect of adding natural pozzolana on geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soil, 2016

a b s t r a c t Clayey soils in Syria cover a total area of more than 20,000 km2 of the country, most of which are located in the southwestern region. In many places of the country, the clayey soils caused severe damage to infrastructures. Extensive studies have been carried out on the stabilization of clayey soils using lime. Syria is rich in both lime and natural pozzolana. However, few works have been conducted to investigate the influence of adding natural pozzolana on the geotechnical properties of lime-treated clayey soils. The aim of this paper is to understand the effect of adding natural pozzolana on some geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soils. Natural pozzolana and lime are added to soil within the range of 0%e20% and 0%e8%, respectively. Consistency, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and linear shrinkage properties are particularly investigated. The test results show that the investigated properties of limetreated clayey soils can be considerably enhanced when the natural pozzolana is added as a stabilizing agent. Analysis results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) show significant changes in the microstructure of the treated clayey soil. A better flocculation of clayey particles and further formation of cementing materials in the natural pozzolanalime- treated clayey soil are clearly observed.
2016 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

2016

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2016

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International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1966

BASEL (Schweiz) S. KARGER NEW YORK All rights, including that of translation into foreign languages, reserved. Photomechanic reproduction (photocopy, microcopy) of this book or part of it without special permission of the publishers is prohibited ©

2015

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