Cost Reduction Through SLA-driven Self-Management

2012

Cloud computing is a paradigm for enabling remote, on-demand access to a set of configurable computing resources as a service. The pay-per-use model enables service providers to offer their services to customers in different Quality-of-Service (QoS) levels. Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a negotiated agreement between a service provider and a customer where QoS parameters specify the quality level of service that the service provider have to guarantee. However, due to the dynamic nature of the Cloud and its instability, some SLA violations can occurred and the service providers can be charged for penalties. In this paper, we aim at addressing the Cloud instability to better control SLA management (in particular SLA violations) and indirectly the Cloud elasticity. We propose CSLA, a new SLA language directly integrating some features dealing with QoS uncertainty and Cloud fluctuation. In our evaluation, we present a novel profit model for service provider and new algorithms (for admission control and scheduling) to meet SLA requirements (e.g. prevent SLA violations) while tackling scalability and dynamic issues.

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal

Cloud computing is a technical "as-a-service" usage model utilizing virtualization. Virtual machines are the core of cloud computing that runs as independent machine grouped into different networks within the hypervisor. Practically done by deployment of clouds computing hosts enterprise servers in virtual machines on an array of high-end servers. Managing cloud resources has to do with controlling and limiting access to the pool of available resources. This brings about the conception of an agreement between the resource services cloud providers and the customers otherwise known as Service Level Agreement, in other to restrict access to provisioned resources. Resource provisioning is a flexible on-demand pay-as-you-go package that is negotiated; and signed based on SLAs between customers and cloud providers. SLAs enable cloud providers to evade costly SLA consequences payable when there are violations, optimizing the performance of customers' applications and professionally manage resources to reduce cost. These documents are the agreements called Service Level Agreements (SLAs). SLAs outline the expectations which are: terms, conditions, and services of the clients from their service providers regarding availability, redundancy, uptime, cost, and penalties in cases of violations. These ensure clients' confidence in the services offered. Managing resource is an ongoing major issue in cloud computing. Considering the limitation of resources, it poses a challenge for cloud service providers to make provision for all resources as needed. This paper seeks a solution to problems that relates to the present trends and developments of what cloud Service Level Agreements are and it ensures so by reviewing current literature. Thus, this research is a study of cloud Service Level Agreements, cloud resource management and their challenges. This paper has made provision to act as guidance for future research and it is anticipated to be beneficiary to potential cloud end users and cloud service providers.

6th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), 2012

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014

Managing Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in cloud computing in a dynamic manner becomes a critical issue for cloud service providers. This is due to the emerging technology and the frequent and continuous change in cloud service requirements and techniques over the time. Current cloud SLAs management methods are rigorous in terms of SLA updation to incorporate new changes. Since updating any SLA, to meet any required change in cloud requirements and techniques, requires reformulation and remapping to all available SLAs (called public SLAs). This paper proposed a mechanism to dynamically manage cloud computing SLAs based on Real Options Analysis (ROA) concept. The proposed model maps the required changes to all public SLAs and sorts out the most related or suitable SLAs (solutions) based on options theory while recording the other solutions for any future change according to emerging circumstances. The technique incorporates any new change dynamically; by mapping it to a limited number of SLAs (recorded solutions) based on various options presented by ROA. The framework presented in this paper would provide a flexible solution in managing cloud SLAs in both cloud provider and the user's perspectives.

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

Cloud Computing is a cutting edge technology in market now a days. In Cloud Computing environment the customer should pay bills to use computing resources. Resource allocation is a primary task in a cloud environment. Significance of resources allocation and availability increase many fold because income of the cloud depends on how efficiently it provides the rented services to the clients. SLA (Service Level Agreement) is signed between the cloud Services Provider and the Cloud Services Consumer to maintain stipulated QoS (Quality of Service). It is noted that SLAs are violated due to several reasons. These may include system malfunctions and change in workload conditions. Elastic and adaptive approaches are required to prevent SLA violations. We propose an application level monitoring novel scheme to prevent SLA violations. It is based on elastic and scalable characteristics. It is easy to deploy and use. It focuses on application level monitoring.

2013

Reducing IT costs by using Cloud Computing is tempting for start up companies. To attract companies to outsource their services to Clouds, Cloud provider need to offer Service Level Objectives specified in SLAs individually for their customers. Cloud provider like Amazon can not afford to negotiate individual SLAs manually. Therefore, it becomes important to develop a format for machine-readable SLAs which can easily adapt to the individual Service Level Objectives requested by the customer any time. Because of its adaptability at run time by each individual customer on demand, this comply with the characteristics of Cloud Computing and to satisfies the customer's requirements to be flexible. This paper describes an adaptable Service Level Objective Agreement (A-SLO-A) format being machine-processed to offer the possibility to integrate the SLA management into the highly automated processes of resource provisioning. Use cases show its applicability.

2009

Abstract. Cloud computing that provides cheap and pay-as-you-go computing resources is rapidly gaining momentum as an alternative to traditional IT Infrastructure. As more and more consumers delegate their tasks to cloud providers, Service Level Agreements (SLA) between consumers and providers emerge as a key aspect. Due to the dynamic nature of the cloud, continuous monitoring on Quality of Service (QoS) attributes is necessary to enforce SLAs.

eChallenges e-2010 Conference, 2010

Current Service Level Management solutions for distributed e-Business infrastructures are designed to work in specific domains and are bound to particular languages and protocols. With the transition to Cloud-like environments, it became evident that migrating such solutions from the Grid domain is not a trivial endeavor. Although the various distributed systems concepts may share similar technological foundations, the business and usage models differ significantly. Everything-as-a-Service is replacing the Everything-is-a-Resource paradigm, requiring a different view on Service Level Management. This paper proposes a novel approach that suggests a dynamic solution featuring function-replacement at run-time in order to efficiently and effectively accommodate the different needs and requirements of service providers and consumers. Furthermore, we envisage that the concept of plug-ins for Service Level Management will create a new market for trading pluggable service functionality, mos...

IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 2017

Cloud computing has recently emerged as an important service to manage applications efficiently over the Internet. Various 5 cloud providers offer pay per use cloud services that requires Quality of Service (QoS) management to efficiently monitor and measure 6 the delivered services through Internet of Things (IoT) and thus needs to follow Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However, providing 7 dedicated cloud services that ensure user's dynamic QoS requirements by avoiding SLA violations is a big challenge in cloud 8 computing. As dynamism, heterogeneity and complexity of cloud environment is increasing rapidly, it makes cloud systems insecure 9 and unmanageable. To overcome these problems, cloud systems require self-management of services. Therefore, there is a need to 10 develop a resource management technique that automatically manages QoS requirements of cloud users thus helping the cloud 11 providers in achieving the SLAs and avoiding SLA violations. In this paper, we present SLA-aware autonomic resource management 12 technique called STAR which mainly focuses on reducing SLA violation rate for the efficient delivery of cloud services. The 13 performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated through cloud environment. The experimental results demonstrate that 14 STAR is efficient in reducing SLA violation rate and in optimizing other QoS parameters which effect efficient cloud service delivery. 15 Index Terms-Autonomic cloud, resource provisioning, cloud computing, resource scheduling, quality of service, service level agreement Ç 16 1 INTRODUCTION 17 C LOUDS offer three types of services such as Infrastructure-18 as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Soft-19 ware-as-a-Service (SaaS) and therefore it requires manage-20 ment of Quality of Service (QoS) to efficiently monitor and 21 measure the delivered services to meet Service Level 22 Agreements (SLAs). In Cloud environment, uncertainty and 23 dispersion of resources encounters problems in efficient 24 management of resources, which is caused due to many 25 reasons [1], [2] such as: i) heterogeneity (due to different 26 type of resources and scheduling techniques), ii) dyna-27 mism (detect and fulfill the requirements of application at 28 runtime) and iii) failures (failure of system or resources 29 which leads to performance degradation). However, pres-30 ent cloud computing systems and management techniques 31 are unable to handle above mentioned problems efficiently 32 at runtime. An autonomic system provides a solution to 33 this problem by offering the environment in which appli-34 cations can be managed efficiently by fulfilling QoS 35 requirements of applications without human involvement. 36 Thus, autonomic cloud system becomes self-managed to 37 overcome the above challenges and to provide reliable, 38 secure and cost efficient services to end users.

2006

Abstract This work considers the problem of hosting multiple third-party Internet services in a cost-effective manner so as to maximize a provider's business objective. For this purpose, we present a dynamic capacity management framework based on an optimization model, which links a cost model based on SLA contracts with an analytical queuing-based performance model, in an attempt to adapt the platform to changing capacity needs in real time.