Peracetic Acid Pulp from Annual Plants

Materials

Because there is a lack of wood resources in many countries, this work focused on pulp and paper production from the waste and agricultural residues of non-wood plants. The work aimed to pulp the nitrate-alkaline of black mustard (Brassica Nigra L.) and camelina (Camelina Sativa L.). The black mustard and the camelina were selected due to the expanding planted areas of these crops in the Czech Republic. To characterize the chemical composition of black mustard and camelina, cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractives were determined. Raw alpha-cellulose, beta-cellulose, and gamma-cellulose were also measured. The results showed that the content of lignin in non-wood plants is lower than that in softwoods. The cooked pulp was characterized by the delignification degree–Kappa number. Additionally, handsheet papers were made for selected samples of pulp. The handsheet papers were characterized by tensile index, breaking length, and smoothness and compared with commonly available papers.

Wood Science and Technology, 1979

This paper aimed to investigate the reasons for improved properties of bamboo alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP), such as relatively high brightness and low post-colour number, by alkali hydrogen peroxide pre-extraction (AHPP) treatment. It was found that AHPP could affect the dissolution of 1% sodium hydroxide extractives, benzene-ethanol extractives, and acid-soluble lignin. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C-NMR) illustrated that carboxyl, syringyl, guaiacyl, acetyl, and methoxyl groups of the milled wood lignin (MWL) in bamboo were degraded slightly after AHPP treatment. However, some lignin-like structures, the links of α-O-4, β-O-4, and some carbohydrates such as xylan, α-glucose, β-glucose, α-mannose, and β-mannose in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were degraded noticeably. The analysis of UV spectrophotometry indicated that AHPP treatment was conductive to the degradation of some chromophores in MWL. The degradation of MWL and LCC under simulated AHPP conditions showed consistency with the above results.

Bioresource Technology, 2005

Arundo donax L. (or giant reed), a plant with annual harvesting period and high biomass productivity, is a promising non-wood fibre crop for pulp and paper production. The presented data of chemical, anatomical and morphological studies of Arundo donax, given from the viewpoint of raw material characterization, allow prediction of the potential of this crop for fibre production. The correlation between biometric data of fibres of Arundo donax and papermaking properties of pulps produced is discussed.

Bioresources, 2010

Sugarcane bagasse was delignified with alkali and peracetic acid in a two-stage process to obtain pulps with high yield and low kappa number. The experimental results indicated that alkali pretreatment prior to peracetic acid (PAA) delignification could significantly reduce PAA loading by partially removing lignin and swelling the fibers. An optimum condition for the two-stage delignification was obtained for pulping of sugarcane bagasse. The pulps were further characterized by chemical composition analysis, strength property tests, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). It was found that the alkali-PAA process could be conducted under milder conditions with resulting higher pulping selectivity, higher degree of polymerization (DP), and superior mechanical properties of pulps, compared to the kraft pulping process. Both kraft pulps and alkali-PAA pulp had similar FTIR spectra, XRD spectra, and TGA (DTG) curves. However, further analysis indicated that the alkali-PAA pulp had higher infrared crystallization index and cellulose crystallinity.

Wood research

Peracetic acid protects cellulose of softwood pulp from degradation in ozone bleaching process. There is a lack of information dealing with the protective effect of peracetic acid in broad-leaved fibres bleaching process. The present paper is aimed at quantifying the protecting effect of peracetic acid on cellulose at ozone bleaching of kraft pulp of Fagus sylvatica. The performance of the reagent was analyzed through the selectivity and efficiency of the process and the change of the cellulose chain scission number. The 10% addition of peracetic acid on oven dry pulp increased the efficiency of bleaching up to 80% in comparison to conventional ozone stage. The efficiency of lignin removal increased by using the peracetic acid up to 30%. Protecting effect of peracetic acid was improved also based on the fact that chain number scission decreased up to 23%.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011

A two-stage process for delignification of sugarcane bagasse with alkali and peracetic acid (PAA) to produce of pulp, ethanol and lignin products was reported. By this process, sugarcane bagasse can be converted to high-quality pulp, ethanol and lignin products under mild conditions. The obtained pulp had higher brightness and superior strength properties than corresponding kraft pulp. The pulp was also very easy to digest by cellulase, and well suitable for simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) to produce ethanol. The obtained lignins were characterized by several chemical and instrumental analyses. It was found that PAA lignin had higher oxygen content and lower molecular weight. This process is environment-friendly because no sulfur and chlorine were introduced and less wastewater was let. It also can be easily fulfilled by improving a conventional pulping mill based on the existing equipments.

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2003

The surface chemistry and morphology of spruce (Picea abies) mechanical pulps have been investigated by Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). As determined by ESCA, the content of lignin was slightly higher on the pulp surface than in the whole pulp. The surface coverage by lignin remained approximately the same after peroxide and dithionite bleaching, whereas on the ozone treated pressure groundwood (PGW) pulp the amount of lignin was strongly reduced. The AFM studies showed that the surfaces of mechanical pulp fibres are very heterogeneous, i.e. different cell wall layers are exposed along the fibre surface. It was found that the surfaces of unbleached PGW and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres consist of both granular and fibrillar structures, whereas the surfaces of unbleached chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) fibres are almost fully covered by granular material. This granular layer, which is interpreted to originate from the middle lamella and the primary wall, was removed from the CTMP fibre surface after peroxide bleaching, exposing the underlying structure. However, the surface coverage by lignin determined by ESCA was not reduced. This suggests that peroxide bleaching of sulphonated CTMP pulp in some way modifies the lignin and pectin rich surface and that lignin occurs also in a non-granular form on the surface of mechanical pulps. Peroxide or dithionite bleaching had no effect on the morphology of PGW and TMP fibres. The highest amounts of extractives were found on unwashed and unbleached TMP pulp. It turned out that only part of the extractives was removed from the surface by alkaline treatment and by peroxide bleaching.

Research on Chemical Intermediates, 1995

Abstraet-The molar mass distributions and yields of soluble lignin degradation products formed during the alkaline hydrogen peroxide brightening of spruee mechanieal pulp have been determined. These distributions depend on pH, the extent to which the pulp was subjected to solvent extractions, H202 concentration and reaction time. At and below pH 11, there is an excellent eorrelation between the brightness and b' values on pulp and the amounts of residual peroxide and lignin derived produets in solution. Brightening reactions lead primarily to products with intermediate molecular mass values between 1500 and 6000. During multistage brightening, the products formed are initially those with high ionizable phenolic hydroxyl and low carbohydrate contents, and carbonyl-containing moieties. NMR and UV spectroseopic analysis show that products formed include lignin and carbohydrate-containing species. The lignin-originating produets from the later stages contain a lower relative concentration of ionizable phenolic groups and more visible-absorbing and carbohydrate-containing species. Brightness and b* gains during multistage brightening were exponential with product yield.

ScienceRise, 2016

The procedure of holocellulose content determination in non-wood plant raw materials was developed. The strength properties of pulp obtained from sunflower stalks by neutral-sulphite, soda, alkaline sulphiteanthraquinone-ethanol and peracetic methods of delignification were studied. Methodology of comparison of plant materials delignification methods using new lignin-carbohydrate diagram was proposed. It was shown, that the alkaline sulphite-anthraquinone-ethanol method of pulping is characterized by the highest delignification degree and is the most efficient among the studied methods