Handbook for cleaning/decontamination of surfaces

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

Detergents commercially available in the Nepalese market were studied and several parameters such as surface tension, pH, critical micelle concentration, foaming stability test, hard water test, emulsions stability test were performed. Different medium such as ground water (G.W.), tap water (T.W.), distilled water (D.W.) and 5% ethanol in distilled water were selected for this study. The decrease in surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in ground water, tap water, distilled water and 5% ethanol in distilled water, ease of cleansing action of the detergents in this medium have been found of the following order: 5% ethanol in distilled water > distilled water (D.W.) > tap water (T.W.) > ground water (G.W.). Among the four detergents, the D1 have shown the least surface tension, CMC value, foam collapsing time, the weight of scum formed when treated with hard water. And maximum emulsion stability of the detergent D1 determines good quality detergent.

Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 2013

Cleanability of well-characterised textile materials of different types -cotton, polyester and wool -in liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have been systematically investigated under different process conditions. It was found that the soil removal, which is represented with the soiling additional density (SAD), strongly depends on the kind of investigated textile materials. The use of a commercial detergent ClipCOO significantly improved the cleanability of all textile materials under study and slightly reduced the re-deposition of soil in the case of wool fabric. In addition, by using optical roughness analysis, some topographical changes in the fabric structure after cleaning were studied.

2012

Aims: To test the efficacy of four wipe cloth types (cotton bar towel, nonwoven, microfibre and blended cellulose ⁄ cotton) with either quaternary ammonia cleaning solution or silver dihydrogen citrate (SDC) in cleaning food contact surfaces. Methods: Swab samples collected from untreated, cloth-treated and cloth disinfectant-treated surfaces were subjected to hygiene monitoring using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence and aerobic total plate counting (TPC) assays. Results: Adenosine triphosphate measurements taken after wiping the surfaces showed poor cleaning by nonwoven cloths (2AE89 RLU 100 cm)2) than the microfibre (2AE30 RLU 100 cm)2), cotton terry bar (2AE26 RLU 100 cm)2) and blended cellulose ⁄ cotton cloth types (2AE20 RLU 100 cm)2). The cellulose ⁄ cotton cloth showed highest log reduction in ATP-B RLU values (95%) and CFU values (98AE03%) when used in combination with SDC disinfectant. Conclusions: Cleaning effect of wiping cloths on food contact surfaces can be enhanced by dipping them in SDC disinfectant. ATP-B measurements can be used for real-time hygiene monitoring in public sector, and testing microbial contamination provides more reliable measure of cleanliness. Significance and Impact of the Study: Contaminated food contact surfaces need regular hygiene monitoring. This study could help to estimate and establish contamination thresholds for surfaces at public sector facilities and to base the effectiveness of cleaning methods.

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2011

Cleaning validation procedures are carried out in order to assure that residues of cleaning agents are within acceptable limits after the cleaning process. Cleaning agents often consist of a mixture of various surfactants which are in a highly diluted state after the water rinsing procedure has been completed. This makes it difficult to find appropriate analytical methods that are sensitive enough to detect the cleaning agents. In addition, it is advantageous for the analytical methods to be simple to perform and to give results quickly. In this study, three different non-specific analytical methods are compared: visual detection of foam, pH and conductivity measurements. The analyses were performed on different dilutions of the cleaning agents Bactericidal Hydroclean and Tickopur R33. The results demonstrated that the most appropriate method for these detergents is conductivity measurements, by which it is possible to detect concentrations of cleaning agents down to 10 ?g/ml. In th...

International Journal of Advanced Chemistry

Background: Commercial detergents are chemical formulations designed to dissolve or disperse grease, grime, and dirt by making them water soluble or suspending it in water. They are best known for their wide use in laundry industry and household cleaning. After use, the wash waters along with the residual detergents are discharged into sewage system and are carried to water bodies, which result in damaging the biodiversity of aquatic environment due to the non-degradable nature of the active detergent matter present in these cleansing agents.Method: A critical analytical study was conducted on the quality of popular detergent powders sold in the Indian market viz. Ariel, Surf Excel, Rin and Tide with respect to their moisture content, active and total alkalinity, active detergent matter, water-insoluble matter, oxygen releasing capacity and pH. Two natural cleansing agents viz. Areetha and Shikakai were tested for the same parameters. Bacterial cultures were isolated from detergent-...

To what extent is the cleaning ability, determined in terms of surface tension(mN/m), of various washing powders (Fena, Complete Ariel, Tide Plus, Henko and Ezee Liquid Detergent) with concentration 0.1%m/V and of the detergent, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (LAS) with different concentrations (0.05%m/V, 0.1%m/V, 0.2%m/V and 0.3%m/V) affected by an increase in temperature (25±0.5ºC to 50±0.5ºC)?

The cleaning effect of soap nuts, laundry balls, washing pellets and laundry magnets has been tested and compared with washing with conventional compact powder detergent for coloured textiles, and washing with water only. The cleaning effect was evaluated by measuring the tristimulus Y reflection values of pre-soiled fabric strips after they were washed according to standard EN 60456 at 40°C. The results showed that the cleaning effect of the four alternative laundry products was equal to that of water alone. Conventional compact detergent showed significantly better cleaning effect at all tested soil types. However, the results also indicate that water alone already has a substantial cleaning effect. http://www.teknoscienze.com/Articles/HPC-Today-Cleaning-effect-of-alternative-laundry-productsA-comparison-of-soap.aspx

2016

Sustainable development aims to bring a new perspective to our lives without compromising customer needs and quality. Along with sustainable development many innovative solutions came out. One of them is sustainable green cleaning products and techniques. Today, emissions from conventional cleaning products may cause severe health and environmental issues. Especially sick building syndromes such as eye, skin and respiratory irritations are main health effects of them. They may also contribute to global warming, ozone layer depletion, aquatic toxicity, and air pollution. It has already been proven that misuse, storage, disposal and production stages of cleaning products can cause stream pollution. As an emerging and innovative sustainable technique “green cleaning” refers to environmental improvements such as pollution and greenhouse gas emission reduction, conservation of resources, preservation of wildlife, and reduction of plastic and waste that arise from used conventional techni...

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2014

Background: A growing number of studies have identified cleaners as a group at risk for adverse health effects of the skin and the respiratory tract. Chemical substances present in cleaning products could be responsible for these effects. Currently, only limited information is available about irritant and health hazardous chemical substances found in cleaning products. We hypothesized that chemical substances present in cleaning products are known health hazardous substances that might be involved in adverse health effects of the skin and the respiratory tract. Methods: We performed a systematic review of cleaning products used in the Swiss cleaning sector. We surveyed Swiss professional cleaning companies (n51476) to identify the most used products (n5105) for inclusion. Safety data sheets (SDSs) were reviewed and hazardous substances present in cleaning products were tabulated with current European and global harmonized system hazard labels. Results: Professional cleaning products are mixtures of substances (arithmetic mean 3.5¡2.8), and more than 132 different chemical substances were identified in 105 products. The main groups of chemicals were fragrances, glycol ethers, surfactants, solvents; and to a lesser extent, phosphates, salts, detergents, pH-stabilizers, acids, and bases. Up to 75% of products contained irritant (Xi), 64% harmful (Xn) and 28% corrosive (C) labeled substances. Hazards for eyes (59%) and skin (50%), and hazards by ingestion (60%) were the most reported. Conclusions: Cleaning products potentially give rise to simultaneous exposures to different chemical substances. As professional cleaners represent a large workforce, and cleaning products are widely used, it is a major public health issue to better understand these exposures. The list of substances provided in this study contains important information for future occupational exposure assessment studies.