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2001, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Deep narrow-and broad-band near-infrared imaging observations of the central 2 × 2 region of the SSA 22 field were made with the near-infrared camera (CISCO) attached to the Subaru Telescope. Using a narrow-band filter centered at 2.033 µm, [O III] λ 5007 emitters at z ∼ 3.06 ± 0.02 were searched to examine star-forming activities in an over-density region where a clustering of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman α emitter candidates around z = 3.09 was reported, though the targeted redshift is slightly different from that of the peak of the over-density region. Although one emitter candidate at z = 3.06 was detected, it is likely to be located at a redshift of between 1 and 2 judged based on multi-band photometry. Another emission-line object was detected in another narrowband filter ("off band" filter) centered at 2.120 µm, which is identified with a galaxy at z = 0.132 (the emission line is Paschen α). The K-band imaging data revealed the presence of 12 Extremely Red Objects (EROs) with I 814 −K ≥ 4. The distribution of the EROs does not seem to coincide with that of Lyman Break Galaxies or Lyman α emitters at z ∼ 3. The magnitudes and colors of the EROs are not consistent with those of passively evolving massive elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 3. Candidates for counterparts of the submm sources detected with SCUBA are found; no EROs around the submm sources are found in our magnitude limit.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2007
Context. We present the results of a near-infrared survey of the young stellar cluster associated with the IRAS 16571-4029 source. Aims. The main purpose of this survey is to study the cluster members and find the ionizing sources of the associated HII region. Methods. The stellar population was studied by using color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, as well as by analysing the spectral energy distributions in the near-and mid-infrared wavelengths. The extended emission was studied by the construction of contour diagrams, which were compared with near-and mid-infrared images. We computed the corresponding number of Lyman continuum photons (using the integrated Brγ flux density) and compared it with that obtained from the 5 GHz flux density to derive a mean visual extinction. Results. NIR observations in the direction of RCW116B reveal the presence of a young cluster of massive stars coincident with the IRAS 16571-4029 source. These observations, together with published radio data, MSX, and Spitzer images were used to determine some of the physical parameters of the region. We found 102 cluster member candidates in an area of about 3 × 3 square arcmin, the majority of them showing excess emission in the NIR. We found that IRAS 16571-4029 is formed by multiple infrared sources, all but one are associated with small groups of stars. This suggests that the fragmentation of massive molecular clouds generates the massive sub-clusters. We derived a mean visual extinction of A V = 12.8± 4.7 3.2. This result is independent of the assumed distance and agrees with the mean visual extinction A V = 14.4, as obtained by previous spectroscopic observations of two NIR sources in the direction of the IRAS 16571-4029 source. We also compare the results obtained in this study with those obtained in previous papers in this series finding a very good correlation between the number of cluster members N s and the cluster radius r c. The cluster radius varies from 0.2−0.3 pc (IRAS 15411-5352 and IRAS 16132-5039) until about 1 pc (IRAS 15408-5356). The youngest clusters are those associated with the RCW95 complex (IRAS 15408-5356 and IRAS 15411-5353) with ages in the range 1.5−2 × 10 6 years, while the sources associated with the RCW106 (IRAS 16132-5039, IRAS 16177-5018) and RCW116B (IRAS 16571-4029) complexes have ages in the range 2.5−3 × 10 6 years. The oldest of them is the cluster associated with the RCW121 region (IRAS 17149-4029), which has an estimated age of 4.2 × 10 6 years.
The Astrophysical Journal, 1998
We report the cumulative results of an ongoing near-infrared search for redshifted Hα emission from normal galaxies at z>2. An infrared search reduces the bias due to reddening. Using narrow-band imaging with the Near Infrared Camera on the Keck I 10-m telescope, a survey area of almost 12 square arcminutes has been covered. Target regions were selected by matching the redshifts of QSO emission and metal-line absorptions to our available filters. The survey depth is 7 ×10 −17 ergs/cm 2 /s (3σ) in Hα and K ′ ≃ 22. Eleven Hα-emitters, plus two Seyfert I objects, have been discovered. The high density of galaxy detections, corresponding to a co-moving volume density of 0.0135+0.0055 − 0.0035 Mpc −3 , makes it unlikely that all of the Hα flux in these objects is the result of active nuclei. There is a strong suggestion of clustering in the environments of metal-line absorbers. Each candidate galaxy lies typically within a projected distance of 250kpc of the QSO line of sight and is resolved but compact. The average Star Formation Rate inferred for the galaxies from the Hα flux is 50 M ⊙ /yr, significantly higher than current day star-forming galaxies, but consistent with other estimates for galaxies at high redshift.
2008
We present new results of a deep optical imaging survey using a narrowband filter (NB921) centered at λ = 9196 ˚A together with B, V, R, i ′ , and z ′ broadband filters in the sky area of the Subaru Deep Field which has been promoted as one of legacy programs of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope. We obtained a photometric sample of 58 Lyα emitter candidates at z ≈ 6.5 – 6.6 among ∼ 180 strong NB921-excess (z ′ − NB921> 1.0) objects together with a color criterion of i ′ − z ′> 1.3. We then obtained optical spectra of 20 objects in our NB921-excess sample and identified at least nine Lyα emitters at z ∼ 6.5 – 6.6 including the two emitters reported by Kodaira et al. (2003). Since our Lyα emitter candidates are free from strong amplification of gravitational lensing, we are able to discuss their observational properties from a statistical point of view. Based on these new results, we obtain a lower limit of the star formation rate density of ρSFR ≃ 5.7 × 10 −4 h0.7 M ⊙ yr −1 Mpc −3 at z...
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2014
We present the results from a 1.1 mm imaging survey of the SSA22 field, known for having an overdensity of z = 3.1 Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs), taken with the AzTEC camera on the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). We imaged a 950 arcmin 2 field down to a 1σ sensitivity of 0.7-1.3 mJy/beam to find 125 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with a signal to noise ratio 3.5. Counterpart identification using radio and near/mid-infrared data was performed and one or more counterpart candidates were found for 59 SMGs. Photometric redshifts based on optical to near-infrared images were evaluated for 45 SMGs of these SMGs with Spitzer/IRAC data, and the median value is found to be z = 2.4. By combining these estimation with estimates from the literature we determined that 10 SMGs might lie within the large-scale structure at z = 3.1. The two-point angular cross-correlation function between LAEs and SMGs indicates that the positions of the SMGs are correlated with the z = 3.1 protocluster. These results suggest that the SMGs were formed and evolved selectively in the high dense environment of the high redshift universe. This picture is consistent with the predictions of the standard model of hierarchical structure formation.
Nature, 2009
Lyman-α emitters are thought to be young, low-mass galaxies with ages of ~10 8 yr (refs 1, 2). An overdensity of them in one region of the sky (the SSA 22 field) traces out a filamentary structure in the early Universe at a redshift of z ≈ 3.1 (equivalent to 15 per cent of the age of the Universe) and is believed to mark a forming protocluster 3,4 . Galaxies that are bright at (sub)millimetre wavelengths are undergoing violent episodes of star formation 5-8 , and there is evidence that they are preferentially associated with high-redshift radio galaxies 9 , so the question of whether they are also associated with the most significant large-scale structure growing at high redshift (as outlined by Lyman-α emitters) naturally arises. Here we report an imaging survey of 1,100-µm emission in the SSA 22 region. We find an enhancement of submillimetre galaxies near the core of the protocluster, and a large-scale correlation between the submillimetre galaxies and the low-mass Lyman-α emitters, suggesting synchronous formation of the two very different types of star-forming galaxy within the same structure at high redshift. These results are in general agreement with our understanding of the formation of cosmic structure.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2008
Aims. IRAS 19410+2336 is a young massive star forming region with an intense outflow activity. Outflows are frequently studied in the near-infrared (NIR) since the H 2 emission in this wavelength range often traces the shocked molecular gas. However, the mechanisms behind the H 2 emission detected in IRAS 19410+2336 have not been clarified yet. We present here spatially resolved NIR spectroscopy which allows us to verify whether the H 2 emission originates from thermal emission in shock fronts or from fluorescence excitation by non-ionizing UV photons. Moreover, NIR spectroscopy also offers the possibility of studying the characteristics of the putative driving source(s) of the H 2 emission by the detection of photospheric and circumstellar spectral features, and of the environmental conditions (e.g. extinction). Methods. We obtained long-slit, intermediate-resolution, NIR spectra of IRAS 19410+2336 using LIRIS, the NIR imager/spectrographer mounted on the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope. As a complement, we also obtained J, H and K s images with the Las Campanas 2.5 m Du Pont Telescope, and archival mid-infrared (MIR) Spitzer images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 μm. Results. We confirm the shocked nature of the H 2 emission, with an excitation temperature of about 2000 K, based on the analysis of relevant H 2 line ratios, ortho-to-para ratios and excitation diagrams. We have also identified objects with very different properties and evolutionary stages in IRAS 19410+2336. The most massive source at millimeter wavelengths, mm1, with a mass of a few tens of solar masses, has a bright NIR (and MIR) counterpart. This suggests that emission -probably coming through a cavity created by one of the outflows present in the region, or from the outflow cavity itself -is leaking at these wavelengths. The second most massive millimeter source, mm2, is only detected at λ > ∼ 6 μm, suggesting that it could be a high-mass protostar still in its main accretion phase. The NIR spectra of some neighboring sources show CO first-overtone bandhead emission which is associated with neutral material located in the inner regions of the circumstellar environment of YSOs.
2007
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field source JD2 presented in Mobasher et al. (2005) is an unusual galaxy that is very faint at all wavelengths shortward of 1.1 micron. Photometric redshift fits to data at 0.4 to 8 microns yield a significant probability that it is an extremely massive galaxy at z~6.5. In this paper we present new photometry at 16 microns and 22 micron from Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) peak-up imaging of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields. We find that the spectral energy distribution shows a factor of ~4 rise in flux density between the 16 micron and 22 micron bandpass which is most likely due to the entrance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission features into the 22 micron and 24 micron passbands. The flux ratio between these bandpasses can be best fit by a z~1.7 luminous infrared galaxy with a bolometric luminosity of (2-6)\times10^{11} L_sun corresponding to a star-formation rate of 80 M_sun/yr. The predicted flux density values at other longer wavelengths are below the detection limits of current instrumentation but such sources could potentially be detected in lensed submillimeter surveys. Re-evaluation of the optical/near-infrared photometry continues to favor z>6 photometric redshift solutions, but we argue that the consistency of the multiwavelength parameters of this galaxy with other dusty starbursts favor the z~2 mid-infrared photometric redshift. The data presented here provide evidence that optically undetected near-infrared sources which are detected at 24 microns are most likely dusty, starburst galaxies at a redshift of z~2 with stellar masses >10^{10} M_sun.
Eprint Arxiv Astro Ph 0507373, 2005
We review the history and the current status of the understanding of the processes that regulate Lyman alpha emission from star-forming galaxies. We present some of the most recent results of our study to image local starburst galaxies in the Lyman alpha emission line using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. Particular attention is dedicated to our study of the low-metallicity, dust-poor Blue Compact Galaxy ESO338-IG04. We discuss some of our local observational results with reference to the interpretation of results of high-redshift Lyman alpha surveys and recent simulations of the detection properties of high-z Lyman alpha emitting objects performed by our group.
2011
We present a spectroscopically confirmed sample of Lyman alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) at z ∼ 4.5 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS), which we combine with a sample of z ∼ 4.5 LAEs from previous narrowband surveys from the Large Area Lyman Alpha (LALA) survey to build a unified Lyα luminosity function. We spectroscopically observed 64 candidate LAEs in the ECDFS, confirming 46 objects as z ∼ 4.5 LAEs based on single-line detections with no continuum emission blue-ward of the line, resulting in a Lyα confirmation rate of ∼ 70%. We did not detect significant flux from neither the C iv λ1549Å emission line nor the He ii λ1640Å emission line in individual LAE spectra. These lines were also undetected in a coadded spectrum, with the coadded line ratio of He ii to Lyα constraining the Population III star formation rate to be <0.3% of the total star formation rate (SFR), and <1.25% of the observed SFR (both at the 2-σ level). We combine the optical spectra with deep X-ray and radio images to constrain the AGN fraction in the sample. Only LAE was detected in both the X-ray and radio, while the other objects remained undetected, even when stacked. The Lyα luminosity functions in our two deepest narrowband filters in the ECDFS differ at greater than 2σ significance, and the product L * Φ * differs by a factor of > 3. Similar luminosity function differences have been used to infer evolution in the neutral gas fraction in the intergalactic medium at z > 6, yet here the difference is likely due to cosmic variance, given that the two samples are from adjoining line-of-sight volumes. Combining our new sample of LAEs with those from previous LALA narrowband surveys at z = 4.5, we obtain one of the best measured Lyα luminosity functions to date, with our sample of over 200 spectroscopically confirmed Lyα galaxies yielding log 10 (L *) = 42.83 ± 0.06 [ergs s −1 ] and log 10 (Φ *) =-3.48 ± 0.09 [Mpc −3 ]. We compare our new luminosity function to others from the literature to study the evolution of the Lyα luminosity density at 0 < z < 7. We find tentative evidence for evolution in the product L * Φ * , which approximately tracks the cosmic star formation rate density, but since field-to-field and survey-to-survey variations are in some cases as large as the possible evolution, some caution is needed in interpreting this trend.
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2012
We present near-infrared (NIR) color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) for the resolved stellar populations within 26 fields of 23 nearby galaxies ( 4 Mpc), based on images in the F 110W and F 160W filters taken with Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The CMDs are measured in regions spanning a wide range of star formation histories, including both old dormant and young star-forming populations. We match key NIR CMD features with their counterparts in more familiar optical CMDs, and identify the red core Helium burning (RHeB) sequence as a significant contributor to the NIR flux in stellar populations younger than a few 100 Myrs old. The strength of this feature suggests that the NIR mass-to-light ratio can vary significantly on short timescales in star forming systems. The NIR luminosity of star forming galaxies is therefore not necessarily proportional to the stellar mass. We note that these individual RHeB stars may also be misidentified as old stellar clusters in images of nearby galaxies. For older stellar populations, we discuss the CMD location of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the HST filter set, and explore the separation of AGB subpopulations using a combination of optical and NIR colors. We empirically calibrate the magnitude of the NIR tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in F 160W as a function of color, allowing future observations in this widely adopted filter set to be used for distance measurements. We also analyze the properties of the NIR RGB as a function of metallicity, showing a clear trend between NIR RGB color and metallicity. However, based on the current study, it appears unlikely that the slope of the NIR RGB can be used as an effective metallicity indicator in extragalactic systems with comparable data. Finally, we highlight issues with scattered light in the WFC3, which becomes significant for exposures taken close to a bright earth limb.
2016
Lyman alpha (Lyα) emission lines should be attenuated in a neutral intergalactic medium (IGM). Therefore the visibility of Lyα emitters at high redshifts can serve as a valuable probe of reionization at about the 50% level. We present an imaging search for z = 7.7 Lyα emitting galaxies using an ultra-narrowband filter (filter width=9Å) on the NEWFIRM imager at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. We found four candidate Lyα emitters in a survey volume of 1.4 × 10 4 Mpc 3 , with a line flux brighter than 6 × 10 −18 erg cm −2 s −1 (5σ in 2 ′′ aperture). We also performed a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation incorporating the instrumental effects to estimate the expected number of Lyα emitters in our survey, and found that we should expect to detect one Lyα emitter, assuming a non-evolving Lyα luminosity function (LF) between z=6.5 and z=7.7. Even if one of the present candidates is spectroscopically confirmed as a z ≈ 8 Lyα emitter, it would indicate that there is no significant evolution of the Lyα LF from z = 3.1 to z ≈ 8. While firm conclusions would need both spectroscopic confirmations and larger surveys to boost the number counts of galaxies, we successfully demonstrate the feasibility of sensitive near-infrared (1.06µm) narrow-band searches using custom filters designed to avoid the OH emission lines that make up most of the sky background.
Nature, 2009
Lyman-alpha emitters are thought to be young, low-mass galaxies with ages of approximately 10(8) yr (refs 1, 2). An overdensity of them in one region of the sky (the SSA 22 field) traces out a filamentary structure in the early Universe at a redshift of z approximately 3.1 (equivalent to 15 per cent of the age of the Universe) and is believed to mark a forming protocluster. Galaxies that are bright at (sub)millimetre wavelengths are undergoing violent episodes of star formation, and there is evidence that they are preferentially associated with high-redshift radio galaxies, so the question of whether they are also associated with the most significant large-scale structure growing at high redshift (as outlined by Lyman-alpha emitters) naturally arises. Here we report an imaging survey of 1,100-microm emission in the SSA 22 region. We find an enhancement of submillimetre galaxies near the core of the protocluster, and a large-scale correlation between the submillimetre galaxies and th...
Astrophys J, 2009
A photometric sample of ∼7100 V < 25.3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) has been selected by combining Subaru/Suprime-Cam BV R C i ′ z ′ optical data with deep GALEX/NUV imaging of the Subaru Deep Field. Follow-up spectroscopy confirmed 24 LBGs at 1.5 z 2.7. Among the optical spectra, 12 have Lyα emission with rest-frame equivalent widths of ≈ 5 − 60Å. The success rate for identifying LBGs as NUV-dropouts at 1.5 < z < 2.7 is 86%. The rest-frame UV (1700Å) luminosity function (LF) is constructed from the photometric sample with corrections for stellar contamination and z < 1.5 interlopers (lower limits). The LF is 1.7 ± 0.1 (1.4 ± 0.1 with a hard upper limit on stellar contamination) times higher than those of z ∼ 2 BXs and z ∼ 3 LBGs. Three explanations were considered, and it is argued that significantly underestimating low-z contamination or effective comoving volume is unlikely: the former would be inconsistent with the spectroscopic sample at 93% confidence, and the second explanation would not resolve the discrepancy. The third scenario is that different photometric selection of the samples yields non-identical galaxy populations, such that some BX galaxies are LBGs and vice versa. This argument is supported by a higher surface density of LBGs at all magnitudes while the redshift distribution of the two populations is nearly identical. This study, when combined with other star-formation rate (SFR) density UV measurements from LBG surveys, indicates that there is a rise in the SFR density: a factor of 3 − 6 (3 − 10) increase from z ∼ 5 (z ∼ 6) to z ∼ 2, followed by a decrease to z ∼ 0. This result, along with past sub-mm studies that find a peak at z ∼ 2 in their redshift distribution, suggest that z ∼ 2 is the epoch of peak star-formation. Additional spectroscopy is required to characterize the complete shape of the z ∼ 2 LBG UV LF via measurements of AGN, stellar, and low-z contamination and accurate distances.
2006
We selected 40 candidate Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies (LAEs) at z ~=3.1 with observed frame equivalent widths >150A and inferred emission line fluxes >2.5x10^-17 ergs/cm^2/s from deep narrow-band and broad-band MUSYC images of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. Covering 992 sq. arcmin, this is the largest ``blank field'' surveyed for LAEs at z ~3, allowing an improved estimate of the space density of this population of 3+-1x10^-4 h_70^3/Mpc^3. Spectroscopic follow-up of 23 candidates yielded 18 redshifts, all at z ~=3.1. Over 80% of the LAEs are dimmer in continuum magnitude than the typical Lyman break galaxy spectroscopic limit of R= 25.5 (AB), with a median continuum magnitude R ~=27 and very blue continuum colors, (V-z) ~=0. Over 80% of the LAEs have the right UVR colors to be selected as Lyman break galaxies, but only 10% also have R<=25.5. Stacking the UBVRIzJK fluxes reveals that LAEs have stellar masses ~=5x10^8 h_70^-2 M_sun and minimal dust extinction, A_V < ~ 0.1. Inferred star formation rates are ~=6 h_70^-2 M_sun/yr, yielding a cosmic star formation rate density of 2x10^-3 h_70 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3. None of our LAE candidates show evidence for rest-frame emission line equivalent widths EW_rest>240A which might imply a non-standard IMF. One candidate is detected by Chandra, implying an AGN fraction of 2+-2% for LAE candidate samples. In summary, LAEs at z ~ 3 have rapid star formation, low stellar mass, little dust obscuration and no evidence for a substantial AGN component.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2013
Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) represent one of the kinds of star-forming galaxies that are found in the high-redshift universe. The detection of LBGs in the far-infrared (FIR) domain can provide very important clues on their dust attenuation and total star-formation rate (SFR), allowing a more detailed study than has been performed so far. In this work we explore the FIR emission of a sample of 16 LBGs at z ∼ 3 in the GOODS-North and GOODS-South fields that are individually detected in PACS-100 μm or PACS-160 μm. These detections demonstrate the possibility of measuring the dust emission of LBGs at high redshift. We find that PACS-detected LBGs at z ∼ 3 are highly obscured galaxies which belong to the ultra-luminous or hyper-luminous IR galaxy class. Their total SFR cannot be recovered with the dust attenuation factors obtained from their UV continuum slope or their SED-derived dust attenuation employing templates. Both methods underestimate the results for most of the galaxies. Comparing with a sample of PACS-detected LBGs at z ∼ 1, we find evidence that the FIR emission of LBGs might have changed with redshift, in the sense that the dustiest LBGs found at z ∼ 3 have more prominent FIR emission, are dustier for a given UV slope, and have higher SFR for a given stellar mass than the dustiest LBGs found at z ∼ 1.
The Astrophysical Journal, 2015
We report detections of two candidate distant submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), MM J154506.4−344318 and MM J154132.7−350320, which are discovered in the AzTEC/ASTE 1.1 mm survey toward the Lupus-I star-forming region. The two objects have 1.1 mm flux densities of 43.9 and 27.1 mJy, and have Herschel/SPIRE counterparts as well. The Submillimeter Array counterpart to the former SMG is identified at 890 µm and 1.3 mm. Photometric redshift estimates using all available data from the mid-infrared to the radio suggest that the redshifts of the two SMGs are z photo ≃ 4-5 and 3, respectively. Near-infrared objects are found very close to the SMGs and they are consistent with low-z ellipticals, suggesting that the high apparent luminosities can be attributed to gravitational magnification. The cumulative number counts at S 1.1mm ≥ 25 mJy, combined with other two 1.1-mm brightest sources, are 0.70 +0.56 −0.34 deg −2 , which is consistent with a model prediction that accounts for flux magnification due to strong gravitational lensing. Unexpectedly, a z > 3 SMG and a Galactic dense starless core (e.g., a first hydrostatic core) could be similar in the mid-infrared to millimeter spectral energy distributions and spatial structures at least at 1 ′′. This indicates that it is necessary to distinguish the two possibilities by means of broad band photometry from the optical to centimeter and spectroscopy to determine the redshift, when a compact object is identified toward Galactic star-forming regions.
The Astrophysical Journal, 2000
This study presents Keck optical and infrared spectroscopy of the rest-frame ultraviolet and optical emission lines in two Lyman α emitting galaxies at z > 2. These data provide insight on the evolution of fundamental galaxy scaling relations at early epochs, especially the luminosity-velocity and luminosity-metallicity relations. Spectral diagnostics suggest that the Coup Fourré Galaxy at z = 2.3 [CFg; Lowenthal et al. 1991] and Lynx 2-9691, a serendipitously-discovered, luminous Lyman-drop galaxy at z = 2.9, are star-forming galaxies without active nuclei. Lynx 2-9691 exhibits extended [O III] emission over a diameter of >28 kpc, reminiscent of the Lyman α nebulae discovered near Lyman-drop galaxies [Steidel et al. 2000]. We estimate star formation rates of 59 M ⊙ yr −1 and 111 M ⊙ yr −1 , respectively, from Balmer recombination line luminosities, 2-3 times higher than inferred from the ultraviolet continuum. The ratios of strong nebular emission lines indicate sub-solar oxygen abundances in the range 8.2 < 12 + log(O/H) < 8.8 (Z = 0.25 − 0.95 Z ⊙). Interestingly, Galactic metal-rich
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2007
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 2001
We present the results of deep K-and J-band imaging of the field of a proto-cluster region near the radio galaxy 53W002 at z = 2.390 with the Subaru Telescope. The data were analyzed together with deep optical and nearinfrared (NIR) images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope to investigate the properties of ten optically compact emission-line galaxies and candidates. Excluding the three objects which may contain active galactic nuclei, many are faint or undetected at K (λ rest ≈ 6000Å), and are therefore revealed to be intrinsically small starbursting objects. On the other hand, we detect few objects with colors and magnitudes expected for quiescent massive galaxies at z = 2.4 in the field.
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