All-optical NAND / NOR logic gates using bistable switching

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2000

We propose a method to implement NAND and NOR logical operations using nonlinear vertical-cavity semiconductor gates based on saturable absorption in semiconductor quantum wells. The device is designed to exhibit an inverse saturable absorber behavior, i.e., high throughput at low input energy and low throughput at high input energy level. The effects of different design parameters on the device performance are discussed. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate dynamic operation of the device. The main advantages of the proposed implementation rest on key features of the semiconductor gate, such as passive and polarization-independent operation, and compactness.

Optik, 2011

Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks in any digital data processing system. Several all optical logic operations are already proposed by scientists and technologists. Here the authors proposed a new method of all optical logic operation based on nonlinear directional coupler. Effective optical switching is achieved by modifying the coupling length between the coupler waveguides by means of an optical signal.

An optimized all-optical "NAND" logic gate is studied analytically. The particular characteristic of this logic gate is that it is based on photonic crystals, it consists of a resonator coupled with two waveguides on a silicon substrate. The operating wavelength is equal to 1.55µm which represents the telecommunication wavelength, the switching power of the optical logic gate studied is 1.693 kw /µm2 its response is independent of the response of the resonator when the power intensity of the optical waves is lower than the resonance wavelength, the light will be coupled in the waveguides, in the opposite case the light propagates in the waveguide of the bus.

Indian Journal of Physics, 2019

The high speed and high volume of optical data are subjected to electronic conversions at the receiving end of the optical network for processing purposes. This optoelectronic conversion makes the system inefficient in terms of speed and bandwidth. When high-speed data are subjected to electronic processing, heat dissipates from electronic circuits. Another source of heat dissipation is the loss of information from the irreversible processors. The solution of this problem is reversible computing. This research paper proposes a novel 3 9 3 reversible XOR logic gate and XNOR logic gate in a single photonic circuit. The proposed photonic circuit works on the principles of cross-gain modulation and cross-phase modulation, which is introduced by the active regions of two semiconductor optical amplifier in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. The proposed design works at 10 Gbps data rate. The average extinction ratio of the design is 18.58 dB, and the average quality factor is 63.03 dB. The optical cost of the proposed circuit is 1 unit.

Journal of Optical Communications, 2016

In this paper we proposed a new design for all-optical NAND gate. By combining nonlinear Kerr effect with photonic crystal ring resonators first we designed a structure, whose optical behavior can be controlled via input power intensity. The switching power threshold obtained for this structure equal to 1 kW/μm

Revue de Physique Appliquée, 1987

We propose the use of photonic circuit for high speed all-optical logic NAND gate using the modified add/drop filter devices. A proposed device is named as a PANDA ring resonator filter which is made of InGaAsP/InP materials. A system composes of optical ring resonator incorporating with left and right side ring resonators. By using the Gaussian input and dark-bright solitons pulses for optical logical generation control, the control data "A" and "B" with logic "0" (dark soliton) or logic "1" (bright soliton) are added into all add ports. The output with high intensity can be generated and seen at the through and drop ports of the system. Simulation results obtained have shown that the output at the throughput port is used for high capacity logic NAND Gate and more optical logic gate applications.

Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2017

Solitons all-optical logic NAND and XNOR gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometers are computationally analyzed at a data rate of 80 Gb/s. The investigation of the output quality factor is included. All-optical logic gates are capable of operating at 80 Gb/s with logical correctness and acceptable quality.

Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka

As a result of the development of advanced semiconductor-based optical switching devices and their commercialization, concepts and technologies in all-optical signal processing have evolved significantly in the past few years. In order to realize logical operations in photonic computing, universal gates are needed. In this research, the simple and compact all-optical NAND gate was designed using SOA and simulated at a high data rate of 10Gbps to 40 Gbps. The performance of the proposed NAND gate is shown by the numerical analysis for various input combinations and SOA. By changing wavelengths, injection currents, confinement factors, as well as optical components such as sources, amplifiers, and filters, a numerical analysis is performed. Unique results were obtained at a 10 Gbps data rate for NRZ-L user-defined bit sequences. This kind of all-optical NAND gate will be the perfect alternative in the field of optical computing to realize a high-speed optical communication network. An...

Optics Communications, 2010

We propose a new scheme to realize all optical logic NAND operating at high speeds up to 250 Gb/s utilizing the ultrafast phase response during two-photon absorption (TPA) process in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). NAND gate is important because other Boolean logic elements and circuits can be realized using NAND gates as basic building blocks. Rate equations for semiconductor optical amplifiers (for input data signals with high intensity) configured in the form of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer have been solved. The input intensities are high enough so that the two-photon induced phase change is larger than the regular gain induced phase change. The performance of this scheme is analyzed by calculating the quality factor of the resulting data streams. The results show that both AND and NAND operations at 250 Gb/s with good signal to noise ratio are feasible. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2014

Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is used for different successful frequency based switching operations. In this paper the authors describe the simulation study of the performances of SOA in various optical switches like frequency conversion, add-drop multiplexer and frequency encoded optical NOR gate, which is one the most important gates in logic family as it is known as one of the universal logic gates. Again, the controlled optical NOR logic operation with semiconductor optical amplifier is also proposed in this paper.

2008

We analyze interaction of two nonlinear waves in thin amorphous dielectric film with reflecting edges. All-optical logic gates "AND", "OR" and "XOR", which are based on the dielectric film and involve no semiconductor components, are simulated both analytically and numerically.

2015 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2015], 2015

The development in the field of nanometer technology leads to minimize the power consumption of logic circuits. Reversible logic design has been one of the promising technologies gaining greater interest due to less dissipation of heat and low power consumption. Recently, in the literature, reversible logic gates and combinational circuits have been proposed in optical domain using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches due to its significant advantages such as high speed, low power, fast switching and ease of fabrication. Optical reversible designs have used ad-hoc approaches and require high cost in terms of MZI switches, Beam Splitters (BS), and Beam Combiners (BC) as well as optical delay. In this work, an optical reversible MNOT gate and all-optical realization of 4×4 Toffoli Gate have been proposed which is used in all-optical realization of optimized reversible combinational circuits. A general design approach to realize all-optical reversible circuits based on MZI switches has been proposed first time in the literature. Optimized all-optical reversible 2×1 multiplexer and full adder circuits have been designed using these proposed gates and design approach. All-optical reversible designs of 4×1 multiplexer, 1×4 Demultiplexer and 3to8 Decoder circuits have also been presented in this work first time in the literature. Our results have shown significant improvements over existing designs in terms of MZI switches, BS, BC and optical delay.

Advances in Optical Technologies, 2014

The paper reviews the current status and designs of all-optical gates. Various schemes with and without semiconductor optical amplifiers are discussed and compared. The optical gates are classified according to their design structures. It is divided into two major divisions that is, nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates and semiconductor optical amplifier based gates. In nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates, different schemes have been proposed to create non-linearity which is discussed. The semiconductor optical amplifier based gates of different design structures are discussed to show the probe pulse that is modulated in different ways to obtain results.

2015

In this paper, we present the design of All-optical OR logic gate based on 2-D (two dimension) photonic crystals. To realize this, we consider the photonic crystals (PCs) with a square lattice of dielectric rods (refractive index=3.40). These rods are surrounded by air (refractive index=1).First we design the structure using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and in second step, we compute the band gap by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. These methods are kept to analyze the behavior of the structure. Band gap width is 0.2516 and normalized central frequency of band gap is 0.6451. Overall size of the logic gate designed is 13µm * 8µm i.e. 104 µm2 with the lattice constant 540 nm.